Liquid Phosphorus Research Articles

Assessing the impacts of experimental mid-rotation forest fertiliser treatments on water quality

Background: Planted forests face on-going challenges to increase productivity while remaining within sustainable limits. Forest management activities that potentially impact on water quality are under increasing public scrutiny and regulatory controls. New Zealand’s forest industry is experimenting with aerially applied, mid-rotation fertiliser treatments as a sustainable option to increase productivity from planted forests. However, the effect of such applications on water quality requires investigation. Methods: Field trials were established to assess the effects of two conventional fertiliser applications (either granular di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) or granular urea) and a new-to-forestry liquid foliar fertiliser blend, on nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in stream water of three planted forest sites representing a range of New Zealand climatic and soil environments. Results: Overall, the liquid foliar fertiliser treatment had the least impact on water quality compared with the two conventional fertiliser treatments. On the day of fertiliser application, when compared with pre-treatment in-stream concentrations, the urea treatments resulted in short-term increases in total nitrogen. The DAP treatment increased total phosphorus and dissolved reactive phosphorus concentrations with peak concentrations declining within hours. In the post-application period, any increases in nutrient concentrations in stream water were mainly associated with rainfall events within six months of application and at one site, the resumption of stream flow following a dry spell. Riparian ‘no-spray’ buffers of varying widths assisted in mediating the impacts of fertiliser applications. Conclusions: Initial evidence from these trials indicates that mid-rotation fertiliser treatments have the potential to provide an alternate management option to increase forest productivity or disease resilience with minimal or only short-term effects to water quality. However, further research on their environmental effects would support the development of guidelines specific to mid-rotation fertiliser applications, particularly if mid-rotation fertiliser applications become standard management practice in the forest industry.

Isolation of the inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria Lysinibacillus sphaericus and assessing its role in promoting rice growth.

Soluble phosphorus scarcity severely limits plant growth and crop yield. In this study, a strain of inorganic phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, was isolated from rice rhizosphere soil. The available phosphorus content in liquid inorganic phosphorus identification medium and in L. sphaericus-inoculated soil increased from 204.28mg/L to 1124.68mg/L and from 4.75mg/kg to 7.04mg/kg, respectively. The pH decreased significantly from 6.87 to 6.14. Incubation with L. sphaericus significantly increased malic and succinic acid content in the liquid inorganic phosphorus identification medium and increased acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity in the soil. Inoculation with L. sphaericus significantly increased rice growth, chlorophyll a/b content, and photosynthesis by increasing the soluble phosphorus content in the rice rhizosphere soil under phosphorus-deficient conditions. Further analysis revealed that L. sphaericus improved soil phosphorus release by decreasing soil pH and promoting acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity. This study supports the production of microbial fertilizers to improve rice yield in phosphorus-deficient conditions.

Influences of reaction parameters and complexation pretreatments on the distribution of phosphorus during hydrothermal carbonization of dewatered sewage sludge

This study investigated the effects of reaction parameters and pretreatments with complexing agents, namely ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), glutamate diacetic acid (GLDA), and citric acid (CA), on the phosphorus contents and forms in the sludge hydrothermal carbonization products. The results showed that reaction temperature had the greatest effect on the distribution and forms of phosphorus in liquid and solid products. High reaction temperatures inhibited the transfer of phosphorus from the solid phase to the liquid phase. Indeed, the proportions of phosphorus in the liquid phases only accounted for 3.56 % at reaction temperature and time of 160 °C and 60 min, respectively. However, this proportion increased to 16.32, 12.62, and 13.15 % following complexation pretreatments with EDTA, GLDA, and CA at 0.1 mol/L, respectively. In addition, the complexation pretreatments enhanced the transfer of phosphorus from the solid phase to the liquid phase. The total phosphorus contents in the liquid phase (TPL) reached 896.46 mg/L. The finding can be explained by the binding of the complexing agents with metal ions, such as Mg, Ca, Al, and Fe, transferring phosphorus originally bound to these metal ions to the liquid phase. In addition, the results demonstrated the effectiveness of the magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) crystallization method for recovering phosphorus from the EDTA-pretreated liquid product. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses showed high purity and crystallinity of the obtained struvite to some extent.

