Liquid Organic Fertilizer Research Articles

PENDAMPINGAN TEKNIS APLIKASI BAHAN ORGANIK EKSOGEN PADA LAHAN HORTIKULTURA KELOMPOK TANI MEKAR BARU DI DESA WAIMITAL KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT

Providing exogenous organic materials is a very important ingredient in efforts to safely improve soil productivity, so that the resulting products are safe for consumption and free from chemical contamination. The application of organic fertilizer to horticultural land will directly affect crop yields. The aim of community service on horticultural land in the Mekar Baru farmer group in Waimital village is as an effort to assist and strengthen the plant cultivation system for farmers in maintaining land productivity and sustainable production based on the application of organic fertilizer. The method used is technical assistance to farmers during plant cultivation. The results of the technical assistance provided show that new awareness has been built in the horticultural plant cultivation system. This indicator shows that the application of liquid organic fertilizer to several horticultural plants on farmers' land is better than on land that does not receive organic fertilizer.

SOSIALISASI DAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH DAPUR (SAYURAN) UNTUK PEMBUATAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR DI DESA NUANEA KECAMATAN AMAHAI KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

This research was conducted in contry Nua Nea, Amahai subdistrict, Central Maluku Regency, to over come the problem of lack of fertilizer subsidies and high fertilizer prices. The aim is to provide solutions to farmers through socialization and production of liquid organic fertilizer (POC). The research involves KKN activies that involve students in assisting the community. The material presented includes the benefits of kitchen waste as a source of nutrients and methods for making POC. The research results show that this activity provides new knowledge to the community and incraises awareness of environmental cleanlinees the agricultural potential and environmental cleanliness of Nua Nea state.

Innovative organic nutrient management and land arrangements improve soil health and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in an organic farming system

IntroductionSoil health is vital for ecosystems, but excessive use of fertilizers, chemicals, and irrigation harms soil fertility, leading to reduced yields and degradation. Thus, exploring innovative land arrangements and nutrient management for staple crops such as wheat is essential. Organic farming offers a promising solution. This study hypothesized that an appropriate land arrangement, combined with split applications of farmyard manure (FYM) and liquid organic fertilizer, can enhance wheat productivity while also improving soil health. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different sowing methods and organic nutrient management practices on the productivity of wheat and soil health.MethodsThis study aimed to examine the impact of sowing methods and nutrient management practices on soil health and organic wheat productivity during the winter seasons of 2021–22 and 2022–23 at the Organic Farming Unit (Agronomy), Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design, with three land arrangements/sowing methods in the main plot and eight nutrient management approaches in the subplots.ResultsConcerning different land arrangements, the furrow irrigated raised bed sowing (FIRB) method resulted in the maximum wheat yield (4.34 t ha−1) compared with flat row sowing and zero tillage sowing. With respect to nutrient management practices, 75% of the recommended dose of N (RDN) through the FYM was basal + 25% RDN with the 1st irrigation + Jeevamrut application at 500 L ha−1 during sowing, and the 1st irrigation + Panchagavya spraying at 5% during the booting stage resulted in the highest grain yield (4.47 t ha−1). Both the zero tillage and FIRB land arrangements resulted in better soil biological activities and microbial counts than did flat sowing. The results indicate that sowing wheat via the FIRB method, with the recommended nitrogen dose applied through split applications of FYM along with liquid organic manures such as Jeevamrut and Panchagavya, can be an excellent option for organic wheat cultivation. This approach can enhance both yield and soil health.ConclusionSeventy-five percent RDN through FYM as a basal + 25% RDN during the 1st irrigation + Jeevamrut at 500 L ha−1 during sowing and the 1st irrigation + spraying of Panchagavya at 5% during the booting stage effectively increased the growth and yield of organic wheat. With respect to land arrangements, both FIRB and zero tillage resulted in better growth, yield, and soil biological properties. The practical utility of this study is the optimization of split applications of FYM and land arrangements for organic wheat cultivation.

