Liquid Natural Rubber Research Articles

Masterbatch Natural Rubber—Innovative Asphalt Cement Additive for Sustainable Flexural Pavements

The mechanical performance of Masterbatch Natural Rubber (MNR)-modified asphalt concrete (MNR-AC) was investigated and is presented in this paper. When compared to conventional asphalt concrete (AC), MNR-AC exhibits significantly superior performance across key mechanical parameters, including Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength (ITS), resilient modulus (IT Mr), indirect tensile fatigue life (ITFL), and rutting resistance. The most pronounced enhancements are observed at the optimal dry rubber to asphalt cement (r/b) ratio of 3%, at which MNR-AC demonstrates peak performance in all evaluated tests. The fatigue distress models for MNR-AC and AC reveal distinct logarithmic relationships, with an intersection point occurring at an r/b ratio of approximately 3%. This suggests that MNR-AC with an r/b ratio of 3% or less exhibits a markedly superior fatigue life compared to conventional AC under equivalent applied-stress conditions. MNR offers significant practical advantages over liquid natural rubber, including more consistent mixing, and simplified storage and transportation, positioning it as a promising and sustainable advancement in pavement material technology.

Effect of organic solvents on the functionalization of liquid natural rubber by iron salt-mediated chloro-nitro reaction

This study presents the functionalization process and the effect of organic solvents on the iron salt-mediated chloro-nitro reaction. The product obtained from the reaction is the chloro-nitro compound of liquid natural rubber (Cl-N-LNR). LNR functionalization was achieved by NO2Cl radical formed from iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate and iron(III) chloride in various organic solvents including ethyl acetate (EtOAc), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dioxane (DOX). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to evaluate the structure of the resulting Cl-N-LNR. The degree of functionalization with the nitro group is 13÷15% mol units of Cl-N-LNR and the efficiency of the chlorine-nitration reaction is 80÷90%. Depending on the type of solvent used for the reaction, the structures of the functionalized chains received are disparate. Notably, the Cl-N-LNR is made in a THF/DOX solvent mixture that exhibited superior properties compared to the other solvents.

Enhancing flexibility and durability of PVC with liquid epoxidized natural rubber: Innovative UV treatment to mitigate plasticizer migration

AbstractThis manuscript elucidates the preparation and utilization of liquid epoxidized natural rubber (LENR) with 50 mol% epoxidation level (LENR50) as a polymeric plasticizer for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and further immobilization of the plasticizer in the plastic matrix through subsequent ultraviolet (UV)‐curing treatment. The plasticizing effect induced by LENR50 at 50 wt% loading was evident with a reduction of Tg from a high of 72.0 to 11.4°C. Positive enhancements were also documented in the mechanical properties of the LENR50‐plasticized PVC, specifically the big improvement in elongation at break and elastic modulus, from 106% to 430%, and from 646 to 7 MPa, respectively. The UV‐treated PVC/LENR film also exhibited superior resistance to migration compared with formulations with conventional plasticizers such as di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and triethyl‐2‐acetyl citrate (ATEC). A similar outcome was recorded in the leaching resistance test, where LENR50 had the best resistance to leaching in four different solvents (water, soap solution, ethanol, and toluene). The LENR50‐plasticized PVC film recorded the lowest weight loss following 24 h immersion in both hydrophilic and lipophilic solvents. The findings from this study suggest that LENR50 could serve as an efficient bio‐based polymeric plasticizer for PVC.Highlights LENR as bio‐based polymeric plasticizer for PVC. Significant reduction in Tg and elastic modulus of PVC plasticized with LENR. UV treatment improved tensile strength and elongation at break of LENR/PVC film. UV‐treated PVC/LENR has superior plasticizer migration and leaching resistance.

