Liquefaction Of Sugarcane Bagasse Research Articles

Effect of solvent on hydro-solvothermal co liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse and polyethylene for bio-oil production in ethanol–water system

This study aims to investigate the role of water and ethanol in ethanol/water mixed solvent system, co-liquefaction of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) to produce high quality bio-oil. It was revealed that various ethanol/water mixing ratios led to various reaction mechanisms, which indicates that there is a clear synergy effect between water and ethanol liquefaction process in three reaction media. The conversion and bio-oil yield approach were in the order of pure water < pure ethanol < water/ethanol mixed solvent regardless of the feedstock composition. Furthermore, detailed analysis of bio-oils was preformed such as CHNS/O analysis, chemical composition, 13C and 1H NMR analysis, higher heating value (HHV), TGA and FTIR analysis. The sugarcane bagasse-plastics derived bio-oil was found effective to enhance the qualitative properties of bio-oils compared from the pure sugarcane bagasse. The co-liquefaction of HDPE and SCB in mixed solvent was found more effective to enhance the qualitative and quantitative features of bio-oils compared to sole water and ethanol solvent.

Influence of carbon nanotubes on the properties of biopolyol based polyurethane foams

Biopolyols were obtained from liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse and rice husk. Acid and hydroxyl numbers were determined for estimating the polyol value of the liquid products. These prepared biopolyols were mixed with the commercial polyol for the preparation of polyurethane foam (PU). To study the effects of biopolyol on properties of PU foam, various ratios of biopolyol to commercial polyol were used. It was observed that the density and foaming time of the PU foam increases with the increase in biopolyol content. The calculated Isocyanate index showed that sugarcane bagasse polyol can be used to make flexible foam and that rice husk can be used to make rigid foam. Foaming times and full rise times increased with increase in the biopolyol content. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of prepared foams showed the characteristic peaks related to PU foam. The morphological studies were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal conductivity tests proved that the synthesized PU foams can be used as insulating materials. Further, PU foams were also prepared with the incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the polyol. The densities, thermal conductivities and SEM analysis of PU foams with and without carbon nanotubes were compared.

Physical and Chemical Stability of Bagasse Biocrude from Liquefaction Stored in Real Conditions

The stability of biocrude produced from the liquefaction of sugarcane bagasse in ethanol was observed. The degradation characteristics of biocrude and reference fuels, such as diesel, waste cooking oil biodiesel, and their blends, were studied under three different storage environments and temperatures over 24 weeks, namely, hot (43 °C), cold (4 °C), and outdoor (variable temperature) conditions. Higher Heating Values of biocrude had only small changes for all storage conditions, and this was similar to the behavior of the reference fuels. Density changes were significant in hot conditions for biocrude oil compared with outdoor and cold conditions. The change in chemical composition reflects changes in densities. Upon different storage conditions, the chemical composition of waste cooking oil biodiesel and biocrude changed considerably over the time period, whereas diesel and biodiesel blend B20 remained relatively stable. The instability of the biocrude was mainly due to oxygenated compounds, especially ...

Bio-Oil from Hydro-Liquefaction of Bagasse in Supercritical Ethanol

The liquefaction of sugar cane bagasse in supercritical ethanol, with or without various proportions of water as a proton donor, was conducted in a batch reactor to evaluate the optimal conditions for bio-oil production. The following variables were studied: temperature, initial H2 pressure, and catalyst type (FeS, Fe2S3/AC, and FeSO4). For noncatalytic liquefaction using ∼100% (v/v) ethanol, a high oil yield of 59.6% (daf) and biomass conversion of 89.8% were obtained at 330 °C under initial H2 pressure of 4.93 MPa. For catalytic liquefaction in the presence of FeSO4 under the same conditions, the oil yield increased to 73.8% (daf) and the biomass conversion reached 99.9%. The bio-oil obtained had a 1.81-fold higher heating value (26.8 MJ/kg) than the original starting sugar cane bagasse (14.8 MJ/kg). From gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, the dominant components of the liquefaction oil were found to be phenolic compounds, aldehydes, and esters, such as phenol, phenol derivatives, and furan derivatives.

Upgrading of Sugar Cane Bagasse by Thermal Processes 9. Catalytic Liquefaction in Ethanol

This article presents the results of a study on the process of direct catalytic liquefaction of sugar cane bagasse, using ethanol as solvent. A systematic study with 12 different types of commercially available catalysts was accomplished. For each catalyst, the conversion yield of sugar cane bagasse into liquefied products, which are useful as liquid fuels and chemical feedstocks, was determined. The highest conver sion yield was observed when a nickel catalyst on SiO2-Al2 O3 was used. The liquefied products were fractionated into oils, asphaltenes, and asphaltols. The oil samples were separated and then fractionated into eight different chemical classes by preparative liquid chromatography. The highest proportion of light-oils (F1 to F5) was obtained with the potassium fluoride catalyst on silica gel. High proportions of resins (F6) were obtained with three types of catalysts: nickel on SiO2-Al2 O3 , ruthenium, or platinum on activated carbon powder. The highest proportion of asphaltenes (F7) and of asphaltols (F8) were obtained with the niobium oxide catalyst.