Determining effective waste human hair hydrolyzing parameters combination and its typical physicochemical characteristics in synthesizing liquid nitrogenous organic fertilizer

Discarded Human hairs are considered as waste material in most parts of the world and its accumulation causing several environmental problems. However as a potential material resource, human hair has the advantage that it is completely biodegradable, renewable and available in every locality. Thus reutilizing human hair cut discards with a target of extracting a particular major nutrient supply, namely nitrogen, carbon, sulfur and so forth, can create a positive impact on solving soil’s infertility problems and less productivity issues of concerned agrarian communities. This study has tried to develop waste human hair based bio-fertilizer by primarily identify the better performing hydrolyzing mixture rang of formulation (H5), ratio of human hair waste mass to aqueous hydrolyzer mixture usages (1:5), favorable reacting time ( 90 min) and temperature ( 70 oC) values progressively. Then the physicochemical characteristics were analyzed to reveal the resulted final product’s viscosity (~ 76.0 cp.), density (~ 1.17 gm/l), pH (~ pH 9), organic nutrients availability concerning primary Macronutrients (~ 18:0.03:1 N-P-K ratio ), Secondary Macronutrients (~ 0.13:0:7 Ca-Mg-S ratio) and other trace micronutrient constituents; which are considered as requirements for the soil nutrient enrichments and plant growths.

Effect of Artificial Humic Acids Derived from Municipal Sludge on Plant Growth, Soil Fertility, and Dissolved Organic Matter

Due to its high nutrient utilization efficiency, liquid organic fertilizer has become a research hotspot in the field of agricultural planting. Artificial humic acids, which are near-nature products, can be deemed as a green liquid organic fertilizer, but few studies have been reported, which has limited their further application. In this study, artificial humic acids were derived from municipal sludge, and their effect on rice growth, soil fertility, and dissolved organic matter was investigated using multi-chamber root box experiments. The shoot and root biomass of rice can be significantly enhanced by artificial humic acids, and the heavy metal concentration in rice was within safe limits. Artificial humic acids can limit the decrease in soil pH, especially in the far-rhizosphere zone, and improve the distribution of nutrients in the rhizosphere, near-rhizosphere, and far-rhizosphere zones. The use of artificial humic acids led to a significant decrease in soil electrical conductivity. The dissolved organic carbon content in the root zone was significantly increased, and the fluorescence intensity of dissolved organic matter in the rhizosphere was significantly increased. The proportion of specific components of dissolved organic matter was just slightly changed in the rhizosphere and near-rhizosphere zones. Artificial humic acids promoted the humification of dissolved organic matter in the near-rhizosphere and far-rhizosphere zones. The findings indicate that the environmental impact of artificial humic acids is significantly different from conventional chemical fertilizers, and they show huge potential in the agriculture field.

Implementasi Pertanian Berkelanjutan melalui Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair di Karot, Kabupaten Manggarai

Excessive use of synthetic fertilizers causes a decrease in soil fertility, which can reduce crop production. Making liquid organic fertilizer (POC) from vegetable and fruit waste can reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers and support sustainable agriculture. The Golo Curu Permai farmer group has never implemented sustainable agriculture. This activity aims to reduce synthetic fertilizers' use to support sustainable agriculture and increase the knowledge and skills of farmer groups in producing liquid organic fertilizers independently. This activity was carried out at the Golo Curu Permai farmer group in Karot Village, Langke Rembong District, Manggarai Regency, with a total of 15 participants and through activity methods in the form of coordination and field surveys, extension, training or demonstration and evaluation. Evaluation is carried out by analyzing the initial test results before training (pre-test) and after training (post-test). The results of this activity show that the knowledge and skills of farmer groups after participating in training in making POC from organic waste increased by 30% from 50% to 85%.

The Effect of Some Biological Fungicides and Liquid Organic Fertilizers on Sigatoka Disease on ‘Mas’ Banana Plants (Musa acuminata Colla)

Banana (Musa acuminata Colla) is a tropical fruit with great economic potential and export prospects. According to the Directorate General of Horticulture, Ministry of Agriculture, banana production from 2009 to 2014 fluctuated due to attacks by Plant Destruction Organisms (PDO), particularly Sigatoka disease caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella musciola. This study investigated biological agents like Trichoderma sp. and Gliocladium sp., along with liquid organic fertilizers, to control the disease without synthetic fungicides.The research, conducted at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang, used a split-plot design with two factors: biological pesticides (Tricogreen, Natural Glio, Trico-G) and liquid organic fertilizers (rabbit urine POC, shrimp shell MOL, banana hump MOL). The experiment had nine treatment combinations with three plant samples each. Results showed that biological pesticides significantly reduced Sigatoka disease intensity, with the J3P3 treatment (Trico-G and Banana Hump MOL) achieving the lowest infection rate of 29.55%, reducing disease intensity by 70.45%. Liquid organic fertilizers also improved plant growth, increasing leaf number and leaf area. This indicates that biological agents and organic fertilizers effectively manage Sigatoka disease and promote healthy banana plant growth.