Optimizing Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption onto Liquid Natural Rubber-Based Hydrogel: Kinetics, Isotherms and Reusability

In recent years, notable advancements have taken place in the textile industry, particularly with the widespread use of synthetic dyes such as methylene blue (MB). However, the environmental impact of these dyes has raised significant concerns. Their potential to influence both chemical and biochemical demand poses risks, leading to potential disruptions in aquatic plant photosynthesis. Additionally, concerns exist regarding the toxicity and potential carcinogenicity of these dyes to humans. This study achieved successful hydrogel synthesis through the efficient utilization of ultrasonic methods, combining liquid natural rubber (LNR), acrylic acid (AAc), and pectin (Pc) to adsorb MB from aqueous solutions. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the structure. Utilizing Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the study investigated the effects of the AAc:LNR weight ratio and Pc weight on hydrogel preparation for MB removal. This led to the development of a quadratic polynomial model with an ANOVA-derived R2 value of 0.9970. Optimal conditions for hydrogel production were identified as a 3.00 g/g AAc:LNR weight ratio and 0.0325g of Pc, resulting in an impressive 99.07% MB removal effectiveness. The limit of detection (LOD) for methylene blue adsorption was calculated at 0.64 ppm. The kinetics and isotherms of MB removal were described by the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models, respectively. Furthermore, the investigation into hydrogel reusability demonstrated its capability for up to five utilization cycles. The LNR/AAc/Pc hydrogel exhibits promising potential as an effective, cost-efficient, and environmentally conscious adsorbent for MB removal. This makes it applicable to water treatment scenarios involving cationic dyes.

CEMENT MORTARS WITH BOMBYX MORI SILK FIBERS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF SURFACE TREATMENTS

The incorporation of natural fibers in cement mortars is an important area of research and development within the construction industry, as it seeks sustainable and ecological alternatives to traditional fiber reinforcements. This paper investigated the effects of different treatments on “Bombyx mori” silk fibers on the mechanical strength and durability of cement mortars, at the same time their architectural possibilities were analyzed. The studied fibers were cut to 20 mm in length, then treated with liquid calcium hydroxide, linseed oil and natural rubber latex. Finally, they were placed in the cement matrix in layers and arranged lengthwise. The mechanical performance and durability of the material were studied through the physical properties of water absorption by immersion, the mechanical properties of compressive, flexural, and impact strength at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing were also studied. The study was complemented with a simulation of alkaline environment of cement using a solution based on sodium hydroxide, measuring the degree of accelerated degradability of the fibers through mass loss. Overall, the results demonstrated that the composite material with fibers treated with natural latex and linseed oil exhibited higher flexural, compressive and impact strength and lower water absorption.

Functionalization of a liquid natural rubber by iron‐mediated radical chloro‐nitration and its thermal decomposition

AbstractThis study presents the functionalization of liquid natural rubber (LNR) by iron‐mediated radical chloro‐nitration over the LNR backbone, resulting in a chloro‐nitro compound of liquid natural rubber (Cl‐N‐LNR). The chloro‐nitration was prepared by a reaction of LNR with iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate and iron(III) chloride in an organic solvent. The structure of the obtained product was confirmed by using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), which showed the existence of chloro‐nitro groups in the Cl‐N‐LNR chain. The degree of functionalization with a nitro group is 13.4% mol units of Cl‐N‐LNR. The thermal degradation was determined by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method. As a result, the kinetic parameters for the degradation of Cl‐N‐LNR were calculated in the range from 40 to 330 °C. The half‐life of Cl‐N‐LNR was found to be about 33.0 years.

Application of Carboxy Terminated Liquid Natural Rubber as a polymeric compatibilizer in commercial nano silica filled NR/NBR and PVC/NBR blends

Blends of polymers are mixtures of two or more polymers, having different properties and require compatibilization. The compatibilization must ensure the improvement in morphological homogeneity and performance of materials in terms of its physical and mechanical characteristics. Maleic anhydride can be able to link chemically with depolymerized natural rubber to generate the Carboxy Terminated liquid Natural Rubber (CTNR). The utilization of the CTNR as a prospective and affordable compatibilizer and the usage of the commercial nano silica (NS) as a green, reinforcing and beneficial filler which could boost the tensile characteristics, ageing and oil resistance of both the NR/NBR and PVC/ NBR blend vulcanizates are described in this work. The properties of commercial NS filled NR/NBR and PVC/ NBR blend vulcanizates were compared with those containing amorphous silica. The effect of altering the quantity of CTNR on the properties of commercial NS filled NR/NBR and PVC/ NBR blend vulcanizates were also studied. The introduction of CTNR as a compatibilizer could enhance the tensile properties, ageing and oil resistance and upgrade the compression set of NS filled NR/NBR blend vulcanizates. The NS filled PVC/ NBR blend vulcanizates exhibit an improvement in the tensile properties, hardness, ageing and oil resistance by the use of CTNR as the compatibilizer. The addition of CTNR increases the crosslink density of both NS filled NR/NBR and PVC/NBR blend vulcanizates. Fruitful blending of NR/NBR and PVC/NBR was accomplished by the use of commercial NS and the production of CTNR through sunlight irradiation of NR and maleic anhydride.

