Liquid Waste Management System Research Articles

Controlled Substance Liquid Waste Management Systems As Potential Reservoirs for Nosocomial Infection in a Pediatric Hospital.

The purpose of this study was to determine if controlled substance waste management systems (CSWMS) demonstrate microbial growth, and therefore present a potential infection risk to pediatric hospital patients. Twenty CSWMS, either Smart Sink or Pharma Lock systems, located in patient care areas were sampled. Twelve were located in critical care areas. Cultures were obtained by swabbing the drain grate with a sterile swab. Swabs were then transported to the microbiology lab for culture. Each sample was labeled with the location of the CSWMS and each system was photographed. Of the CSWMS sampled, 50% demonstrated bacterial or fungal growth with a total of 15 microorganisms isolated, including 3 systems with Micrococcus luteus, 2 with Aspergillus species, and 2 with -Bacillus cereus. Nine of the 15 microorganisms isolated were from systems in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) followed by 2 microorganisms in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Of the 12 systems sampled in critical care areas, 8 (66%) had positive cultures. Of the 10 systems which demonstrated growth, 9 were Pharma Lock and 1 was Smart Sink. Controlled substance waste management systems harbor potential pathogens and may serve as reservoirs of infectious agents in pediatric hospitals. Microbial growth was identified in more than half of sampled CSWMS located in critical care areas, where the most vulnerable patients are located. Based on this study, a cleaning procedure for CSWMS should be implemented. Further investigation on the relationship between CSWMS and nosocomial infections is warranted.

Pengukuran Kinerja Mesin Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) menggunakan Metode Overall Equipment Efeectiveness

One of the important things in supporting the operational management of the building which is part of the building's mechanical and electrical aspects is the building's domestic liquid waste management system. The availability of liquid waste production cannot be separated from the performance of the Sewage Treatment Plan (STP) machine as a work tool that produces domestic liquid waste production in HDI Hive Menteng Building. STP machine maintenance is one of the important factors in ensuring the quality of liquid waste production in accordance with the Environmental Service (DLH) quality standards. The machine maintenance system can be used as a benchmark for measuring the effectiveness of STP machines. Machine performance with a high rhythm without stopping 24 hours which continues to increase and is comparable to the tenant accoupancy level, of course requires anticipatory action for machine breakdown problems. Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a method used to measure and maximize machine effectiveness based on three categories, namely Availability rate, Performance rate, Quality rate. From the results of calculating the OEE value for the STP machine at PT. Gaia Care International) of 82.96%, in general the OEE value is still below the JIPM standard value, namely greater than 85%. For this reason, in this research, an analysis was carried out using a fishbone diagram, which is used to determine the causes and effects of not achieving the effectiveness of the STP machine. Based on the results of the Fish Bone Diagram analysis with several factors including; Machines, methods, people and materials can be concluded as factors that cause a decrease in the OEE value of STP machines, namely rework losses which are quite high so that they affect the Quality OEE value in STP machine measurements. The proposal given to increase the effectiveness of the STP Machine for controlling Rework Losses is to improve the general cleaning routine and increase the Backwash Pump Capacity in the aeration tank and Inlet.

Efektivitas fitoremidiasi kayu apu (Pistia stratiotes) dan eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dalam memenuhi baku mutu air limbah di instalasi pengolahan air limbah RSUD Kabupaten Badung Mangusada

Hospital liquid waste can be infectious, poisonous and harmful for hospital environment and communities surrounding. The examination result of liquid waste outlet in Mangusada hospital within January - August 2016 showed an increase in free Ammonia (NH3) quality raw at the level of 3.71 mg / L and phosphate (PO 4) up at the level to 3.38 mg / L. To anticipate the pollution of liquid waste which might occur, liquid waste treatment is an absolute option to be required. The objective of this research is to obtain the effectiveness of kayu apu and hyacinth in complying liquid waste quality standard. This research is quasi experiment using non-equivalent control group design with post test. The conclusion of this research showed that liquid waste management system refers to environmental health hospital requirements and it licensed on disposal of water resources and reuse of liquid waste environmental Board of Badung Regency. The results of an independent analysis showed that kayu apu phytoremediation is more (p <0.05) in complying the quality standard especially on the indicator of liquid waste mainly on NH3 and COD. Kayu apu lettuce can be apply as an alternative option in complying quality standard of liquid waste using biology system.

