Official List Research Articles

Przedsiębiorczość społeczna jako ścieżka zawodowej kariery dla młodych Polaków

Przedmiot badań: W Polsce, podobnie jak to się dzieje w wielu innych miejscach na świecie, ob­serwujemy pokoleniową zmianę wartości i potrzeb. Ludzi młodych cechuje zasadniczo większa świadomość społeczna oraz ekologiczna niż poprzednie pokolenia. Przedsiębiorczość społeczna posiada potencjał efektywnego kanalizowania społecznego zaangażowania różnych grup społecz­nych, jednakże w Polsce ten model działalności nie jest powszechnie znany. O ile różne aspekty ekonomii społecznej doczekały się wielu studiów, to konkretne zagadnienie nie było jak dotąd przedmiotem badań naukowych.
 Cel badawczy: Celem tego artykułu jest zbadanie, czy prospołeczne postawy młodych Polaków są w pełni wykorzystywane, czy przedsiębiorczość społeczna posiada potencjał stania się dla nich jedną ze ścieżek zawodowej kariery oraz czy przyczyniłaby się do tego popularyzacja przed­siębiorczości społecznej w przestrzeni akademickiej.
 Metoda badawcza: Zastosowano następujące metody: studia literaturowe, obserwację uczestni­czącą, wywiady pogłębione oraz badania ankietowe.
 Wyniki: Przeprowadzone badania potwierdziły, że młode pokolenie, także w Polsce, charakte­ryzuje świadomość społecznych problemów oraz chęć angażowania się w ich rozwiązywanie. Wykazały, iż istnieje zależność między poziomem zaangażowania ludności w różnych krajach na polu przedsiębiorczości społecznej a stopniem znajomości tego modelu w efekcie popularyzowa­nia go w różnych formach.
 Wyniki te pozwalają na wyciągnięcie następujących wniosków: Potencjał wynikający ze społecznie zaangażowanej postawy młodego pokolenia Polaków nie jest w pełni wykorzystywany m.in. w konse­kwencji braku znajomości modelu przedsiębiorczości społecznej. Konieczna jest jego popularyzacja, a zwłaszcza potencjału tego typu działalności jako drogi zawodowej kariery, poprzez: 1. włączenie zagadnienia przedsiębiorczości społecznej do oferty programowej jako przedmiot, a z czasem powo­łanie katedr przedsiębiorczości społecznej na uczelniach o profilu ekonomicznym oraz na wydziałach nauk społecznych; 2. nadanie osobnej formy prawnej temu modelowi na równi z innymi podmiotami ekonomii społecznej; 3. dodanie przedsiębiorcy społecznego do oficjalnej listy zawodów.

Threatened Flora of Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

ABSTRACT This study documents the occurrence of threatened plant species on Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. This survey acquired data from herbaria, living collections and field sampling. A total of 49 threatened species distributed among 27 families and 38 genera were recorded in the scientific collections, of which 43 are cited on official lists of threatened plant species for the State of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil. Twelve species recorded on the island are on an international list of endangered species, 30 on the national list for Brazil, and 11 on the State List of Rio de Janeiro. The IUCN Red List categories of Vulnerable and Endangered were the predominant categories for the plant species of Ilha Grande, with the main historical threat factors being deforestation and logging. Most of the threatened species of the island are arboreous. The families with the greatest number of threatened species are also among the richest in Dense Ombrophilous Forest: Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae, Meliaceae, Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae. Four species registered on the island also appear on the list of endemic species in the State of Rio de Janeiro.

The painter’s apprentice in fifteenth and sixteenth century Antwerp. An analysis of the archival sources

This paper examines the apprentice of painters in Antwerp during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries from a normative and quantitative perspective, based on archival sources. First, we analyse the statutes of the guild of Saint Luke, which are partly preserved and published, with regard to the rules, regulations, and entry fees for the apprentices. Second, we conduct extensive quantitative research on the official membership lists of the Antwerp guild of Saint Luke, to shed light on the number and mobility of apprentices, and the accessibility of the painter profession.