Utilization of liquid epoxidized natural rubber as prepolymer and crosslinker in development of UV-curable palm oil-based alkyd coating

Innovation of new products from renewable resources are important for sustainable development. In this work, novel rubber-integrated palm oil-based alkyd resins were prepared using palm oil, glycerol, diacids, and liquid epoxidized natural rubber (LENR50). The synthesis started with alcoholysis of glycerol by palm oil to produce predominant mixture of monoglycerides, followed by polycondensation with diacids to form alkyd chain. In addition to glycerol, LENR50 was introduced as bio-based polyol for the alkyd synthesis. The rubber prepolymer was chemically integrated into the alkyd chain via the reaction between its epoxide or hydroxyl groups with COOH of diacids during polycondensation. Resultant alkyds were mixed with reactive diluent (styrene), crosslinker (trimethylolpropane triacrylate) and photoinitiators (benzophenone and 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone), and the mixtures were cured under UV irradiation. Introduction of LENR50 into the coating formulation has reduced the curing time, as well as improved some of the film properties of the coatings. Some of the LENR50-based coatings required as short as 3 mins of UV irradiation to form dry-hard films, while the control samples required much longer time. There was also notable increase in the gel content of the LENR-based alkyd coating, suggesting that the polyfunctionality of LENR50 could have increased the extent of crosslinking in the cured film. Other improvement recorded includes pencil hardness, film adhesion, solvent resistance, water resistance, and corrosion resistance. Thermal stability of the alkyd coatings is also reasonably good for general purpose coating applications. The findings from this study suggest that LENR50 could serve as an alternative polyol in synthesis of bio-based polyester binder for surface coating.

Effect of LNR-g-MMA on the Mechanical Properties and Lifetime Estimation of PLA/PP Blends.

Polylactide (PLA) polymer, polypropylene (PP) polymer, and a PLA/PP (70:30 wt%) blend, with liquid natural rubber-graft-methy methacrylate (LNR-g-MMA) of 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 phr as compatibilizers, were prepared by internal mixing and compression molding. The effect of LNR-g-MMA content on the morphology, mechanical properties, water absorption, thermal degradation, and a lifetime of blends based on PLA and PP was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the PLA/PP blend underwent phase separation, and the presence of LNR-g-MMA in the PLA/PP blend showed a more homogenized and refined blend morphology. Hence, the addition of LNR-g-MMA was used as a compatibilizer to induce miscibility in the PLA/PP blend. The values of tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength of the polymer blends increased, whereas water absorption values decreased with increased LNR-g-MMA content. Thermal degradation kinetics was studied over a temperature range of 50-800 °C with multiple heating rates. The results demonstrated that the thermal stability of blends without LNR-g-MMA was greater than that of blends with LNR-g-MMA and that the thermal stability decreased with increasing LNR-g-MMA content. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated by using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method. The Ea value of PLA was much lower than that of PP, and incorporating PP in the PLA matrix increased the Ea. The addition of LNR-g-MMA to the PLA/PP blend decreased the Ea. The lifetime of PLA/PP blends was reduced with the addition of LNR-g-MMA.

