Liquid Insecticides Research Articles

Efficacy of selected insecticide sprays against Indian meal moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) wandering larvae on various surfaces

The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a worldwide pest found in food product warehouses. Presence of P. interpunctella wandering larvae causes customer complaints and product rejection from customers. Its prepupal stage is susceptible to insecticide treatment due to their wandering behavior. We evaluated the efficacy of three insecticide sprays, ExciteR (0.017% pyrethrins, 0.174% piperonyl butoxide), Suspend SC (0.053% deltamethrin), and Transport Mikron (0.047% acetamiprid, 0.056% bifenthrin) against P. interpunctella wandering larvae by forced exposure to porous (vinyl tile, unpainted pinewood, concrete, and paper) and non-porous (steel, glazed ceramic) surfaces, and exposure to treated harborages made of two pieces of vinyl tiles, unpainted pinewood, and concrete. Under continuous exposure conditions, both ExciteR and Suspend SC caused significantly higher mortality (90–96%) than Transport Mikron (73–75%) on non-porous surfaces after 4 days (P < 0.05). But on porous surfaces, the three insecticides caused ≤63% mortality with Suspend SC being the most effective. When using 2× amount of insecticides as that in the previous test (2.1 gallon/1000 ft2, which is 4.33, 1.20, and 2.33 mg a.i./m2 of ExciteR, Suspend SC, and Transport Mikron, respectively), Suspend SC was the only insecticide causing high mortality (≥99%) through both forced exposure to concrete surface and exposure to treated concrete harborage. Whereas other treatments caused <12% mortality. Among the porous surfaces, residual efficacy of Suspend SC on concrete was significantly higher than that on vinyl tiles. Application of an effective liquid insecticide (such as 0.053% deltamethrin) into harborages or directly to the possible pupation sites, such as corners, cracks, and crevices could be an effective strategy for managing P. interpunctella wandering larvae in warehouse environment.

Improving Sphenophorus levis Adult Mortality Through Solid Insecticide Applications and Increased Insecticide Dose.

The sugarcane weevil (Sphenophorus levis Vaurie, 1978) is currently considered the most important sugarcane pest in Brazil, causing significant yield losses. Application methods of insecticides for S. levis control have not been effective, mostly due to the insect's cryptic behavior below the soil surface which suppresses the correct placement of insecticide active ingredients on target. Two experiments were conducted using an innovative bioassay methodology that simulates sugarcane field conditions to effectively evaluate S. levis adult mortality and insecticide residues in the soil under different treatments. The first experiment aimed to assess the efficacy of two liquid- and solid-applied insecticides, while the second aimed to examine the effect of increasing the dose of lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam on S. levis adult control. The novel bioassays simulated liquid and solid insecticide applications on sugarcane by exposing S. levis adults to chemical residuals on rhizomes and in soil after insecticide application. In the first experiment, low S. levis adult control was detected (< 53% mortality) across all treatments, where both solid and liquid applications of lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam provided greater efficacy levels than imidacloprid and control treatments, respectively. Solid applications maintained higher insecticide concentrations in the soil for longer periods than liquid insecticide applications, providing maximum insect control levels 7days after application. The second experiment revealed that solid applications at higher insecticide doses significantly improved control of S. levis adult (76.7% mortality) and resulted in greater insecticide concentrations in the soil compared to the recommended label rate (58.8% mortality).

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Liquid Insecticide

Extensive usage of commercially available synthetic pesticides against phytophagous insects has resulted in their bio-accumulation in the environment, leading to a rise in resistance and a decrease in soil biodiversity over time. In addition, 90% of the sprayed pesticides penetrate the different natural resources via runoff, exposing farmers and consumers of agricultural products to serious health risks. As a result, increasing emphasis has been placed on the creation of environmentally benign pesticides/insecticides that would enable an effective pest management system and minimise chronic exposures that contribute to illnesses. The utilization of the herbal active compounds with insecticidal activities is one such technique. Hence the aim of this study was to develop herbal insecticide formulations from extracts of leaves of Azadirachta Indica, Datura Stramonium, Cascabela Thevetia and seeds of Annona Squamosa. Insecticidal efficacy of developed formulations was tested in-vitro against ballworm larvae. The study unveiled its significance in developing herbal insecticidal formulations as an alternative to harmful synthetic chemical insecticides and a step forward towards development of a promising eco-friendly technology in crop protection.&#x0D; Keywords: Insecticides, Biopesticide, Azadirachta indica, Datura Stramonium, Annona Squamosa, Cascabela Thevetia.