A RARE CASE OF SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE LEFT COMMON ILIAC VEIN WHICH WAS THE LATE COMPLICATION OF CAVA FILTER INSTALLATION

The article is dedicated to a rare case of spontaneous rupture of the pathologically altered left common iliac vein which was a late complication of the cava filter placement. To date this complication has not been described in the national medical literature. In foreign literature only 21 cases of spontaneous rupture of the iliac vein with unclear cause were registered. The article presents a case observed in the practice of the Bureau of forensic medical examination of the Moscow region. It was found that on he background of a number of conditions (occlusion of the inferior vena cava; pathological changes in the venous wall, taking into account its anatomical location; immobilized state of the patient; lack of adequate anticoagulant therapy; predisposing factors in the form of muscle tension) spontaneous rupture of the left common iliac vein should be considered as one of the late cava filter placement complications.Conclusion. Thus, the authors of the article have established the causes of spontaneous rupture of the iliac vein, as well as proposed the inclusion of this pathology in the official list of the late cava filter placement complications.

A tale of corruption

The phenomenon of political corruption is examined from an interdisciplinary approach that combines psychoanalysis with political science and history. The current political crisis in Peru, stemming from the revelation of millionaire bribes delivered by Brazilian companies to a long list of public officials and authorities,including five of the last six former Presidents of the Republic, in order to win the tenders of large public infrastructure works, serves as a starting point of a brief retrospective tour of the history of corruption in a country that reveals its structural and transversal character. The analysis of the particular case of Peru serves as a basis for outlining some general reflections on the responsibility of the electorate, and on the dynamics of relationships among corrupt leaders, their inner circle, and the people that carry them to power. It also explores the extent and scope of a social pathology that Leo Rangell has called the "syndrome of the compromise of integrity".

Economic evaluation of HPV DNA test as primary screening method for cervical cancer: A health policy discussion in Greece.

BackgroundHPV test appears to be more effective in cervical cancer (CC) screening. However, the decision of its adoption as a primary screening method by substituting the established cytology lies in the evaluation of multiple criteria. Aim of this study is to evaluate the economic and clinical impact of HPV test as primary screening method for CC.MethodsA decision tree and a Markov model were developed to simulate the screening algorithm and the natural history of CC. Fourteen different screening strategies were evaluated, for women 25–65 years old. Clinical inputs were drawn from the HERMES study and cost inputs from the official price lists. In the absence of CC treatment cost data, the respective Spanish costs were used after being converted to 2017 Greek values. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted.ResultsAll screening strategies, that offer as primary screening method triennial HPV genotyping (simultaneous or reflex) alone or as co-testing with cytology appear to be more effective than all other strategies, with regards to both annual CC mortality, due to missed disease (-10.1), and CC incidence(-7.5) versus annual cytology (current practice). Of those, the strategy with HPV test with simultaneous 16/18 genotyping is the strategy that provides savings of 1.050 million euros annually. However, when the above strategy is offered quinquennially despite the fact that outcomes are decreased it remains more effective than current practice (-7.7 deaths and -1.3 incidence) and more savings per death averted (1.323 million) or incidence reduced (7.837 million) are realized.ConclusionsHPV 16/18 genotyping as a primary screening method for CC appears to be one of the most effective strategies and dominates current practice in respect to both cost and outcomes. Even when compared with all other strategies, the outcomes that it generates justify the cost that it requires, representing a good value for money alternative.

List of URSI officials

List of URSI officials

Perfil das ações judiciais em assistência à saúde com bloqueio de verbas públicas no Estado de Santa Catarina

Objetivo: analisar o perfil situacional dos bloqueios de valores decorrentes do descumprimento de decisões judiciais em assistência à saúde, no Estado de Santa Catarina. Métodos: foram considerados os processos com determinação de bloqueio nas contas do Estado de Santa Catarina, nos meses de dezembro de 2015 e dezembro de 2016, em que os autores requereram medicamentos, insumos e nutrição. Resultados: a maioria das ações são ajuizadas individualmente e por escritórios de advocacia particulares. Medicamentos configuraram como o objeto mais solicitado, prescritos em sua maioria pelo nome comercial e não padronizados em listas oficiais em mais de 70% dos casos. Em 2015, o gasto mensal foi de R$ 135.549,39, e, caso o Estado tivesse realizado a aquisição, o gasto mensal seria de R$ 82.016,29. Em dezembro de 2016, o gasto com bloqueio foi de R$ 833.634,88, enquanto por meio de compra administrativa seria de R$ 447.357,68. Observou-se um crescimento de 858,82% dos gastos com bloqueios, do ano de 2015 para 2016. Conclusões: os resultados obtidos podem contribuir para o melhor planejamento do cumprimento das decisões judiciais em saúde, evitando que não onerem ainda mais os cofres públicos e prejudiquem o orçamento da saúde pública.