Enhanced tensile and barrier properties of modified LLDPE with rubbery materials and graphene nanoplatelets for packaging application

AbstractLinear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) is widely used in industries. It possesses remarkable characteristics such as low density, easy to process, and recyclable. However, LLDPE‐based products are known to be highly permeable to water and oxygen, thus limiting their application as packaging material. In this study, natural rubber (NR) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) were mixed with LLDPE to produce thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites films as a novel, potential packaging material with the aid of liquid natural rubber (LNR) as compatibilizing agent. The formulation modification of GNP, NR, and LNR components influenced the mechanical and barrier properties of the resulting nanocomposites. The mixing methods, i.e., direct melt‐mixing and masterbatch mixing (MB) were also investigated. Apparently, tensile test for samples prepared from MB mixing method yielded better results compared to samples from direct melt‐mixing. Permeability tests of water vapor (WVP) and oxygen (OTR) demonstrated that LLDPE/GNP/NR/LNR nanocomposites films managed to reduce the permeability rate of WVP and OTR of pure LLDPE by 92.73% and 98.60%, respectively. The tortuous theory had been confirmed that the experimental data best fit the Nielsen model at aspect ratio of 20, 30 and 10, 20, 40, 200 for WVP and OTR, respectively.

Study on Degradation of Natural Rubber Latex Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Nitrite in the Presence of Formic Acid.

Liquid natural rubber (LNR), a depolymerized natural rubber (NR) consisting of shorter chains, was prepared via oxidative degradation using NaNO2 and H2O2 degrading agents in the presence of HCOOH. The influence of reagent concentrations, temperature, and reaction time on the number-average molecular weight (Mn) was studied. Results showed the higher concentration of H2O2 and HCOOH employed faster degradative rates. However, a higher concentration of NaNO2 decreased the Mn reduction. Prolonged reaction time and high temperature resulted in a product with low Mn. FTIR spectra indicated the synthesized LNR contained hydroxyl end groups resulting from the breaking of the NR chains at an acidic pH, whereas a carboxyl terminated LNR was formed at an alkaline pH. SEM micrographs showed the latex particles of LNR were spherical and smaller compared to NR. The experimental results showed the reaction orders of [H2O2], [HCOOH], and [NaNO2] were 1.58, 0.79, and -0.65, respectively. In addition, the pre-exponential factor and activation energy were 1.04 × 109 M-1.72 t-1 and 78.66 kJ/mol, respectively. Based on TGA analysis, the thermal stability of the rubber depended on its Mn. The LNR containing functional end groups exhibited thermal instability and could be a starting material for many applications.

Facile synthesis of nickel-based supported halloysite nanotube catalysts and their role in photocatalytic degradation of liquid epoxidized natural rubber

Facile synthesis of nickel-based supported halloysite nanotube catalysts and their role in photocatalytic degradation of liquid epoxidized natural rubber

Fabrication, characterization and mechanical properties of hematite (a-Fe2O3) filled natural rubber/low-density polyethylene composites

In this study, natural rubber (NR) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were melt blended in a 2-roll mill to fabricate NR/LDPE composites with liquid natural rubber (LNR) and hematite (a-Fe2O3) as compatibilizer and filler respectively. The effects of liquid natural rubber (LNR) on the mechanical properties and morphology of NR/LDPE composites were investigated. NR/LDPE composites were prepared in three different compositions of 70/30, 50/50 and 30/70, with filler content at varying concentrations (3, 5 and 7 g) while LNR was kept at 10 g for the modified composites. Results obtained showed increment in the tensile strength, tensile modulus, compressive and flexural properties but with decrease in the elongation at break the a-Fe2O3 and LDPE contents increase. The modification of the composites with LNR further enhanced the mechanical properties. FTIR spectrum of LNR revealed a peak at 3395 cm-1 suggesting the hydroxyl (OH) end group attached to the LNR chain due to the photochemical degradation of NR to yield LNR. FTIR spectra of the selected composites showed the presence of iron oxide bond (Fe-O) at 571 cm-1, 467 cm-1 and 463 cm-1 due to the incorporation of a-Fe2O3 filler particles in the composites. SEM images showed improved matrix/filler interfacial adhesion induced by the LNR compatibilizer.