Hydroponic Lettuce Cultivation with Organic Liquid Fertilizer: Examining Bacterial Inhibition and Phosphate Solubilization

This study explores organic hydroponic cultivation as a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers amid global supply challenges. With rising costs and the depletion of conventional nitrogen sources, organic liquid fertilizers are gaining attention for their microbial enrichment processes (MEP) that convert organic matter into plant-accessible nutrients. This experiment focuses on lettuce cultivation using two organic liquid fertilizers, Power Fish and POF vol. 2, in controlled environments. The results show that there are significant differences in plant growth parameters such as leaf number, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and root length across different fertilizer treatments. Key findings include that effective management practices, including pH control and regular nutrient application, are crucial for maintaining microbial activity and optimizing nutrient uptake efficiency. Additionally, Bacillus sp. and Xanthomonas sp. were isolated from these fertilizers and dual-cultured with rot fungi, Pythium sp. and Fusarium sp. This dual cultivation demonstrated inhibitory activity against these pathogens, showcasing the potential of these microorganisms in promoting biofilm-mediated disease resistance in organic hydroponic systems. The study also emphasizes the phosphate solubilization capabilities of isolated bacteria, essential for sustainable nutrient cycling. Overall, organic hydroponic systems present a promising strategy for sustainable agriculture, reducing dependency on chemical inputs while enhancing crop productivity and resilience to environmental stressors.

Morfologi Terung (Solanum melongena L.) Pada Berbagai Dosis Biochar Sekam Padi dan Penambahan Pupuk Organik Cair

Eggplant production in Indonesia remains relatively low and has not been able to meet market demands. Long-term use of inorganic fertilizers has led to declining organic matter content in soil, soil degradation, and environmental pollution. To address these issues, agricultural waste such as rice husk can be converted into charcoal or biochar to improve soil quality degraded by excessive use of chemical fertilizers. In addition to biochar as organic material, other organic inputs like liquid organic fertilizer can potentially improve soil physical properties. This research aims to determine the effect of giving rice husk biochar and the correct dose, to find out the effect of applying liquid organic fertilizer and the right concentration and to find out the interaction between giving rice husk biochar and liquid organic fertilizer on eggplant growth and production.The study employs a Randomized Block Design (RBD) factorial with 2 treatment factors. The first factor involves rice husk biochar application at 4 levels (A0: control, A1: 0.6 tons/ha or approximately 30 g/plant, A2: 1.2 tons/ha or approximately 60 g/plant, and A3: 1.8 tons/ha or approximately 90 g/plant). The second factor is liquid organic fertilizer application at 4 levels (B0: control, B1: 0.1 mg/l, B2: 0.3 mg/l, and B3: 0.5 mg/l). The results of the study indicate that rice husk biochar application can increase plant height and leaf number, the best dose for rice husk biochar is 90 g/plant.Application of liquid organic fertilizer has not been able to affect plant height and number of eggplant leaves. Keywords : eggplant, rice husk biochar, liquid organic fertilizer

Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L.) Terhadap Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair

The mustard plant is one of the horticultural commodities that is popular with the public because it has high fiber and nutritional content so it has high economic selling value. Various cultivation techniques that can be done to increase mustard greens production are by applying liquid organic fertilizer which can increase plant growth and production. Liquid organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer designed as a balanced food complete with macro and micro nutrients for various types of plants. This research aims to determine the effect of mustard greens growth and production on the provision of liquid organic fertilizer. This research used a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) with 5 treatment levels. The first factor is the use of liquid organic fertilizer (P0: 0 cc/l; P1: 2 cc/l; P2: 4 cc/l; P3: 6 cc/l; P4: 8 cc/l).The results showed that liquid organic fertilizer had a significant effect on leaf area but had no significant effect on plant height. The most efficient concentration of liquid organic fertilizer for the growth and production of mustard greens is 6 cc/liter. Keywords : mustard greens, liquid organic fertilizer, growth

Effects of Different Fertilization Measures on Bacterial Community Structure in Seed Production Corn Fields