Pelatihan Pengelolaan Sampah Berbasis Masyarakat Di Kelurahan Kampung Makassar Timur

One of the areas in Ternate City, namely Kampung Makasar Timur, where most of the population live above the water, so it seems that this area looks slum because there is no good solid and liquid domestic waste management system. This problem needs to be overcome by systematic, comprehensive, and sustainable waste management which includes reducing and handling waste from its source, namely the community. The purpose of this activity is to help the community by providing explanations and. increasing public insight about the household waste management system, the environment, increasing community participation in the waste management system and promoting household-based waste management as an effort to preserve the environment, this community service activity begins by observing the location of community service to determine the source and volume of waste generation , take an approach to the community, especially among housewives through Dasawisma activities then provide guidance and counseling, to increase awareness and community participation in waste management by utilizing community gathering media at the kelurahan location. Furthermore, he taught the community how to sort waste by type by making Takakura baskets as a household compost producer.

Community liquid waste management system in Gili air tourism area and its management strategy based on a SWOT analysis

Lombok island is one of the international tourism destinations because of its topography and natural beauty which has its own charm for both domestic and foreign tourists. One of the famous marine tourism destinations on the island of Lombok is Gili Air. Most of the waste problems in Gili Air are domestic liquid waste, both from community waste and tourism business waste. This study is a descriptive exploratory study by exploring and describing the liquid waste management system by the community, hotel managers and restaurants in the tourism area of Gili Air. The observations were made in residential areas, hotels and restaurants on Gili Air. The determination of sampling areas and resource persons is determined by purposive sampling. Data were collected by conducting a survey at the research location through direct observation and interviews with informants. SWOT analysis were used to determine a liquid waste management strategy in Gili Air. Based on the study conducted in Gili Air, which includes residential areas, hotels and restaurants, the liquid waste management system is carried out individually using a septic-tank, land use management for wastewater with a septic tank placed at the side / back of the house and a waste management strategy can be implemented by establishing a communal and environmentally friendly waste management facility in the form of a Waste Final Disposal Plant (IPAL) for liquid waste. Â

A Study on the Application of Ion Crystallization Technology to the APR 1400 Liquid Waste Management System

The application of ion crystallization technology was considered as a way to increase the operating efficiency and improve the operating performance of a liquid waste management system (LWMS) in the Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR 1400). Although ion crystallization technology has not been practically applied to Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) until now, a previous experimental study demonstrated that it is possible to selectively remove at least 95% of various nuclide ions present in the liquid radioactive waste of NPPs. We reviewed the possibility of applying ion crystallization technology to the existing LWMS by applying the nuclide removal rate of ion crystallization technology and prepared a way to improve the existing LWMS in the APR 1400. Furthermore, we determined the optimized application location of ion crystallization technology in the existing LWMS by considering decontamination characteristics of the ion crystallization technology and the existing LWMS design features and operating experiences. The application of ion crystallization technology to the liquid waste collection tank, where liquid radioactive materials are collected, will have the least impact on the existing design while providing the greatest improvement. It is expected that the application of ion crystallization technology to the current APR 1400 or new NPPs would increase the operating efficiency of the LWMS and result in an improvement of system performance.

Development of Chemical and Biological Decontamination Technology for Radioactive Liquid Wastes and Feasibility Study for Application to Liquid Waste Management System in APR1400

A decontamination technology for radioactive liquid wastes was newly developed and hypothetically applied to the liquid waste management system (LWMS) of the nuclear power plant (NPP) to evaluate its decontamination efficacy for the purpose of the fundamental reduction of spent resins. The basic principle of the developed technology is to convert major radionuclide ions in the liquid wastes into inorganic crystal minerals via chemical or biological techniques. In a laboratory batch experiment, the biological method selectively removed more than 80% of cesium within 24 hours, and the chemical method removed more than 95% of cesium. Other major nuclides (Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn, Eu), which are commonly present in nuclear radioactive liquid wastes, were effectively scavenged by more than 99%. We have designed a module including the new technology that could be hypothetically installed between the reverse osmosis (R/O) package and the organic ion-exchange resin in the LWMS of the APR1400 reactor. From a technical evaluation for the virtual installation, we found that more than 90% of major radionuclides in the radioactive liquid wastes were selectively removed, resulting in a large volume reduction of spent resins. This means that if the new technology is commercialized in the future, it could possibly provide drastic cost reduction and significant extension of the life of resins in the management of spent resins, consequently leading to delay the saturation time of the Wolsong repository.