Optimization, Kinetics Isotherm, and Reusability Studies of Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption using Acrylic Acid Grafted Rubber Hydrogel

Hydrogel based on liquid natural rubber (LNR) crosslinked with acrylic acid (AAc) was synthesised and applied for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solutions. The LNR/AAc hydrogel was prepared by free-radical polymerisation using potassium persulfate (KPS) and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as the initiator and the crosslinking agent, respectively. The effect of three variables (i.e., AAc:LNR weight ratio, KPS concentration and MBA concentration) on the hydrogel preparation for MBA removal was further investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). A quadratic polynomial model with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results yielding R2 value of 0.9833 was consequently obtained. The optimum conditions for the hydrogel preparation were identified as AAc:LNR weight ratio of 2.59 g/g, KPS concentration of 0.08 M and MBA concentrations of 0.08 M and resulting a high percentage of MB removal about 92.57% was obtained. Therefore, the kinetic and isotherm models of MB removal were represented by the pseudo-second order and Freundlich model, respectively, and reusability studies were also investigated resulting in the hydrogel can be used up to four cycles.

Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of cationic dyes over bismuth ferrite (BFO) intercalated on liquid natural rubber-based hydrogel compound

A hydrogel-based photocatalyst was employed to remove methylene blue (MB) and safranin dye effluents from wastewater using a liquid natural rubber (LNR)-acrylic acid (AAc) based bismuth ferrite (BFO) hydrogel compound. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used in this research to optimize several parameters for the synthesis of hydrogel compound and adsorptive-photodegradation process. Without a post-treatment separation phase, safranin and MB dye were able to maintain dye removal for up to six and five cycles with 99% dye removal, respectively, explaining the hydrogel’s stability and adsorptive efficiency. Furthermore, MB and safranin dyes were adsorbed and photodegraded very rapidly under a xenon lamp compared to the dye removal efficacy at dark, proving BFO has aided in the photodegradation process adsorbs further the dye effluents in which the hydroxyl radical (·OH) and superoxide radical (·O2–) species were responsible for the photocatalytic activity. It has been proposed that safranin and MB dye effluent adsorption matches the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model. A positive entropy number, S, in thermodynamic analysis indicates that the reaction has become more random, boosting the system's spontaneity. Meanwhile, it is found that adsorption rate of safranin is highly dependent on pH and is under the influence of inner sphere surface complexes. Thus, the synthesized LNR-g-MaH/AAc-BFO hydrogel compound in this study has shown excellent performance in the removal of dye effluents for the wastewater treatment process with enhanced stability.

Molecular Weight and Functional Group Analysis of Low Molecular Weight of Liquid Cyclic Natural Rubber

The research about molecular weight and functional group analysis of low molecular weight liquid cyclic natural rubber has been done. The aim of this research is to achievement the quality of low molecular weight of liquid cyclic natural rubber. This research has been made in several steps such as preparation of the sample of rubber, the process of molecular degradation of cyclic rubber, and characterization of LCNR by using FTIR, GPC and viscosity test. Degradation is done with the help of the phenylhydrazine reagent with oxygen gas atmosphere with a flow rate of 2 LMin-1 for 24 hours. Molecular weight analysis by GPC had result the LCNR sample had a Mw is 60,556, a Mn is 6,661, and a PDI is 11,08613. The intrinsic viscosity can be used by relating it to the molecular weight by the Mark Houwink – Sakurada (MHS) equation and get the result 63.533 for LCNR molecular weight. The C-H stretching and bending region are two of the most difficult regions to interpret in infrared spectra. The ranges between 3300 to 2750 cm-1 is the C-H stretching region, is the more practical of the two regions. The frequency with which C-H bonds are obstructed is largely determined by the type of hybridization attributed to the bond. The stronger the vibrational force constant, the higher the vibration frequency.

Effect of Carbon Nanofibers on Physical, Adhesion and Rheological Properties of Liquid Epoxidized Natural Rubber Modified Asphalt

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on the performance of liquid epoxidized natural rubber (LENR)-modified asphalt. The physical, adhesion and rheological properties were determined by several tests such as penetration, elastic recovery, ring and ball softening point, Brookfield rotational viscometer, AFM and dynamic shear rheometer. LENR was used at concentrations of 3, 6, and 9%, while CNFs were used at contents of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% by weight of asphalt. Conventional test results showed that the increases in LENR and LENR/CNFs composite contents in binder leads to an increase in the hardness and consistency and a reduction in the temperature susceptibility of base asphalt. Adhesion results revealed that the addition of CNFs significantly increases the adhesion and bonding properties of base and rubberized binders. Rheological properties analysis exhibited that LENR improved the viscoelastic properties and permanent deformation resistance of asphalt at different temperatures and frequencies. On the other hand, it was found that the addition of CNFs significantly improves the stiffness, elasticity, and hardness of LENR-modified binders. The 6% LENR and 0.4% CNFs were found to be the optimum to enhance the physical, adhesion, and rheological properties of asphalt in this study. Thus, it can be stated that the addition of CNFs is promising to improve the performance of rubberized binders for high temperature applications.