Different fertilization measures affect the soil’s physical and chemical properties and bacterial community structure, which in turn affects the growth environment and yield of maize seed production. Therefore, rational fertilization measures are important in maintaining and improving soil fertility and promoting maize crop growth. Research on fertilization practices in maize fields for seed production can help to increase agricultural productivity while protecting and enhancing soil health and achieving sustainable agricultural development. To clarify the effects of different fertilization measures on soil bacterial communities in seed corn fields, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology and PICRUSt method were used to explore the soil under different fertilization measures (CK as control, effects of single application of liquid organic fertilizer (M), single application of bacterial agents (BF), and combined application of liquid organic fertilizer and bacterial agents (M + BF)) on soil bacterial community structure characteristics and ecological functions. Proteobacteria (20.14–25.30%), Actinobacteriota (18.21–20.47%), Actinobacteriota (13.55–22.00%), and Chloroflexi (14.24–17.59%) were the dominant phyla. Bacillus, RB41, Arthrobacter, and Sphingomonas were the dominant genera. M + BF treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Planctomycetota. The relative abundance of Bacillus and PaeniBacillus in M treatment decreased considerably, while the relative abundance of Turicibacter increased significantly. The relative abundance of Sphingomonas was reduced considerably in M and M + BF treatments. The relative abundance of Subgroup 10 decreased significantly after BF and M + BF treatments. BF treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Skermanella. Redundancy analysis showed that alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (p = 0.044) was the main environmental factor affecting soil bacterial communities under different fertilizer treatments. PICRUSt function prediction results showed that metabolism was the main functional component of bacteria, accounting for 78.45–78.94%. The abundance of functional genes for terpenoid and polyketone metabolism, the endocrine system, the excretory system, and the immune system of the soil bacterial community was significantly increased under M treatment, while the abundance of functional genes for the digestive system was decreased considerably. Different fertilizer cultivation measures changed soil bacterial community composition and ecological function in maize fields. These results can provide a theoretical reference for the study of bacterial community succession characteristics in maize fields and the determination of appropriate fertilizer cultivation measures.

Pengaruh Pemberian POC Urine Sapi Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kubis Bunga (Brassica oleracea var. Bottrytis L.) pada Tanah Inceptisol

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of applying cow urine liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of flowering cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis L.) on inceptisol soil. The research was carried out in March 2023 – August 2023 in Palangka Raya City, Central Kalimantan Province. The research used a Randomized Group Design (RAK) with 6 treatment levels of cow urine POC doses, namely: 0; 15; 30; 45; 60; and 75 ml L-1 water. The results showed that administration of various doses of POC cow urine had a significant effect on the growth and yield of flowering cabbage in inceptisol soil. Giving cow urine POC at a dose of 75 ml L-1 of water is the best treatment for the growth and yield of flowering cabbage with an average crop weight of 379 g or 16 tons/ha

Growth of Indigofera zolingeriana with differences in source of cuttings and planting media

This study investigates the effect of different cutting types and planting media on the growth of Indigofera zollingeriana, a valuable forage crop. The research used a factorial randomized block design (2 x 2) with 40 experimental units. The treatments included two cutting sources—stem cuttings (A1) and shoot cuttings (A2)—and two planting media—natural soil (B1) and natural soil supplemented with liquid organic fertilizer from rabbit urine (B2). Growth parameters such as the number of leaves, plant height, and stem diameter were measured. The results indicate that cutting type significantly affects leaf production, with shoot cuttings (A2) producing a higher number of leaves than stem cuttings (A1) (P<0.05). However, the planting media and its interaction with the cutting type had no significant impact on plant height and stem diameter (P>0.05). These findings suggest that using shoot cuttings could enhance the propagation and growth of Indigofera zollingeriana for sustainable forage production. Further studies are recommended to explore the long-term effects of organic fertilizer on biomass yield.

Azolla Liquid Fertilizer (Azolla pinnata) And Chicken Manure Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Shallots

This study aims to see the effect of giving Azolla liquid organic fertilizer and chicken manure on the growth and yield of shallots. The research method used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) consisting of 2 factors with 16 combinations and 3 blocks. The first factor is the provision of azolla liquid organic fertilizer consisting of 4 levels, namely 0 ml / l water / m2, 200 ml / l water / m2, 400 ml / l water / m2, 600 ml / l water / m2. The second factor is the provision of chicken manure consisting of 4 levels, namely 0 kg / m2, 0.5 kg / m2, 1.0 kg / m2 and 1.5 kg / m2. The provision of azolla liquid organic fertilizer has a significant effect on the parameters of the number of tillers, the number / plant, the wet weight of bulbs / plant, the dry weight of bulbs / plant. The provision of azolla liquid organic fertilizer 600 ml / liter of water / m2 gave the best effect on all observation parameters. The provision of chicken manure gave a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, number of shoots, number of bulbs/ plant, wet weight of bulbs/plant, dry weight of bulbs/plant. The dose of chicken manure of 1.5 kg/m2 showed the best effect for all observation parameters. The interaction between the provision of liquid organic fertilizer azolla and chicken manure did not differ significantly in all treatments. Keywords: Azolla, Chicken Manure, Red Onion

