List Of Design Principles Research Articles

Designing ICTs for development. A Delphi study on problem framing, approach, and team composition

ABSTRACT Many ICT4D projects fail. Researchers attribute this failure partly to the mismatch between the context in which ICTs are designed and the context of their use. This study aims to understand the interplay between design and ICT4D by (1) making an inventory of design principles across three themes: problem framing, design approach, and team composition, and (2) assessing design statements (distilled from the list of design principles) through a two-round Delphi study with a group of ICT4D researchers and practitioners. The results show that while there is a general awareness of the importance of design in ICT4D, a consolidated effort to investigate how design principles can be more effectively integrated with ICT4D is missing. The study further concludes that there is a shift towards co-designing, that it is difficult to design without pre-determined ideas of using ICTs/emerging technologies and that transdisciplinary collaboration has not yet flourished.

Evaluation of an Interactive Computer-Enabled Tabletop Learning Tool for Children with Special Needs

The research on computer mediated interventions and technologies (e.g., digital tabletop tool) that have seminal relevance to the intervention strategies designed for the children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) mostly remain confined within the developed nation. The objective of this study is threefold: firstly, to reveal the design principles to be followed in developing an interactive and affordable computer-enabled table-top tool for the children with special needs; secondly, to develop a physical prototype following the revealed principles; and finally, to evaluate the usability performance of this tool. This study presents a mixed method research while the data collection process includes both ethnographic study and semi-structured interviews of both the teachers and students of a special school dedicated for teaching the children with ASD. As outcomes, along with a list of design principles, and a prototype of a computer-enabled, single touch, single user, and affordable educational intervention tool targeting the children diagnosed with ASD, the results of the empirical evaluation of the prototype demonstrated high effectiveness (72% average success rate for the students vs. 92% for the teachers), efficiency (1.20 minutes average task completion time for the students vs. 0.48 minutes for the teachers) and satisfaction rate (4.46 for the students vs. 4.66 for the teachers out of 5) for the developed tool. Both types of the participants were found satisfied with the usability of the tabletop prototype and positively endorsed its effectiveness in improving the learning environment of the children with special needs.

Design Exploration and Design Exploitation for Additive Manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (AM) has been widely adopted in the product development stage, and in some specific industry sections such as hearing-aids, orthodontics, and rapid prototyping, AM has become the main manufacturing techniques in their toolkit. The number of industrial AM application has been increasing considerably during the last decade, and AM enabled sustainable manufacturing method is becoming more promising. The major industry giants and academic institutions are investing a significant amount of resources and time on AM and its related fields to expend the AM application portfolio in a real industry production environment. I will introduce a serial of articles about the topic: the design exploration and design exploitation for Additive Manufacturing. A systematic hierarchical research architecture is adopted in this project and is divided into three parts: macro-level design, meso-level design, and micro-level design. The level of analysis structure spreads the research topic into different categories. A list of design principles will unfold Macro-level design research. The meso-design will execute the main techniques for innovative design techniques, and the final micro design research will be mainly focused on the micro-level of design contribution. Along with the development of understanding for DfAM, a multi-disciplinary study will also be conducted in the research involving computational design and simulation, virtual prototyping, machine learning, cost analysis, and practical operations related to AM software and hardware. The content includes the theoretical analysis, various case study and my personal research and development experience. The primary research will be around the center of rethinking the DfAM. The contents will include a background introduction for current (DfAM) Design for Additive Manufacturing status, the importance for the AM industry development, and the current constraints of DfAM.

Using Persuasive Systems Design Model to Evaluate "Cuida tu Ánimo": An Internet-Based Pilot Program for Prevention and Early Intervention of Adolescent Depression.

Background: “Cuida tu Ánimo” (CTA [Take Care of Your Mood]) is an internet-based program for prevention and early intervention of adolescent depression implemented in Chile and Colombia. In the pilot application of the program, participants interacted with the program through a website that provided psychoeducational information, chat, and telephone appointments as well as monitoring and feedback messages. To date, most similar programs were not developed taking design features into consideration. The persuasive systems design (PSD) model is a comprehensive framework developed to aid in the design and evaluation of systems capable of influencing users' attitudes or behaviors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the persuasiveness of CTA pilot program using the PSD model.Methods: The methodology used was expert evaluation, where specialists evaluate the program against a list of design principles.Results: Although the PSD model was not used to design the program, system features proposed by PSD were present, mainly “Dialogue support” features. Persuasion context analysis was not carried out by the developers. No aspects of the program could be related to “Primary task support” features because the developers did not define a primary task.Discussion: Key aspects of the PSD model could be incorporated in the CTA program to enhance system persuasiveness and improve adherence.

Developing designs for community development in four types of student teacher groups

It is becoming increasingly important for teachers to collaborate. Teacher community is found to be a fruitful notion when thinking about improving collaboration. Teachers can be prepared for working in such communities during teacher education. We examined how the practice of collaboration within different types of groups in teacher education can be optimised, aiming at an improvement in the shared domain, group identity and shared interactional repertoire of these groups. We included four types of groups: subject matter groups, research groups, mentor groups and reflection groups. Focus groups with teacher educators, student teachers and community experts were conducted to gather ideas for the improvement of the institutional design for community development. Combining these ideas with the research literature, we formulated a list of design principles for each of the types of groups. In conversations with teacher educators, the viability of these principles was reviewed, resulting in particular sets of design principles for each group. These sets consist of principles which are already used within the groups, as well as principles that are completely new to the groups. The design arrangement for the mentor group consists of the largest number of design principles, while the smallest number of principles are applicable to the research group. The procedure used in this study can serve as an example of how to create a design aimed at the development of student teacher groups as social and collaborative learning environments.

Design principles for preschool children’s interactive TV

Preschool children have increased access to media via a number of platforms, including digital interactive television. However, the viewing and interaction needs of this user group have not been extensively researched. The project reported in this paper investigates preschoolers' interactions with a simulated interactive television set-up. The study involved the development of an electronic programme guide prototype and its empirical evaluation. This research was carried out with children in Brazil and in the United Kingdom, aged between three and four. The main issues that arose during the interaction with the prototype application are documented, and a list of design principles is presented to assist in the design of accessible preschool interactive television applications for this age group.

Design principles for global commons: Natural resources and emerging technologies

Ostrom’s design principles for managing common pool resources were developed largely by examining local commons involving natural resources. This paper enumerates several key characteristics that distinguish such commons from more complex commons involving global resources and the risks of emerging technologies. It considers the degree to which the design principles transfer to those commons and concludes that although they have considerable external validity, the list needs some modification and elaboration to apply to global resources and risk commons. A list of design principles is offered for global resource commons and the risks of emerging technologies. Applying Ostrom’s approach to global resources and emerging technologies can improve understanding and expand the solution set for these problems from international treaties, top-down national regulation, and interventions in market pricing systems to include non-governmental institutions that embody principles of self-governance.