Liquid Guayule Natural Rubber, a Sustainable Processing Aid, Enhances the Processability, Durability and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Rubber Composites.

Petroleum-based oils are widely used as processing aids in rubber composites to improve processability but can adversely affect rubber composite performance and increase carbon footprint. In this research, liquid guayule natural rubber (LGNR), produced from guayule natural rubber, was used as a renewable processing aid to replace naphthenic oil (NO) in Hevea natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and guayule natural rubber (GNR) composites. The rheological properties, thermal stability, glass transition temperature, dynamic mechanical properties, aging, and ozone resistance of rubber composites with and without NO or LGNR were compared. Natural and synthetic rubber composites made with LGNR had similar processability to those made with NO, but had improved thermal stability, mechanical properties after aging, and ozone resistance. This was due to the strong LGNR–filler interaction and additional crosslinks formed between LGNR and the rubber matrices. The glass transition temperature of SBR composites was reduced by LGNR because of its increased molecular mobility. Thus, unlike NO, LGNR processing aid can simultaneously improve rubber composite durability, dynamic performance and renewability. The commercialization of LGNR has the potential to open a new sustainable processing-aid market.

The application of nano silica as a potential, cost-efficient green filler in acrylonitrile butadiene rubber vulcanizates containing carboxy-terminated liquid natural rubber

The challenge of sustainable development demands renewable natural sources. Natural rubber is one of the major plantation crops in the equatorial region, where there is a tremendous scope for tapping solar energy. The carboxy-terminated liquid natural rubber (CTNR) was commercially prepared by the sunlight irradiation of a solution of maleic anhydride and masticated natural rubber. Carboxy-terminated liquid natural rubber (CTNR) can be used as a polymeric plasticizer in acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) vulcanizates. As a reinforcing filler in rubber products, bio compatible green silica is rapidly replacing carcinogenic carbon black. This paper describes the cost-effective application of eco-friendly nano silica, which can improve the tensile properties, rebound resilience, compression set, ageing and oil resistance and reduce the heat build-up of the NBR vulcanizates. The properties of nano silica–filled NBR vulcanizates containing CTNR (NS NBR -CTNR) were compared with those containing amorphous silica. The enhancement in properties, exhibited by NS NBR-CTNR vulcanizates, may be attributed to the increased bound rubber content resulting from the large surface area of the nano-sized filler. The superior retention of properties after ageing and oil extraction shown by NS NBR-CTNR vulcanizates may be due to the better rubber filler interaction, ionic crosslinking and co–cross-linking of CTNR to NBR. The use of a combination of a conventional plasticizer and CTNR in nano silica–filled NBR is found to be promising.

THE RUTTING RESISTANCE AND RESILIENT MODULI OF PRE-VULCANIZED LIQUID NATURAL RUBBER MODIFIED ASPHALTIC CONCRETE IN WARM-MIX TEMPERATURE CONDITION

Pre-Vulcanized Liquid Natural Rubber (PVLNR) modified asphalt leaves problems such as increasing the viscosity, thereby increasing the mixing and compaction temperature up to 175 °C, accelerating the ageing process. Therefore it is necessary to do developing methods using PVLNR at lower mixing temperatures requires warm-mix technology. This study aimed to evaluate the use of PVLNR modified asphalt in warm mix asphalt (WMA). Laboratory testing includes rheological modified asphalt, the workability analysis, Resilient Modulus and Deformation. The results showed that the PVLNR content decreased penetration increased the softening point and asphalt viscosity. In addition, additive Rediset LQ plays a role in reducing asphalt viscosity. The advantages of PVLNR modified asphalt are increasing elastic recovery, saving asphalt consumption and increasing the Modulus of hot mix asphalt rubber (HAR) and warm mix asphalt rubber (WAR). In addition, the Rutting resistance of WAR is better than that of HMA and WMA.