Performance Improvement of Liquid Waste Management System for APR1400

The Liquid Waste Management System (LWMS) is a radioactive waste storage and treatment facility equipped in the nuclear power plants to ensure the safe management of radioactive waste generated in the process of operation. New and improved materials and processes are continuously under consideration and development in various countries to reduce waste generation and to minimize costs. To meet the increasing pressure to reduce the release of radioactive into the environment, this study discusses the possible performance improvements of the existing liquid waste management system of APR1400 without additional equipment installation or design changes of the system. This study proposes three possible items for improvement of the Advanced Power Reactor 1400 (APR1400) liquid waste management system which are chemical additions, increasing ion exchange (I.X.) selectivity and optimal operation conditions to reduce the radioactivity concentration in the effluent and solid waste generation. The results of off-site dose calculated by ENDOS-L shows that maximum individual dose is reduced by 12.7% from original values. And the reduction of solid waste generation from the extended replacement period of the membrane is expected to reduce the annual disposal cost by 16.7% from original cost. Improvements do not involve equipment modification so these can be easily applied to currently operating NPPs. It will be helpful to reduce the offsite public dose and operating cost of Nuclear Power Plants(NPPs).

HOTEL HIJAU SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENGURANGAN DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN

Nowadays, eviromental management has gotten a fully attention. Then, hospitality industry in East Java Province has committed to the Eco Friendly Enviroment needs a deep investigation in order to analyze a practical managment of hotel product which uses an eviromental friendly method in improving efficiency of energy, water, air quality, and solid waste management and liquid waste management system. This research used a descriptive qualitatif method which chracterized causuality and using a survey method. Data were collected by using an istitutional-perceptional approach and were analyzed by using enviromental performance scale from 1 to 5 point toward Green Hotel practice. The conclusion from the investigation result are; 45% hotel understand the concept and green product implementation. 50% hotel reuse the water to pour the garden. 40% about operating procedure such as towel reuse and bed sheet. 90% of the hotel already use VRV air-conditioner which can adjust the temperature suitable with the number of the people in the room and its automatically turn off when there are no people in the room. 45% shows that hotel provide dispenser to combine shampoo and conditioner (hair moisturizer) in one product so it will decrease the plastic waste.

Development of an Automotive Liquid Waste Management System for the BSU-CIT Automotive Technology Department

This action research aimed to identify the various problems and issues arising from the day-to-day operations of the automotive repair shop in terms of proper automotive liquid waste management and from these problems, to develop an Automotive Liquid Waste Management System for the BSU-CIT Automotive Technology Department. The respondents of this study were the 77 faculty members and selected students from the College of Industrial Technology Automotive Technology in the BSU Main Campus for the school year of 2013-2014. The main survey instrument used in this study is the standardized Survey Questionnaire on Automotive Liquid Waste Management of www.spokanewastewater.org. The said instrument was slightly modified to fit the research locale and conditions of the study. Based on the results of this study, the AT department services an average of 3 vehicles per day, with usual operating hours of 4 hours a day. It also commonly offers the following services namely: oil change, brake and engine repair. The most common type of equipment found in the AT department is the vehicle lift, part washer and oil drum rack. In addition, the most common type of liquid automotive waste products generated is the used motor oil (15 - 20 liters) and the used brake fluid (4 liters and below). Finally, the respondents all “Agree” that there is a need to recycle used oil and that there is also a procedure in handling and disposing liquid automotive waste. On the basis of the foregoing significant findings and conclusions of this study, the following recommendations are offered: 1) the CIT should sponsor orientation seminars regarding liquid automotive waste for both students and teachers in the AT Department; 2) the teachers continue to strive to continuously look for creative ways to minimize and recycle various automotive liquid wastes; 3) the teachers are encouraged to manifest favorable values in caring for the environment to their students; and 4) the school administration may also consider the implementation of the proposed liquid automotive waste manual to further improve the current practices in the AT Department.

A nitrogen budget for Denmark; developments between 1990 and 2010, and prospects for the future

A nitrogen (N) budget for Denmark has been developed for the years 1990 to 2010, describing the inputs and outputs at the national scale and the internal flows between relevant sectors of the economy. Satisfactorily closing the N budgets for some sectors of the economy was not possible, due to missing or contradictory information. The budgets were nevertheless considered sufficiently reliable to quantify the major flows. Agriculture was responsible for the majority of inputs, though fisheries and energy generation also made significant contributions. Agriculture was the main source of N input to the aquatic environment, whereas agriculture, energy generation and transport all contributed to emissions of reactive N gases to the atmosphere. Significant reductions in inputs of reactive N have been achieved during the 20 years, mainly by restricting the use of N for crop production and improving livestock feeding. This reduction has helped reduce nitrate leaching by about half. Measures to limit ammonia emissions from agriculture and mono-nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from energy generation and transport, has reduced gaseous emissions of reactive N. Much N flows through the food and feed processing industries and there is a cascade of N through the consumer to solid and liquid waste management systems. The budget was used to frame a discussion of the potential for further reductions in losses of reactive N to the environment. These will include increasing the recycling of N between economic sectors, increasing the need for the assessment of knock-on effects of interventions within the context of the national N cycle.