Cost per Progression Free Survival (PFS) of Daratumumab, Elotuzumab, Carfilzomib and Ixazomib Combinations with Lenalidomide/Dexamethasone (DRd, ERd, KRd, IRd) in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM)

OBJECTIVES: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy with several available therapies and an extensive pipeline. A metanalysis comparing pivotal relapsed/refractory (RRMM) studies that assessed DRd, ERd, KRd and IRd showed that DRd had the best PFS results. The goal of this analysis was to compare the cost per progression-free survival (PFS) for each of the comparators from the perspective of the Brazilian private healthcare system. METHODS: We calculated the cost per PFS individually using the most recent available data from follow-up (FUP) studies of the therapies assessed. PFS values were based on POLLUX 3-year FUP (DRd), ENDEAVOR 4-year FUP (ERd), ASPIRE 3-year FUP (KRd) and TOURMALINE-MM1 (IRd). Only drug acquisition costs (with wastage) were considered in the analysis (according to drug label dosage) and were retrieved from the Brazilian official price list (Jul/19). Cost per PFS was calculated by dividing the total cost in the PFS period by time in PFS (in months). Cost in 18 months was assessed because it is the maximum time that carfilzomib is recommended to be used. RESULTS: DRd showed the best PFS result compared with ERd, KRd and IRd (42.0 vs. 19.4, 26.1, 20.6, respectively). Total costs in the period of PFS for each of the comparators were BRL 2.02 million (DRd), BRL 1.29 million (ERd), BRL 1.14 million (KRd) and BRL 0.98 million (IRd). Costs per PFS- were BRL 48,060, BRL 66,343, BRL 43,822, BRL 47,760 and costs in the 18 first months were BRL 1.01 million, BRL 1,13 million, BRL 0.95 million and BRL 0.84 million for DRd, ERd, KRd and IRd, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: DRd showed the best PFS result, however its cost per PFS is the 3rd lowest among the comparators. As costs are directly dependent on PFS, the longer the PFS the higher are the costs. Additionally, daratumumab has continuous usage meanwhile carfilzomib has label recommended usage for just 18 cycles due to toxicity and tolerability-related events. Disclosures Santana: Janssen pharmaceuticals: Employment. Saad:Janssen pharmaceuticals: Employment. Kolanian:Janssen pharmaceuticals: Employment. Fioratti:Janssen pharmaceuticals: Employment. Junqueira:Janssen pharmaceuticals: Employment. Decimoni:Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Employment.

Publish Offer. Official Quotation.

For the publication 2020-21.04 we looked at the legislative evolution in the context of the conditions for the admission of securities to the official listing of a stock exchange starting from 1979; we have considered the changes introduced in the Italian legal system introduced with the stability decree of 2014 with reference to the increased vote and multiple vote, that make changes to the provisions regarding the obligation to publish a takeover bid, including in the limit beyond the holding of a stake of more than 30% also the availability of a voting right of more than 30% following purchases. We carried out a study on the official listing on the stock exchange regulated by Directive 2001/34/EC, taking a look at the legislative changes since 1979 at the EU level and which led to the same directive; further studies were of interest to the public prospectus with reference to the requirements relating to the preparation, approval and dissemination. In the last paragraph we took a look at the regulation (EU) 909/2014 (CSDR) concerning central depositories that improves the securities settlment operated by CSDs, considering the systemic importance they assume in this role for the functioning of the securities markets. The commission has issued provisions aimed at increasing the prudential requirements established by the CRD IV regulation which regulates access to credit institutions, both for depositaries and for the same credit institutions when they provide the accessory banking services defined by the CSDR regulation for a securities settlement system has also sanctioned the prohibition of providing other banking services by the same legal entity to reduce exposure to the risk of bankruptcy, considering the application of limited liability for corporations and the article 44 paragraph 1 subparagraph 1 letter b and f that the relative subparagraph 3, of the BRRD directive (2014/59/EU). In the appendix we are interested in the additions made by the European Commission to the market abuse regulation, regulation (EU) 596/2014, with reference to the provisions of article 16 concerning the harmonization of a single model for reporting transactions and information deemed suspicious (STOR).

The Impact of Dividend Policy on the Shareholders Value of Listed Firms in the Nigerian Petroleum Marketing Industry

Dividend policy is directed towards establishing the proportion of current income that should be retained in the firm and the proportion that should be distributed among its shareholders. This study, therefore, assessed the impact of dividend policy on the value of listed firms in the Nigerian petroleum marketing industry. six firms, out of eight that are quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) were selected as sample for the study. Data were collected from secondary sources. Annual reports and accounts of the selected firms, daily official lists and facts books of the NSE for the period of 2008-2017 form the source of the data. egression was used in analyzing the data. The findings revealed that payment of dividend by petroleum marketing firms in Nigeria positively influence the market price of their shares. Based on these findings, the study concluded that dividend policy of petroleum marketing firms in Nigeria affects the value of the firms. Based on this conclusion, the study recommends that management need to identify the shareholder’s interest in setting up a dividend policy that would balance their needs and retention for recapitalization to maximize value of the firms.