Influence of Cow Dung Extract Complemented with Nutrient Solution on the Growth Performance of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L)

Limited studies have focused on plant growth performance using organic-based solutions complemented with mineral elements in a hydroponic system. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the growth performance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) as influenced by cow dung extract combined with a hydroponic nutrient solution. Treatments considered as four different levels of aerated cow dung extracts (C), viz., C1 = 50 g l-1, C2 =100 g l-1, C3 =150 g l-1 and C4 =200 g l-1 and four strengths of standard nutrient solution (S), viz, S1 = 30% of standard nutrient solution, S2 = 40% of standard nutrient solution, S3 = 50% of standard nutrient solution and S4 = 60% of standard nutrient solution. The experiment was carried out using a deep flow technique in a semi-greenhouse. Various growth and physiological parameters were measured in this experiment. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis with 4 replicates by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS. In the case of growth parameters, the tallest plant (23.54 cm), maximum number of leaves per plant (17.01) broadest leaf (13.32 cm), and the highest fresh weight (112.05 g/plant) were recorded from C3 while the lowest in C1. For hydroponic nutrient solution, the tallest plant (23.13 cm), the maximum number of leaves per plant (16.66), the widest leaf breath (14.17 cm), and the highest fresh weight (116.0 g/plant) were recorded from S4 while the lowest in S1. On the other hand, physiological traits viz. leaf area, net assimilation ratio, and relative growth rate were statistically higher in C3 and lowest in C1. In the nutrient solution, all physiological parameters were highest in S4 and the lowest in S1. In the case of the interaction effect, the highest fresh weight and almost all the parameters were found best in C3S4 and the lowest in C1S1. Therefore, the analysis showed that in terms of growth promotion properties hydroponic nutrient solution along with cow dung extract had a substantial impact and C3S4 was the most preferable treatment combination. Based on these findings, in a hydroponic system, an inorganic nutrient solution combined with organic liquid fertilizer derived from cow dung extract (as an alternative nutrient source) requires further improvements to achieve optimal growth and yield.

Strengthen farmers' fertilizer self-sufficiency in the tourist area with a reduce-reuse-recycle system

Mining activities at Tebing Breksi are a vital source of income for the community in Sambirejo village, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. However, these activities have caused several environmental issues, such as lowered pH levels, reduced soil fertility, shallow soil profiles, and water scarcity. Additionally, mining has led to biodiversity loss and land degradation, making post-mining reclamation essential to restore the area's environmental and social functions. This project aimed to enhance the community’s skills in soil analysis and the production of liquid organic fertilizer using effective methods. The activities took place in the Tebing Breksi tourist area, located in Nglengkong, Sambirejo Village, Prambanan District, Sleman Regency. The project included a Focus Group Discussion (FGD), soil fertility analysis using test kits, and the creation of liquid organic fertilizer from household waste. During the FGD, it was discovered that the local community had not received prior training on producing fertilizer from household and organic waste. Until then, they relied on expensive commercial fertilizers to quickly stabilize soil pH. Through this training, the community learned how to perform rapid soil chemical analysis and produce liquid organic fertilizer independently. As a result, they can now apply the fertilizer locally, improving soil conditions and reducing their reliance on costly commercial products.

Conversion of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber Waste into Green Liquid Organic Fertilizer

Solid wastes generated from the oil palm industry contain valuable nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that can significantly enhance plant growth and potentially elevate fertilizer production. This study aims to identify the optimal formulation of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber waste. Three formulations of LOF were prepared, comprising OPEFB waste, molasses, noni fruit, and cattle urine, designated as Formulation A, B, and C. These formulations underwent a 14-day anaerobic incubation period. The formulated OPEFB LOF was then analyzed for nutrient content, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids. This study also examines the soil properties and plant growth outcomes following the application of the formulated OPEFB LOF. The results indicated that Formulation A exhibited the highest nutrient concentrations, specifically 485 ppm nitrogen, 95 ppm phosphorus, and 1007 ppm potassium. In comparison to the other two OPEFB LOF formulations, Formulation A showed the lowest values for total dissolved solids (502 ppm) and electrical conductivity (8.14 dS/m). The findings demonstrated that Formulation A displayed the most favorable growth characteristics in terms of leaf count, plant height, leaf length, and leaf width. This is attributed to the nitrogen-boosting properties of cattle urine, along with the complementary effects of molasses and noni fruit as soil improver and bio-activator. This study confirms the viability of utilizing green organic fertilizer derived from OPEFB substrate in agriculture, replacing conventional inorganic fertilizers.