Evaluation of liquid insecticide formulations at planting for larval corn rootworm control, 2022A

Evaluation of liquid insecticide formulations at planting for larval corn rootworm control, 2022A

Evaluation of granular and liquid insecticide formulations at planting for larval corn rootworm control, 2022

Evaluation of granular and liquid insecticide formulations at planting for larval corn rootworm control, 2022

Insecticidal Management of Rangeland Grasshoppers Using a Remotely Piloted Aerial Application System

Grasshoppers are integral parts of rangeland ecosystems but also have the potential to reach population densities high enough (outbreaks) to cause serious economic damage from forage loss and affect adjacent crops. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of treating grasshopper population hotspots with a liquid insecticide using a remotely piloted aerial application system (RPAAS), as opposed to fixed-wing aircraft, which is the most common method currently in use. A liquid insecticide, Sevin XLR PLUS (containing carbaryl), was applied on replicated 4.05-hectare (10-acre) plots with an RPAAS on a ranch in New Mexico. Our results demonstrated that Sevin XLR PLUS significantly suppressed grasshopper populations over a 14-day period (normalized population reduction was 79.11 ± 8.35% SEM) and quite rapidly (mostly by day 3) compared to untreated controls. These results are comparable to those achieved with fixed-wing aircraft. The RPAAS covered the whole test area in a single flight in approximately 5 min, making these population hotspot treatment applications relatively rapid, potentially more cost-effective, and more targeted in comparison to fixed-wing aircraft. Before adoption as an application method option, further research is recommended on using an RPAAS to cover larger areas in combination with using diflubenzuron-based insecticides, which are often preferred.

Optimization Model of Use of Production in Order to Increase Production and Eficiency of Potato Business in Kerinci District, Jambi Province

This research aims to; analyze the optimization model of the use of production inputs in order to increase production and the efficiency of potato farming. This study uses cross-section data from 62 farmers. Sampling was done by Simple Random Sampling. The approach taken to examine the response of production to inputs is made descriptively. The production and efficiency functions are estimated using the stochastic frontier production function and the dual cost function. The results showed that there was no optimal use of production inputs. The frontier production function was mainly determined by the input of seed production of SP-36 fertilizer, KCL fertilizer, and liquid insecticide. The determinants of optimal production are determined by the use of seeds, urea fertilizer, and the use of drugs. The optimal use of inputs can produce an optimal production of 21,768 kg, while the actual production is only 12,250 kg. The use of seeds, SP-36 fertilizer, organic fertilizers, liquid insecticides, and labor are risk-reducing productivity factors. The technical efficiency of potato farming is in the medium category (ET=0.6644). Sources of technical inefficiency mainly come from the land area, age, and distance of farming land. Meanwhile, income, farming experience education and the number of family members reduce the occurrence of technical inefficiency. Farmers' behavior in responding to productivity risks is the average risk taker.

In-Furrow Liquid and Granular Insecticides Applied at Corn Planting for Rootworm Larval Management and Yield Assesment, 2019

In-Furrow Liquid and Granular Insecticides Applied at Corn Planting for Rootworm Larval Management and Yield Assesment, 2019

Evaluation of Liquid and Granular Insecticide Formulations at Planting for Larval Corn Rootworm Control, 2021

Evaluation of Liquid and Granular Insecticide Formulations at Planting for Larval Corn Rootworm Control, 2021

Аналітичний огляд технічних рішень голчастих ротаційних знарядь для внесення рідких добрив у шар ґрунту

The purpose of the research is to identify trends in the technical development of needle rotary means for injecting liquid mixtures into the soil layer, taking into account the essence of the technological operation, as a control action to change the state of the soil. Research methods - analysis and generalization of essential features of technical solutions of needle tools for processing and applying liquid fertilizers to the soil layer. In order to develop criteria for evaluating technical solutions, scientific research on the classification of tools of this type and generalized interpretations of the essence of technological operations of tillage, application of chemicals, sowing, etc. were preliminary analyzed. Research results. An analysis from the point of view of the possibility of controlling the process and the degree of its implementation by a specific instrument allows to assess the place of a specific tool in the development stage. In accordance with the "System of properties and indicators of soil condition" [Vetokhin 2009], any introduction / extraction of matter, energy and / or information is considered a controlling factor in changing the state of the system, the ultimate goal of which is to change the level of metabolic processes and, as a result, to change the yield. An increase in the information component of processes is considered to be a tendency in the development of agricultural technologies and technical means aimed at a radical reduction in resource consumption [Vetokhin, Altybaev 2019]. One of the first technical solutions of needle tools for applying liquid to the soil layer is known from the American patent of 1898 [Morris, 1898]. The aim of the inventor is to provide a device adapted to form a hole in the soil for receiving a plant and supplying water to the hole. The current state of the development of technical means is illustrated by the invention, patented in the USA, RF and EU, "Systems, methods and devices for the introduction of agricultural liquids" [Stoller et al., 2020], [Radtke et al., 2020], [Levy et al., 2015]. A qualitatively new level is achieved by the inclusion of sensors of the current state of the soil in the process control system. Sensors come in contact with the soil to monitor its condition, in particular, density, temperature, humidity, percentage of carbon, organic matter, potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, etc. In a fluid delivery system, each of the outlets is connected to separate sources of input material and may contain dissimilar fluid materials, for example, different types of fertilizers, liquid insecticides. Conclusions. It has been established that the technical solutions of needle tools have been developed from manual devices of periodic action to rotary needle tools of continuous action for dosed application of complex fertilizers and simultaneous loosening of the soil. The next step in technical development is to expect the creation of automated complexes with rotary needle working bodies, which are able to continuously assess the condition of the soil and control the process of loosening and applying agricultural materials with different doses along each row. A promising stage of technical and technological development is the creation of means that will directly control metabolic processes in a system with a layer of soil. In a scientific sense, the study of trends in the development of technical means confirmed the previously published theoretical generalization of soil properties in relation to the process of managing its condition with minimal resource costs.

Desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forskal) and its management: A review

The desert locust [Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal)] (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is one of the world’s most dangerous and destructive migratory pests. It is a highly voracious and polyphagous insect. Its swarms can travel hundreds of kilometers per day and infest areas covering millions of square kilometers, resulting in substantial crop losses. We synthesize published research data and reports on the life cycle, behavior, phases, and damage of the desert locust, as well as its possible management practices, in this study. There are diffi-culties involved in estimating locust populations because locust swarms are highly mobile. Cultural control, baiting, dusting with insecticide, and spraying liquid insecticides (chemical or biological) using ultra-low volume (ULV) application are all options for control-ling locust swarms. Improved knowledge on pest biology, as well as more efficient monitoring and control strategies, are essential com-ponents of an effective management strategy.

Efficiency and persistence of insecticides with different action mechanisms applied on wheat stored pest sitophilus zeamais

Sitophilus zeamais is the most important insect-plague among stored grain pests. The method of chemical control based on phosphine is the most used for its control, however, this method presents some inconveniences, being a costly method in labor and dangerous to the operators from the toxicological point of view. Thus, the use of preventive control, which consists of the application of liquid insecticides on the mass of grains, during the loading of the warehouse, appears as an alternative against the attack of the pests that tend to settle in the mass of grains. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency and persistence of insecticides with different mechanisms of action on S. zeamais on stored wheat, simulating ideal storage conditions. An experiment was performed composed of the active ingredients: abamectin, spinosad, lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole, bifenthrin as a positive control, and the negative control was distilled water. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with four replicates. The wheat was stored in Gerbox containing 250 grams, all samples being treated directly in these containers by spraying the liquid on the wheat grains. After spraying, the samples were homogenized and infested with 15 adult individuals of S. zeamais and deposited in an air conditioned room at 30 ± 1 °C and relative humidity of 30 ± 2%, in order to provide conditions of high biological activity of the insects. The active ingredients spinosad and abamectin promoted a 100% control of S. zeamais up to 120 days of conduction of this assay. Regarding biological persistence, the active ingredients lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole and bifenthrin had control effects up to 60 days after application while the active principles abamectin and spinosad persisted until the end of the bioassay observations

Efficacy Evaluation of Liquid and Granular Insecticides Applied In-Furrow for Corn Rootworm With a Starter Fertilizer, 2019

Efficacy Evaluation of Liquid and Granular Insecticides Applied In-Furrow for Corn Rootworm With a Starter Fertilizer, 2019

Evaluation of Liquid and Granular Insecticide Products for Corn Rootworm Efficacy and Yields, 2018

Evaluation of Liquid and Granular Insecticide Products for Corn Rootworm Efficacy and Yields, 2018

Actions Toward Containment, Control, and Eradication of Invasive Conehead Termites (Blattodea: Isoptera: Termitidae)

AbstractEarly, strategic IPM actions can eradicate relatively new invasive conehead termite [Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky) (Blattodea: Isoptera: Termitidae)] populations, preventing negative economic and ecological consequences should this pest of agriculture, structures, and natural areas become permanently established and spread. Conspicuous foraging tunnels and above-ground nests are key aspects of N. corniger biology that render colonies vulnerable to discovery and elimination. Because the goal is eradication, the termites must be controlled wherever found—structure, yard, park, overgrown lot, orchard, forest, natural area, etc. Effective IPM methods exist to contain, control, and eradicate invasive nasutes. Removing and safely disposing dead plant material and stored wood helps reduce termite food and harborage, enables liquid insecticides to penetrate soil, and facilitates access for inspections. IPM involves a combination of physical interventions including nest destruction teamed with targeted insecticide applications, followed by diligent monitoring. Fumigation is required only in unusual situations. By killing colonies and reducing overall population size, alate (swarmer) dispersal can be reduced or eliminated, thus substantially slowing—with goal of halting—infested zone expansion. This paper details specific approaches, protocols, and recommendations for detection, treatment, transport prevention, and risk-based monitoring. We present practical suggestions regarding outreach, advocacy, partnerships with stakeholders, and networking with informed professionals. All recommendations stem from the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services’ invasive conehead termite program’s best practices and lessons learned experiences during significant mitigation progress, with eradication of two populations of invasive coneheads that spread from a single introduction into Florida as an achievable goal.