EVALUASI SISTEM PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH CAIR DI RUMAH SAKIT PARU SURABAYA

Hospital activities could be potentially reduces the quality of the environment and publichealth, especially from the medical home activities. One of this activity produces liquid wastethat are harmful to the hospital environment and the surrounding community if the disposal isnot treated before discharge into the water streams, thus it is important to monitoring andhandling in the hospital environment.This research is a descriptive study with the aim to describe the existing condition ofthe Waste Management System on Pulmonary Hospital at Surabaya. This research is useful tothe Hospital in order to improve their tunnel and immediately running the IPAL to reduce thelevels of pollutants and becomes the safe environment.The results of this study showed that the effluent liquid waste on Pulmonary Hospital atSurabaya has not been in compliance with the State Environmental Ministerial Decree ofRepublic Indonesia No : MEP - 58/MENLH/XIII/1995 because in the results of laboratoryexaminations was conducted on May 11, 2013 as the parameters of BOD, COD, TSS, and MPN,the coli bacteria/100 obtain a percentage of 134 ml mg/I, 237 mg/I, 20 mg/I and 9 x 10-8MPN/100 ml which is not considered feasible due to exceeding quality standards for liquidwaste Constanta to be dispose in water streams. Problems that exist in pulmonary hospitalsnowadays is the liquid waste treatment system due to discharge of liquid waste generated fromvarious sources is not running yet and it does not meet the capacity of the existing IPAL,irregularities found in the existing management system in a pulmonary hospital Surabaya, afterinvestigators traced by researchers there are some pipelines that leak or loss of liquid wastethat directly flows in drainage tunnels, and the sump apparently are not water resistant, and itcaused the water seep or seep into the ground.It is advisable for the pulmonary hospital at Surabaya to improve the liquid wastesystems, from the source to the hospitals liquid waste treatment such as repairing tunnels andfixing the sump. And the most important thing is to immediately run the existing IPAL inpulmonary hospital Surabaya so that the disposal of liquid waste can be reducing the levels ofpollutants and does not pollute or adversely affects the hospital environment or the localcommunity.Keywords: Liquid waste management systems, hospital liquid waste,PENDAHULUANLatar BelakangHospital liquid waste impacts.

The 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquakes: impact on the liquid waste management system of Christchurch, New Zealand

This paper describes the impacts of the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquakes on the city of Christchurch's liquid waste management system (i.e. the infrastructure associated with wastewater collection, treatment and disposal). The effect on each unit operation and process is documented along with the ‘state of progress’ of their repair. Significant problems arose because liquefaction caused massive amounts of silt to enter the sewerage network. This affected the next system in line by overloading the main solids-handling facilities of the wastewater treatment plant. One of the quakes (22 February 2011) also resulted in a loss of power to the plant with several downstream processes in the system failing because of the difficulty of foreseeing what would happen when power was restored. Observations are offered in respect to lessons learned from the disaster, and these include issues surrounding toilet deployment and the interaction between the various components of a city's liquid waste management system.

Coping with house waste management in Cotonou

This paper describes how the restructuring process of the 1990s has improved the solid and liquid house waste management systems in Cotonou, the largest urban area of Benin – but also how the deepening economic crisis impinges on the proper functioning of this process, which is why results achieved through sectoral planning are meagre when compared to expectation. Its main focus is on the structural and organizational aspects of the reforms with an emphasis on liquid and solid house waste management. Stakeholder and institutional analyses are used to evaluate their impact. These show persistent government failure – mainly with regard to coordinating different actors and activities, supplying supportive infrastructure, and taking needed steps towards instituting a real dialogue between all stakeholders. The piecemeal approach to interventions by diverse actors is damaging to the reforms and more government intervention is needed in these areas of the provision process for effective and efficient waste management systems.

Coping with house waste management in Cotonou

This paper describes how the restructuring process of the 1990s has improved the solid and liquid house waste management systems in Cotonou, the largest urban area of Benin – but also how the deepening economic crisis impinges on the proper functioning of this process, which is why results achieved through sectoral planning are meagre when compared to expectation. Its main focus is on the structural and organizational aspects of the reforms with an emphasis on liquid and solid house waste management. Stakeholder and institutional analyses are used to evaluate their impact. These show persistent government failure – mainly with regard to coordinating different actors and activities, supplying supportive infrastructure, and taking needed steps towards instituting a real dialogue between all stakeholders. The piecemeal approach to interventions by diverse actors is damaging to the reforms and more government intervention is needed in these areas of the provision process for effective and efficient waste management systems.