Improvement of growth and nutrient uptake of upland rice grown on degraded acid soil with the application of liquid organic fertilizer

This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of several types of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) derived from plant waste and the dose of P fertilizer on the growth and yield of upland rice on degraded acid soil. The treatments consisted of two factors. The first factor (A) was several types of LOF consisting of A1 (control), A2 (LOF containing isolates of P-solubilizing bacteria), A3 (LOF-banana waste), and A4 (A2+A3). The second factor (B) was fertilizer doses consisting of B1 (50% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer), B2 (75% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer), and B3 (100% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer). The treatment combinations were arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The research results showed that applying either LOF-banana waste or the mixture of LOF-banana waste and LOF-containing isolates of P-solubilizing bacteria improved plant height, the number of tillers, and N and P uptake by the plant. The rice grain yields among the treatments were not significantly different, but the highest rice grain yield (139.8 g/pot) was obtained at the treatment of the mixture of LOF-P isolate + LOF-banana waste (A2+A3 treatments). The 75% of the recommended dose of P fertilizer was not significantly different from 100% P fertilizer with LOF on growth and yield upland rice and nutrient uptake by the plant.

Vermiwash: An effective nutritive blessing to crops

Under alarming situation of poor soil health, reduction in produce, increase in incidences of pest and disease and environmental pollution due to the application of chemical fertilizers over a period, it is necessary to look for alternatives which are effective and eco-friendly for sustainable agriculture. Therefore, it is very important to seek alternative as a supplement for chemical fertilizers. To cope with these problems, vermiwash can play an important role in ensuring a sustainable agricultural system. A review was conducted on vermiwash to assess the characteristics, potentiality to use and ultimately beneficial effects in sustainable agriculture. Vermiwash is coelomic fluid extraction contains significant quantities of nutrients, a large beneficial microbial population, biologically active metabolites particularly gibberellins, cytokinins, auxins and group B vitamins which can be applied alone or in combination with organic or inorganic fertilizers, so as to get better yield and quality of diverse crops. Evidences proved that qualities of vermiwash depend on the used organic bed producing vermicompost. Vermiwash can serve as a valuable foliar spray, because it is a combination of earthworm mucous discharges, nutrients, microorganisms and plant growth promoting materials composed of excretory products and mucus secretions from earthworms and micronutrients from the organic molecules in the soil. These nutrients are absorbed and then transported to the leaves, shoots, and other parts of a plant. Application of vermiwash improves plant health, yield and nutritional quality. Vermiwash proves to be an effective fertilizer which contributes the growth of plants when sprayed directly as well as mixed with a definite ratio of vermicompost. It was also observed that the plants treated with vermiwash were disease resistant and no any worms like leaf eaters were seen on the leaves and other parts of plants. Vermiwash can be used as a substituent of commercial fertilizers available in the market. Vermiwash acts not only as a liquid organic fertilizer but also act as mild biocide. It can be used as an effective input in organic agriculture for both soil health and disease management for sustainable crop production with low cost which could be ensure food security. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 38(1): 21-40, 2024

Utilization of Tofu Wastewater for Environmental Conservation and Economic Improvement in Taman Village, Grujungan District, Bondowoso Regency

The processing of tofu wastewater into organic liquid fertilizer in Taman Village, Grujungan District, Bondowoso Regency, was conducted to utilize wastewater that often causes environmental issues. This study aims to evaluate the potential of tofu wastewater in producing organic liquid fertilizer using a Community-Based Research (CBR) approach. A descriptive qualitative research method was employed, including observation, interviews, documentation study, and literature review. Observations revealed that tofu wastewater is yellowish-brown, has an acidic odor, and contains organic materials such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. The production process of organic liquid fertilizer involves collecting wastewater, fermenting with EM4 and molasses, filtering, and packaging. The fermentation results in a liquid fertilizer that can improve soil fertility and reduce environmental pollution. The program also has the potential to increase community awareness of waste management and provide economic benefits through enhanced agricultural productivity. Thus, this study shows that tofu wastewater has significant potential as a raw material for effective organic liquid fertilizer, offering notable environmental and social benefits.