Влияние севооборотов на плодородие выщелоченных чернозёмов Южного Урала

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to establish the degree of influence of crop rotations and mineral nutrition backgrounds on the fertility of leached chernozem. A comparative assessment of the main nutrition elements of humus, nitrogen of easily hydrolyzable, mobile phosphorus of plants in dynamics in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Chelyabinsk region, in various crop rotations on two fertilization backgrounds P and NP was carried out. Methods. The research was carried out in a long-term field experiment on the land-use territory of the Chelyabinsk Research Institute from 1998 to 2021. Humus, total nitrogen and easily hydrolyzable nitrogen were determined in soil samples according to the method of I. V. Tyurin and M. M. Kononova in the modification of V. N. Kudeyarov, mobile phosphorus according to F. V. Chirikov. Results. According to the results of our research, it was found that, on average, over the years of observations 1998–2021, the humus content due to the crop rotation factor changed by 0.2 %, according to the fertilization backgrounds by 0.8 %. The nitrogen content of the total over the years of research increased in all crop rotation options from 20 to 55 %, regardless of the background fertilization. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the nitrogen content of the easily hydrolyzed significantly depends on the background of mineral nutrition and the conditions of the year, on average for 1998–2021, the decrease in nitrogen of the easily hydrolyzed was 17–22 %. On average, according to the variants of the experiment for 1998–2021, the process of assimilation of liquid phosphorus against the background of NP is more intensive by 8 %. A strong correlation was established between the productivity of crop rotations and total nitrogen against the background of P in 1998 and 2013, nitrogen easily hydrolyzed in 1998 and 2021, mobile phosphorus for all the years of research. The scientific novelty. Monitoring of the assessment of the state of soil fertility makes it possible to monitor, as well as diagnose the degree of anthropogenic impact, make appropriate adjustments to ensure high productivity of crop rotations in a changing climate.

Effect of Different levels of Liquid Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. italica) in Hydroponic

Hydroponics is a Plant growing procedure in water. The experiment was carried out to find out the effect of different levels of NPK on growth, yield and quality of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica). The variety was “Green Magic” which is F1 hybrid. They were bought from the local market of “Alopibag” Prayagraj. The present experiment was carried out from October, 2021 to January, 2022 in Shade Net Research Field, Department of Horticulture, SHUATS, Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design (RBD), with eight treatments T1(8.12ml NPK/Pl), T2(9.37ml NPK/Pl), T3(10.62ml NPK/Pl), T4(11.87ml NPK/Pl), T5(13.12ml NPK/Pl), T6(14.37ml NPK/Pl), T7(15.62ml NPK/Pl), with a control (T0), replicated thrice in nutrient field technique (NFT) hydroponics system. The best result was shown by the treatment T6.The initiation of curd formation, growth of plant and chlorophyll content all parameter were superior in T6. The plants in T0 do not show any significant improvement as there were no nutrients given to them. The systems ran 4 hours daily during their vegetative growth and the timing was increased to 6 hours during their reproductive phase of development. Curd formation occurs in almost all plants in every treatment.

P–T Phase Diagram of Phosphorus Revisited

Melting and phase transitions of phosphorus allotropes have been studied in the 2–11 GPa pressure range using in situ electrical resistivity measurements and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. It was found that the melting curve of rhombohedral phosphorus exhibits a positive slope of 58(2) K/GPa and crosses the rhombohedral–simple cubic phase boundary (negative slope of −420(70) K/GPa) at about 8.3 GPa and 1490 K. The melting slope of simple cubic phosphorus can be estimated to be +300(90) K/GPa. Calculations of phosphorus phase equilibria have been performed using our experimental and literature data within the framework of the phenomenological thermodynamics. The constructed equilibrium p–T phase diagram accurately describes the experimentally observed phase relations in solid and liquid phosphorus up to 12 GPa and 2000 K.

