The PVD coatings still suffer from a low bonding strength and the formation of droplet particles and micro-pores on the surface, resulting in poor tribological properties. Laser post-processing is an effective method of reducing droplets of the coatings surface and introducing the compressive stress to the coating/substrate interface. In this work, the effect of laser post-treatment at different speeds (1000 mm/s, 1500 mm/s, 2000 mm/s) in air and liquid environment on the bonding strength and tribological performance of PVD TiAlN coatings were investigated, which were evaluated by indentation test, scratch test and balls-on-disc wear test. Results show that, compared to the unprocessed TiAlN coatings, the coatings treated by laser post-processing exhibited a higher critical loads due to the high compressive stress and formation of a relatively flat surface consisting of uniform and periodic micro-textures. Among the TiAlN coatings with different surface treatments, the maximum critical adhesion loads of 8.16 N was obtained by the liquid-assisted laser treated coatings at speed of 2000 mm/s, resulting in the best tribological performance with the lowest friction coefficient and highest wear life. This work provides valuable information for the design of laser treated PVD coated surface, and the liquid phase assisted laser treating has promising applications in the field of high-performance protective coatings.