Evaluation of Seed Applied Treatments and Liquid Insecticide Formulations at Planting for Larval Corn Rootworm Control, 2020

Evaluation of Seed Applied Treatments and Liquid Insecticide Formulations at Planting for Larval Corn Rootworm Control, 2020

Comparative Efficacy of Residual Insecticides against the Turkestan Cockroach, Blatta lateralis, (Blattodea: Blattidae) on Different Substrates.

The Turkestan cockroach, Blatta lateralis (Walker) is an invasive urban pest prevalent throughout the Southwestern United States. Despite the presence of this cockroach in peridomestic areas, there is limited information on strategies that can be utilized by pest management professionals (PMPs) to effectively manage populations of this pest. We evaluated the efficacy of dry residues of liquid insecticides commonly used for household and structural insect pest control: Tandem (0.10% thiamethoxam, 0.03% lambda-cyhalothrin), Transport GHP (0.05% acetamiprid, 0.06% bifenthrin), Temprid SC (0.10% imidacloprid, 0.05% beta-cyfluthrin), Demand CS (0.06% lambda-cyhalothrin), Talstar P (0.06% bifenthrin), and Phantom (0.5% chlorfenapyr) on three different substrates against Turkestan cockroach nymphs. Except for Phantom and Talstar P, all insecticide formulations killed 100% of the cockroaches on concrete, 89–100% on tile, and 77–100% on wood within 4 days. The rate of cockroach mortality varied according to the substrates to which they were exposed. Temprid SC and Transport GHP killed cockroaches faster on tile than wood. Tandem provided a faster mortality rate than Transport GHP and Temprid SC on concrete. Demand CS and Tandem killed cockroaches at similar rates on the three substrates. This study provides information to guide PMPs in their selection of insecticide formulations for the management of Turkestan cockroach infestations.

Comparisons between different fire ants control methods in urban environments

Many homemade methods are recommended for the control of fire ants, but the choice of a control method for this ants in the urban environment is necessary in view of the damage they have caused to the environment and human health. Thus, the objective of this work was to compare the efficiency of chemical (liquid insecticide and granular insecticide) and homemade (hot water and detergent water) methods used to control these ants in urban gardens. The study was conducted in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. The treatments were applied only once on Solenopsis saevissima colonies: (T1) Hot water, (T2) Water with detergente, (T3) Liquid insecticide and (T4) Granular inseticide. To determine the amount of applied product in T1, T2 and T3 treatments, colonies were selected by linear size and for treatment T4, colonies were classified by volume. the colonies were monitored monthly for four consecutive months (July to October) to evaluate the effectiveness of the control method employed. The treatments presented distinct performances in fire ants control in urban area, being the liquid insecticide the most efficient in eliminating the colonies. With this study we were able to evaluate the impacts caused by each treatment, as well as the pros and cons of using each one of them, and finally, we suggest an efficient fire ants control method with lower cost per colony and less impact on the environment.

Chemical-based strategies to control the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte

The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is one of the most severe pests of cultivated maize, Zea mays L. Most of the damage to this crop is caused by larvae feeding on the root system, causing important economic costs in terms of yield losses and management efforts.This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of different chemical control strategies to minimize larval damage in maize fields under natural infestation of the pest. Field-based research was performed in a two-year period (2011–2012) in five locations of northern Italy. Different insecticide strategies (belonging to the pyrethroid, neonicotinoid or organophosphate classes) were compared to an untreated control. The effects on larval infestation, root damage, silage and grain yield were assessed.Our data highlighted that insecticide application at sowing led to a significant reduction in the WCR larval density, both considering insecticide seed treatments and in-furrow soil applications. In particular, seed-applied clothianidin (systemic) and tefluthrin (non-systemic) applied at sowing led to a maximum increase in grain yield of 18% and 19% respectively, when compared to the untreated control.In all the surveyed plots, limited plant lodging was observed. Furthermore, while the silage yield did not significantly differ among untreated and treated plots, significant differences were recorded with regard to grain yield. No significant results occurred with the liquid insecticide applied in the intra-row space at ridging, with regard to reduction in WCR larval density and grain yield.

Effectiveness of Granular and Liquid Insecticides against &lt;i&gt;Chilo partellus&lt;/i&gt; on Maize in Pakistan

Effectiveness of Granular and Liquid Insecticides against &lt;i&gt;Chilo partellus&lt;/i&gt; on Maize in Pakistan