Ionic liquid passivated black phosphorus for stabilized compliant electronics

Ionic liquid passivated black phosphorus for stabilized compliant electronics

Developed for Hose Reel Irrigation Machines Determining Working Success of TURPO CLK FS Hardware

The aim of this study is determining of the working performance of the a new fertigation system (TURPO CLK FS) that developed for hose reel irrigation machines (HRIM). As a liquid fertilizers nitrogen and phosphorus were used. The HRIM was operated under two different irrigation water pressures (5 and 2.5 bar) conditions. The dosing pump was operated for two different frequencies (150 and 300 pulse/min). Field experiments were realised by using two different liquid chemical fertilizers and measured of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) values. According to evaluation when using nitrogen fertilizer pH values ranged between 8.40 - 8.59, EC values 602.92 - 915.83 µS/cm, and the TDS values 294.17 - 451.25 mg/L at all sets. When using phosphorus fertilizer, pH values ranged between 7.13 - 8.03, EC values 485.42 - 519.58 µS/cm, and TDS values 236.25 - 252.92 mg/L. And then the Christiansen Coefficient of Uniformity (CCU) was calculated over 24 samples in each set. The CCU values were founded between 95.02% - 99.95%. As the result it has been concluded that the TURPO CLK FS could be used together with HRIM during fertigation applications.

Effects of environmental factors on phosphorus adsorption capacity and release risk in lake sediments

Sediment is an important part of the lake and reservoir ecosystem, and also an important "source" and "sink" of pollutants. In this paper, sediment A (Xinlicheng Reservoir Sediments), sediment B (eutrophic lake reservoir sediments) and soil C (topsoil at the inflow of Yitong River near Xinlicheng Reservoir) are used as research objects, and batch experiments are used to study the adsorption capacity and release risk of phosphorus (P). The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for phosphorus accounted for 91.51–99.63% of the total adsorption capacity within 0–120 min; when the background liquid phosphorus concentration is lower, soil and sediment all have different degrees of phosphorus release. By this time soil and sediment is the "source" of pollutants; when the phosphorus concentration is 10 mg/L, the maximum adsorption capacity is 116.19–428.91 mg/kg, and the adsorption capacity of sediment A is 2.41 times and that of soil C and sediment B, respectively. 3.69 times, indicating that if phosphorus enters the water body from the soil due to surface runoff and other factors, the sediment has a strong adsorption capacity for phosphorus, that is, soil and sediment is an effective "sink" of phosphorus; the Henry equation is used to fit the P adsorption isotherm effect. Preferably, and r is greater than 0.968. The amount of phosphorus absorbed by sediment A and sediment B is affected by pH higher than that of soil C. When the value of pH is 7, the adsorption amount is the largest; the P induced lake eutrophication risk index (ERI) of sediment A, sediment B and soil C is sediment B > soil C > sediment A. As the temperature of sediment and soil rises, the ERI index of phosphorus gradually decreases.

Evaluation of liquid phosphorus fertilizers and fulvic acids in a potato crop in an Andisol type soil

Andisols are soils derived from volcanic ash that are characterized by high concentrations of phosphorus (P). However, most of the P is not readily available for plant uptake due to the physical–chemical properties of the soils. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the effects of liquid P fertilizers on the plant growth and yield of a potato crop cultivated in Andisol type soil located in southern Chile. Ten treatments were applied pre- and/or postemergence, including orthophosphate- or ammonium polyphosphatebased fertilizers applied alone or in combination with fulvic acid and granular fertilizers; in addition, an unfertilized control (T0) was also included. Significant differences were found in terms of yield, total number of stems, and tuber size. The application of liquid fertilizers resulted in similar levels of foliar P content, while the number of stems was higher with the combined application of ammonium polyphosphate and fulvic acid. Furthermore, liquid P fertilizers increased crop yield (38%) and the proportion of large tubers (17%). The effects of orthophosphate and polyphosphate liquid fertilizers on potato were enhanced by the addition of fulvic acid to the soil.