PSY1 COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF EMOLLIENTS IN PATIENTS WITH ATOPIC DERMATITIS

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory, chronic skin disease defined by flare-ups periods. This disorder affects health and quality of life of patients. The follow-up of AD and the prevention of relapses have a great impact on health care, society costs but also on patient’s expenditures. The aim of the study is to assess the cost-effectiveness of different emollients prescribed in AD patients. A Markov simulation model was developed over a 5-year period including data from different sources: (i) randomized clinical trials and literature review for the efficacy of treatments, (ii) resource utilisation and quality of life data, and (iii) unit prices from official prices lists. Three perspectives were considered: NHS/PSS, society which adds productivity losses and patient which includes out-of-pocket expenditures. 4 different emollients were compared (A, B, C, D) with no emollient users. Patients were treated with topical corticosteroid during flare-ups periods. Two outcomes were used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness: QALY and time without flare-ups. Sensitivity analysis were performed. The 5-year costs associated with the different emollients amounts to ₤1,329 and generates 3.55 QALY for emollient A. Patients spend in average 3.89 years without flare-ups periods. Compared to emollient B, emollient A is costlier (Δ₤42) but more effective (0.08 years, corresponding to a 30-day difference without flare-ups between A and B, or 0.009 QALY). The ICER is ₤515 per year without flare-ups periods and ₤4,672 per QALY. Emollient A is the dominant strategy compared to no treatment (184 more days without flare-ups and ₤268.85 cheaper), emollient B or C. According to the analysis, treatment with preventive emollient was a cost-effective option compared with no treatment in adult AD patients. In this comparative study, emollient A is the most efficient strategy from a willingness to pay of ₤500 with a probability of 47%.

Momordica Charantia L. Variety from Northeastern Brazil: Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Components

Introduction: Momordica charanthia L., Curcubitaceae, is a pantropical food and medicinal plant. The plant is included in the Official List of Brazilian Medicinal Plants of interest to the Brazilian Unified Health System. The study aimed to perfom microbiological studies with extracts of Momordica charanthia L. including chemical characterization of the active extracts. Methods: The antimicrobial activity was evaluated with the hydroalcoholic and acetone extracts of M. charantia leaves, fruits and seeds from northeastern Brazil using microdilution broth technique on the selected clinical bacterial and fungal strains. Extracts that presented antimicrobial were subjected to ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-ESI-MS). Results: The in vitro antimicrobial assays demonstrated that the leaves extracts presented good antibacterial effect against four Staphylococcus aureus strains, and a weak antifungal activity agaist Candida albicans. Fourteen compounds were identified in the hydroalcoholic extract, while 12 were found in the acetone extract. The most important compounds were kaempferol, quercertin and triterpenoids like cucurbitacins. Conclussion: The present study demonstrated the potential antibacterial activity of M. charantia L. from northeastern part of Brazil, in addition to important phytochemical metabolites known to possess antibacterial activities, particularly against microrganisms of clinical importance. The UPLC phytochemical profile of the Brazilian variety is reported here for the first time. The phytochemical profile of the LHE and FAE demonstrated the presence of biologically and pharmacologically active compounds. There is lack of biological and pharmacological studies to support the medicinal uses of this important plant. The Brazilian variety of M. Charantia could be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of infections.

STEM Library Activities in Croatian Primary School Curriculums

The goal of this paper is to give an overall picture of STEM activities in school curriculums supported by school librarians. Research methodology used to examine described problem is primary qualitative content analysis of Croatian primary schools curriculums, as a main document for planning of all school activities. The research included school curriculums of 854 Croatian primary schools that were available on their official web pages among overall 904, according to the official list provided by Ministry of Science and Education in Croatia (Ministarstvo znanosti i obrazovanja Republike Hrvatske, 2019). Considering the duration, research is transferable since it relies only on school year 2018./2019. and gives a general picture of the STEM activities in school curriculum associated to librarians. Findings are divided in several detected categories: science, green libraries, technology, engineering, math and extracurricular activities. 