Upgrading of Sugar Cane Bagasse by Thermal Processes 10. Catalytic Liquefaction in Aqueous Medium

This work presents the results of a study of a process of direct catalytic liquefaction of sugar cane bagasse, in aqueous medium, using different pH values. The experiments were conducted in the absence as well as in the presence of commercial catalysts. In the absence of catalyst, the results showed that the conversion of sugar cane bagasse into liquefied products is not influenced by the pH of the reaction mixture. An increase in the temperature augments the yield of liquefied products. The utilization of different commercial catalysts permits an increase in the yields of liquefied products up to 92.4 % , obtained with 10 % palladium on activated carbon powder as catalyst. The liquefied products were fractionated into eight different chemical classes by preparative liquid chromatography (PLC-8 method). In the absence of catalyst, high conversion yields into light-oils and resins (fractions F1 to F6)was observed only at pH 9. When the catalysts were used (at pH 9 and at 370 C), an important increase (from 29 to 78 %) of resins (fraction F6) was observed. Under this condition, the proportion of asphaltenes and asphaltols (fractions F7 and F8) decreases from 70 to 20 %.

UPGRADING OF SUGAR CANE BAGASSE BY THERMAL PROCESSES. 8. DIRECT LIQUEFACTION WITH N-ALCOHOLS

The liquefaction of sugar cane bagasse has been an important approach to produce liquid fuels and chemical feedstocks from biomass. In the present work a process has been investigated using a series of n-alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and pentanol as the conversion media. The liquefaction studies were made in an autoclave containing the bagasse and the solvent, pressurized with hydrogen (-70 bar) and heated to 370°C for 60 minutes. The products were fractionated by preparative liquid chromatography in order to study the group-type distribution. The results obtained from liquefaction of sugar cane bagasse by ethanol suggests that this could be a good option as an alternative fuel source.

UPGRADING OF SUGAR CANE BAGASSE BY THERMAL PROCESSES. 7. CATALYTIC LIQUEFACTION IN MONOETHANOLAMINE (MEA) AND PRELIMINARY FRACTIONATION OF THE OBTAINED PRODUCTS

ABSTRACT The liquefaction of sugar cane bagasse in monoethanolamine (MEA) in the presence of catalysts (zeolite A, non-zeolitic aluminosilicate and zinc chloride) as well as in the absence of catalysts is described in this paper. The influence of the catalysts on the yield of the generated products is verified through a fractionation method based on relative solubility parameters. The influence of the catalysts on the conversion yield was also verified. The catalysts that yields the greater quantity of oils is the non-zeolitic aluminosilicate. However, in the overall conversion process of sugar cane bagasse, the most efficient catalyst was found to be zeolite A.

UPGRADING OF SUGAR CANE BAGASSE BY THERMAL PROCESSES. 4. COAL CO-PROCESSING USING SUGAR CANE BAGASSE OIL AS SOLVENT

Abstract In the present work, coal co-processing with sugar cane bagasse oil was studied for the first time. Sugar cane bagasse was chosen due to its great offer, since it is a residue in the process of a large project named PROALCOOL aiming the producing ethanolfrom sugarcane. In addition, the liquefaction of sugar cane bagasse with monoethanolamine was already developed in our laboratory showing good results. Four coal samples were studied. The yields of the total conversion and the oil productions were obtained in order to evaluate the efficiency of the liquefaction process studied.

UPGRADING OF SUGAR CANE BAGASSE BY THERMAL PROCESSES. 3. CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM THE CATALYTIC LIQUEFACTION OF BAGASSE WITH MONOETHANOLAMINE

Abstract The products obtained from liquefaction of sugar cane bagasse with monoethanolamine were characterized using a variety of methods: elemental analysis and UV-visible, FTIR, H1NMR and C13NMR spectrometries. The oils were separated by conventional solubility techniques and were further fractionated into eight fractions (saturated, monoaromatic, diaromatic, triaromatic and poliaromatic hydrocarbons, resins, asphaltenes and pre-asphaltenes). These fractions were characterized by capillary gas cromatograpy with flame ionization detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Data obtained from simulated distillation of the oils provided useful information regarding product quality.

Effects of pre-irradiation with X-rays on the liquefaction of sugar cane bagasse

In a search for new energy and chemical feedstocks the pre-irradiation of sugar cane bagasse with X-rays before the conversion process has been studied. Different X-ray doses for the pre-irradiation process were used after which the samples were submitted to a liquefaction process. The product obtained was then submitted to a PLC-8 fractionation. It was verified that pre-irradiation to low doses increases the yield of the liquid product obtained. It was also observed that the product quality can be altered by controlling the irradiation process. An increase in the relative concentrations of hydrocarbons and resins as a function of pre-irradiation suggests the potential use of these fibers as feedstocks.

Liquefaction of sugar cane bagasse with formate and water

Sugar cane bagasse is available in large quantities in Brazil. Its liquefaction with formate inert gas and base CO in water is studied. The formate inert gas system is the most effective under certain conditions, resulting in higher conversion and better yields of heavy oils. However, the heavy oils are highly oxygenated and solidify on standing in air. As a byproduct, considerable amounts of water-soluble, unextractable carboxylic acids are formed. Systematic studies are carried out with the formate inert gas system to determine the reaction conditions appropriate for a future semi-continuous bench-scale reactor. A possible mechanism for the conversion reaction with formate is discussed.