The Effect of Top G2 Liquid Organic Fertilizer and SP-36 Fertilizer on Peanut Plant Growth and Yield

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of the administration of Top G2 liquid organic fertilizer and SP-36 fertilizer on peanut crop yields, to know the dose of SP-36 fertilizer and Top G2 liquid organic fertilizer that can produce the best peanut crop results and to know the interaction of liquid organic fertilizer Top G2 and SP-36 fertilizer in improving the yield of peanut crops. The design used in this study is a Randomized Group Design (RGD) factorial pattern. This treatment consists of two factors: First Factor: Concentration of POC Top G2 consisting of OC0: No POC Top G2, OC1: POC Top G2 4 cc ltr air-1petak-1 OC2: POC Top G2 8 cc ltr water-1Swath-1; The second factor: Fertilizer Dose P (SP36) consists of P0: Without SP36 fertilizer; P1: 300 kg ha-1; Q2: 400 kg ha-1. The results showed that the administration of g2 top liquid organic fertilizer with a concentration of 8 cc ltr water-1 produced the highest plant height of 20.75 cm tan-1, the number of leaves 27.36 strands of tan-1, the number of pods 39.89 tan-1 and the harvest index 0.326. The interaction of g2 top liquid organic fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer increases the weight of dried seeds harvesting crops, i.e. in the treatment of liquid fertilizer concentration top G2 8 cc ltr water-1 plot-1 with a seed weight of 235 g tan-1. Cultivation of peanut crops should use liquid organic fertilizer top G2 concentration eight cc tr water-1 tile-1 and need further research using higher concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer top G2 to see the optimum needs of peanut crops.

Enhanced performance of solar cell with n+ emitter by SiO2 nanospheres assisted liquid phosphorus diffusion

In order to improve the quality of n+ emitter fabricated by phosphorus doping, SiO2 nanospheres were added into a phosphoric acid solution for spin-on doping. Through a complete analysis of the trade-off between the diffusion uniformity and sheet resistance, the particle size of SiO2 nanospheres is selected to be 230 nm. It is found that with the increase of phosphoric acid concentration from 50% to 85%, the average sheet resistance decreases from 128.5 Ω/sq to 18.1 Ω/sq, and the diffusion uniformity increased from 95.2% to 98.5%. In a large concentration range, the surface doping concentration of the emitter will increase with phosphoric acid, but when the concentration of phosphoric acid reaches 80%, the surface doping concentration will be almost unchanged. Nevertheless, different from above, the p-n junction depth has little dependence on the phosphoric acid concentration. Moreover, the efficiencies in the solar cell center and edge are enhanced by 40.54% and 88.08% respectively using SiO2 nanospheres assisted diffusion.

Phosphate removal from municipal wastewater by alginate-like exopolymers hydrogels recovered from aerobic granular sludge

This worked assessed the potential of alginate-like exopolymers (ALE) hydrogels recovered from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in removing compounds commonly present in municipal wastewater. Batch sorption experiments were performed with ALE hydrogels at different operating conditions. Results showed that ALE hydrogels can only remove phosphate, at removal efficiencies of up to 90.8% and practical loadings of 1.22 ± 0.07 mg PO43−-P/g TSALE. Phosphate removal was observed even in the presence of competing ions. Moreover, neutral to acidic pH values strongly impaired the phosphate removal (28.9 ± 0.8% at pH = 6.00), while basic pH at around 8.50 was the most favourable (up to 90.8% at pH = 8.67). However, ALE hydrogels contributed to the increase in COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in the bulk liquid, what suggests that ALE need to be further tailored. Therefore, this study demonstrates that ALE represent a relevant approach for the recovery of phosphates from municipal wastewater.

Economic efficiency of balanced fertilisation systems for table potatoes with macro- and meso-elements on dark grey podzolic soil using liquid phosphorus fertilisers

Economic efficiency of balanced fertilisation systems for table potatoes with macro- and meso-elements on dark grey podzolic soil using liquid phosphorus fertilisers

Економічна ефективність збалансованих схем удобрення картоплі столової макро- і мезоелементами на темно-сірому опідзоленому ґрунті за використання рідких фосфоровмісних добрив

Економічна ефективність збалансованих схем удобрення картоплі столової макро- і мезоелементами на темно-сірому опідзоленому ґрунті за використання рідких фосфоровмісних добрив

Li‐Ion Batteries: Laser‐Assisted Ultrafast Exfoliation of Black Phosphorus in Liquid with Tunable Thickness for Li‐Ion Batteries (Adv. Energy Mater. 31/2020)

Li‐Ion Batteries: Laser‐Assisted Ultrafast Exfoliation of Black Phosphorus in Liquid with Tunable Thickness for Li‐Ion Batteries (Adv. Energy Mater. 31/2020)