Cost-effectiveness of switching to insulin degludec from other basal insulins in real-world clinical practice in Italy

Aims: The costs associated with insulin therapy and diabetes-related complications represent a significant and growing economic burden for healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of switching to insulin degludec (degludec) vs continuing previous basal insulin, in Italian patients with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D) diabetes, using a long-term economic model.Materials and methods: Data were retrieved from a real-world population of patients from clinical practice in Italy. Clinical parameters included in the base-case model were change from baseline in HbA1c, rates of hypoglycemia, and basal and bolus insulin dose, at 6 months following switch to degludec. Costs of treatments were taken from official Italian pharmaceutical list prices and costs of hypoglycemia were based on the literature. The data were used to populate a long-term (lifetime) IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model to evaluate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) – cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). The robustness of these results was tested with extensive sensitivity analyses by varying the time horizons and abolishing each of the treatment differences and previous basal insulins.Results: The total incremental cost for degludec vs previous basal insulin was €–6,310 and €–2,682 for patients with T1D and T2D, respectively; the switch to degludec resulted in a QALY gain of 0.781 and 0.628. The long-term ICER for degludec vs continuing the previous basal insulin regimen showed that degludec was dominant for both T1D and T2D, meaning that patient health was improved in terms of QALYs with lower healthcare costs. Sensitivity analyses showed that degludec remained dominant in most scenarios including after elimination of any benefit in non-severe hypoglycemia and insulin dose, in both T1D and T2D.Conclusions: Under routine care, switching to degludec is dominant, compared with continuing previous basal insulin, in Italian patients with T1D or T2D.

PND3 COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS OF NATALIZUMAB AS FIRST LINE THERAPY FOR HIGHLY ACTIVE RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS FROM A BRAZILIAN PRIVATE PAYER PERSPECTIVE

Natalizumab is covered as second line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in the Brazilian private healthcare system. Its other label indication, first line therapy for highly active RRMS (HARRMS), does not have mandatory coverage. This study aims at evaluating the cost-utility of natalizumab as first line for HARRMS compared to initiating treatment with platform therapies in the public system and migrating to natalizumab after therapeutic failure. A microsimulation model built in TreeAge® was used to simulate the treatment of a cohort of patients with HARRMS. Two arms were compared: one initiating treatment with natalizumab in the private system and the other initiating treatment with platform therapies in the public system and migrating to natalizumab in the private system. Natural history transition probabilities and relapse rates were derived from the placebo arm of Tysabri’s pivotal trial and drug efficacy data was obtained from each product’s pivotal clinical trial. For Tysabri, efficacy data was specific to the HARRMS population. For comparators, we used efficacy data for overall population. In the comparator arm, and as a conservative assumption, treatment initiation was assumed to have a three-month delay since diagnosis, lower than the observed in real life.Natalizumab’s cost was calculated based on the Brazilian drug price regulator official list. Platform therapies had no cost from the private payer perspective. Disease management costs were obtained through micro-costing based on published burden of illness study. The analysis resulted in greater effectiveness of the treatment being initiated with natalizumab (5.81 vs 4.36). Incremental cost was BRL 115.8 thousand in a 20-year horizon, resulting in an ICER of BRL 79.7 thousand/QALY. Initiating treatment with natalizumab in the private healthcare system is cost-effective vs initiating treatment in the public healthcare system, assuming a three times per capita GDP willingness-to-pay threshold (BRL 90 thousand/QALY).

Impacto econômico das ações judiciais para o fornecimento de medicamentos no Estado de São Paulo

Objetivos: compreender a participação das despesas com medicamentos judicializados nas despesas totais liquidadas com medicamentos (DTLM) no Estado de São Paulo (SP). SP. Métodos: realizou-se análise exploratória de dados do Sistema de Informações Gerenciais da Execução Orçamentária (Sigeo) e do Sistema de Informação de Orçamento Público em Saúde (Siops), de 2010 a 2018. Resultados: no período estudado, as DTLM em SP superaram 11 bilhões de reais, apresentando tendência decrescente em valores globais e na participação percentual em relação à despesa total com saúde (de 11,32% em 2010 para 8,95% em 2018). De 2016 a 2018, 17% das DTLM foram destinadas às ações judiciais (R$ 679.935.967,31), sendo a tendência crescente. Discussão: a representatividade dos medicamentos judicializados na DTLM alerta para questões de custo, mas também para a segurança do paciente e sustentabilidade das políticas públicas de saúde, pois o rol também contempla medicamentos novos, para os quais a superioridade em efetividade e segurança ainda não foram comprovadas comparando-se às alternativas disponíveis, e/ou com uso off-label. Conclusões: as demandas judiciais por medicamentos não têm levado ao aumento da destinação de recursos para sua aquisição, mas à concorrência por recursos originalmente destinados à política de assistência farmacêutica, com redução da participação percentual dos medicamentos das listas oficiais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) a cada ano.