Epoxy resin compositions containing liquid phosphorus flame retardants used in infusion technology

This study investigates the impact of the type and amount of liquid phosphorus flame retardant additive on the flammability and mechanical properties of epoxy compositions dedicated to the infusion process. To this purpose, epoxy resin (EP) compositions containing 10 and 20 wt % of liquid ammonium polyphosphate (APPL) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) were obtained. Mechanical properties and flame resistance of obtained epoxy compositions were determined in terms of their use as a matrix in laminate infusion technology. Based on the results obtained, it was found, that the flame resistance increases, while the mechanical properties decreases with flame retardant loading. The best flame resistance results were obtained for a composite containing 20 wt % APPL: limiting oxygen index LOI = 23.9% instead of 19.8% – EP, peak of heat release rate pHRR = 427.3 kW/m2 instead of 1046.3 kW/m2 – EP.

Laser‐Assisted Ultrafast Exfoliation of Black Phosphorus in Liquid with Tunable Thickness for Li‐Ion Batteries

AbstractFew‐layer black phosphorus (BP) is an emerging 2D material suitable for energy applications. However, its controllable preparation remains challenging. Herein, a highly efficient route is presented for the scalable production of few‐layered BP nanosheets using a pulsed laser in low‐boiling point solvents. Changing the laser irradiation time, energy, and solvent type leads to precise control over the layer number and lateral size of the nanosheets with a narrow distribution. The process is understood by a plasma quenching mechanism and interlayer interaction weakened by the in situ generated vapor bubbles. The excellent control of the BP nanosheets enables morphological effects on Li‐ion battery performance to be studied. Low layer numbers benefit both charge transfer and Li+ ion diffusion, while a high aspect ratio can not only improve the charge transfer but also increase the Li+ ion diffusion path. This study delivers insights on the tailored fabrication of thin 2D materials using lasers for morphology‐dependent electrochemical energy conversion and storage.

Migration and transformation of phosphorus in waste activated sludge during ozonation.

For phosphorus (P) recovery from waste activated sludge (WAS), the most important step is to release P into the solution. This study aimed to explore the migration and transformation of P in WAS during ozonation based on the Standards Measurements and Testing Program analysis. The results showed that WAS contained 7.10% P element and could be selected as potential substitution of phosphate rock. Inorganic phosphorus (IP) was the major P fraction in raw WAS (68.10%), and non-apatite inorganic phosphorus (NAIP) occupied 62.40% of IP. Ozonation facilitated the P application in agriculture as the bio-available P in the solid phase increased by 23.63% at ozone dosage 0.20 gO3/gSS. The highest concentration of total phosphorus in liquid (TP(L)) (40.68mg/L) was achieved at ozone dosage 0.20 gO3/gSS, and 89.62% of TP(L) was PO43--P, which was easy to be recovered by struvite precipitation. The contributions of different P fractions in solid phase to TP(L) were related to ozone dosage. The analysis of P mass balance suggested that the optimum ozone dosage for P recovery was 0.15 O3/gSS.

Enhancement of phosphorus release from waste activated sludge by electrochemical treatment

ABSTRACT The enhancement of phosphorus (P) released from waste activated sludge (WAS) by electrochemical treatment was investigated in this study. Results showed that the concentration of orthophosphate (ortho-P) and organic phosphorus (OP) in liquid both increased after electrochemical treatment. The ortho-P and OP concentration reached a maximum of 5.020 and 1.888 mg/L under the optimal condition respectively (voltage of 4.5 V and time of 60 min), which were 2.86 and 4.93 times higher than that in raw sludge. Meanwhile, the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in this process was also studied. The variation trends of P-release in tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) and loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) were different. In TB-EPS, the concentration of total phosphorus (TP) and ortho-P decreased when the voltage increased. In contrast, the concentration of TP and ortho-P in LB-EPS increased and reached the maximum under the optimal condition. Released metal ions (Ca, Mg, Fe, and Al) had some effects on P-release both in liquid and EPS, which indicated that EPS played an important role. SCOD and TSS revealed that the disintegration of sludge was also enhanced by electrochemical treatment. Additionally, the P fractions in sludge phase suggested that OP was more likely to be released in liquid phase.