Malaysia

A technical assistance (TA) mission was conducted by Mr. Hendrik Tillmann-Zorn, an IMF short-term Government Finance Statistics (GFS) expert, during the period of March 4–8, 2019, to support the Malaysian authorities in improving GFS for decision making. The mission was prepared through a remote support mission in the period December 17–22, 2018. The missions were part of the second three-year GFS capacity development project funded by the Government of Japan (JSA).1 The mission met with officials from the Ministry of Finance (MOF), the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM), and the Accountant General’s (AG) Department. The mission would like to thank the staff of the national institutions for their courtesy and willingness to share their knowledge with the mission. It is especially grateful to the staff of the MOF for their assistance in organizing the mission (see Appendix I for the list of officials met during the mission).

Validating the Bangla version of the Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire (DMQ-18) for preschoolers.

The Preschool version of the Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire (DMQ-18) is a popular instrument to assess children's ability to master the environment through action or activity to explore, influence, or control the physical atmosphere. Although this instrument was originally developed in English, it has now been translated and validated in five other languages: Hungarian, Turkish, Chinese, Spanish, and Persian. As we notice a growing interest in research on the mastery motivation among Bangladeshi preschoolers, we have taken this effort to translate and validate the DMQ-18 and explore the factor structure of the Bangla version of this questionnaire. After translating all 39 items of the questionnaire into Bangla, it was administered on 206 children, aged 3 to 6 years, recruited randomly from ten preschools in Dhaka. The schools were selected randomly from the official list of preschools prepared by the Dhaka City Corporation. Class teachers of the respective children completed the questionnaire with the assistant of research assistants. The Bangla version of the questionnaire retained all 39 items, with seven factors as they were in the English version. The Bangla version shows sufficient reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87; test-retest reliability = 0.89 for whole questionnaire and .79-.89 for sub-scales; inter-rater reliability = 0.88 for whole questionnaire and .79-.88 for sub-scales), and validity (correlated positively with the English version; r = 0.85). Due to its robust psychometric properties, the Bangla DMQ-18 is suggested to be used for Bangladeshi preschool children to assess their mastery motivation.

Athletic Hip Injuries in Major League Baseball Pitchers Associated with UCL Pathology

Objectives: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction is a reliable treatment for elite overhand throwers with UCL pathology. In recent years, this operation has become increasingly common among Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers. Predisposing factors and associated comorbidities, however, have not been well elucidated in the literature. The purpose of this investigation is to determine if professional baseball pitchers who underwent UCL reconstruction had an increased incidence of hip or groin injuries 4 years prior to or following their surgery. We hypothesized that MLB pitchers who sustained hip or groin injuries may have been more likely to develop UCL pathology due to kinetic chain alterations and overcompensation at the distal upper extremity during overhand throwing. Methods: This case controlled study utilized a comprehensive list of all 247 MLB players who underwent UCL reconstruction between 2005 and 2017, through aggregation of online publicly accessible data. Application of inclusion criteria yielded a final sample size of 145. These athletes’ injury histories were identified using systematic online searches and cross referenced with the official MLB disabled list. Age, playing time, and ERA-matched controls were generated for comparison of results. Results: Of the 145 MLB pitchers who underwent UCL reconstruction between 2005 and 2017, 40 (27.6%) endured a proximal lower extremity injury within 4 years of their surgery. Specifically, 16 pitchers sustained hip injuries, 13 suffered hamstring injuries, and 14 experienced groin injuries. A significantly lower rate of hip and groin related injuries, 18%, was identified in matched controls during a similar timeframe (p = 0.049). This represents an odds ratio of 1.74, indicating that players who underwent a UCL reconstruction were 74% more likely to have sustained a hip, groin or hamstring injury within an eight-year timeframe compared to matched controls. Hip injuries, specifically, were independently associated with UCL reconstruction compared to matched controls (p = 0.027). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that MLB pitchers who required UCL reconstruction sustained a higher frequency of hip injuries both before and after surgery compared to matched controls. This association is significant as treatment of antecedent hip pathology, as well as emphasis on hip and core muscle mobility and strengthening, may help reduce the UCL injury burden in MLB pitchers.