Lipid Profile Parameters Research Articles

Gastroesophageal reflux disease influences blood pressure components, lipid profile and cardiovascular diseases: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder associated with a range of cardiovascular and metabolic complications. However, the relationship between GERD and blood pressure components, lipid profile, and cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. Leveraging genetic variants associated with GERD as instrumental variables, we performed this Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Blood pressure components, lipid profile parameters, as well as cardiovascular diseases were considered as outcomes. Furthermore, we conducted reverse MR analysis to explore the association of these factors with the risk of GERD. Our MR analysis discovered a potential causal influence of GERD on blood pressure components, with genetically predicted GERD positively associated with systolic blood pressure (β = 0.053, P = 0.036), diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.100, P < 0.001), and mean arterial pressure (β = 0.106, P < 0.001). Additionally, genetically predicted GERD showed a significant impact on lipid profile, leading to increased genetically predicted levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (β = 0.093, P < 0.001), and triglycerides (β = 0.153, P < 0.001), while having a negative effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (β = -0.115, P = 0.002). Furthermore, our study indicated a noteworthy causal association between genetically predicted GERD and increased risk of myocardial infarction [odds ratio (OR) = 1.272, P = 0.019)] and hypertension (OR = 1.357, P < 0.001). No significant association was found between GERD and pulse pressure, total cholesterol, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation (P > 0.05). Reverse MR analysis indicates that blood pressure components, lipid profile, and cardiovascular diseases do not lead to an increased risk of GERD (all P > 0.05). Furthermore, mediation MR analysis reveals that LDL cholesterol (proportion mediated: 19.99%, 95% CI: 4.49% to 35.50%), HDL cholesterol (proportion mediated: 11.71%, 95% CI: 5.23% to 18.19%), and hypertension (proportion mediated: 35.09%, 95% CI: 24.66% to 45.53%) mediated the effect of GERD on myocardial infarction, while other factors did not participate in this pathway. This MR study provides evidence supporting a causal relationship between GERD and alterations in blood pressure components, lipid profile, and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Zinc Deficiency and Impact on Lipid Profiles in Malnourished Children in Senegal

Aims: Zinc is an important element for the body because of the role it plays in the structure but also in the catalytic activity of several metabolic enzymes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the zinc status in malnourished children and its association with lipid profile parameters. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional and prospective analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: This is a fifteen-month study, conducted at the Diamniadio Children's Hospital. Children under five years of age, malnourished according to the weight/height ratio were selected after parental. Methodology: The study population comprised 176 children with a sex ratio of 1, of whom 49% with severe acute malnutrition, 41% moderately malnourished and 10% undernourished. Zinc was determined using Biosystem's® 5 Br PAPS colorimetric method. To compare the groups, we used the Chi-squared test (X2) or the Fisher's exact test. For the comparison of quantitative variables between the targeted groups, we used the ANOVA test. Zinc, total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDLc) and LDL cholesterol (LDLc) were significantly lower in the malnourished. Hypozincemia was found in 66% of children. TC, HDLc and triglycerides (TG) are significantly lower in malnourished patients with hypozincemia with a mean average of 2.99 ± 1.31 mmol/L (p&lt; 0.001), 0.56 ± 0.36 mmol/L (p=0.007) and 1.73 ± 0.85 mmol/L (p=0.004), respectively. There is a positive correlation between zinc and the various lipid profile parameters. TC (r=0.314; &lt; 0.001), HDLc (r=0.326; p&lt; 0.001), LDLc (r=0.200; p=0.008) and TG (r= 0.229; p=0.002). Conclusion: The management of hypozincemia is essential within the follow-up of malnourished children. Zinc supplementation can prevent dyslipidemia, which is secondary to malnutrition and serve as a preventive measure against dyslipidemia in malnourished children.

The Influence of Atorvastatin Treatment on Homocysteine Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in an Experimental Model of Diabetic Rats

Objective: In our experimental study, we evaluated the influence of treatment with atorvastatin on the antioxidant activity of intracellular and extracellular systems factors, homocysteine levels (Hcy), and lipid profiles in obese and diabetic rats. Method: Twenty-one male Wistar rats, aged 6 months, 450–550 g, were allocated into three groups. From the beginning of the study, the first group (G-I, control) received only standard food, while the second and third groups (G II—obese, G III—diabetic) were administered a high-fat diet (HFD) with 2% cholesterol. After 2 weeks of accommodation, the specimens in G-III were injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) streptozotocin (35 mg of body weight, pH 4.5), intervention followed by the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Following confirmation of diabetes onset, the specimens in G III were administered concomitantly with the HFD a daily gavage of atorvastatin 20 mg of body weight/day for 20 days. We measured, at the beginning and the end of the study, the Hcy levels, lipid profile, vitamin B12, B6, folic acid, and various parameters of oxidative stress (OS)—total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results: After treatment with atorvastatin, the lipid profile in G III significantly improved compared to the other two groups, but enzymatic markers of oxidative stress did not closely parallel this trend. However, after the treatment of statin, we observed an important reduction in Hcy values. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that treatment with atorvastatin can be used not only for its lipid-lowering properties and antioxidant effects but also to reduce Hcy concentration in this experimental model of diabetic rats. Moreover, atorvastatin therapy improves lipid profiles, reduces inflammation, suppresses oxidation, and decreases Hcy levels, potentially preventing major adverse cardiovascular events.

Serum megalin levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus with and without cardiovascular disease

ABSTRACT Background: Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-2 (LRP2), also called megalin, is a multi-ligand receptor of the LDL receptor gene family mediating reabsorption of ligands like Apo-A1. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may possibly disrupt megalin functions as it is found to be regulated by insulin. This might cause cardiovascular complications due to derangement in lipoprotein metabolism. The current study was carried out to assess the serum megalin levels among T2DM individuals with cardiovascular complications in the Indian population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 80 patients with T2DM. 40 T2DM patients with known cardiovascular disease were selected as cases and 40 of those without evidence of cardiovascular disease were selected as controls. Demographic details, DM duration and class of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) used were collected from medical records while details of lipid profile, fasting glucose, serum creatinine and urea were collected from laboratory information system. Serum megalin levels were estimated using left-over samples by ELISA. Results: The study groups showed no statistical significance in baseline laboratory parameters except for serum creatinine and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). Mean serum megalin levels were statistically insignificant between cases and controls (0.91 ± 0.78 ng/mL vs. 0.85 ± 0.69 ng/mL, P 0.74).The subgroup analysis of serum megalin levels based on OHA consumption among cases was also statistically insignificant (P 0.056). Pearson’s correlational analysis was statistically insignificant between serum megalin and lipid profile parameters among cases (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Serum megalin alone may not serve as a biomarker for cardiovascular disease.

Regional and ethnic factors of obesity and diabetes mellitus in women of re-productive age in the Pribaikal region

Introduction. Overweight is currently one of the leading global medical problems. Overweight and obesity contribute significantly to the development of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorder and can also cause premature death. Obesity has a negative impact on reproductive function; almost a quarter of women of childbearing age are overweight and about a third of them are obese.Aim. To study the characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism, hormonal indicators, and clinical-metabolic profiles, as well as to assess the potential risk of developing diabetes mellitus in women of fertile age with overweight and obesity residing in the Baikal region.Materials and methods. The study involved 60 overweight and obese women of reproductive age in the Pribaikalye region, including 33 women of Russian nationality (group 1) and 27 women of Buryat nationality (group 2). Anthropo-metric, sociodemographic and behavioural criteria were analysed, as well as questionnaires using the FINDRISC Scale. General clinical analyses of blood and urine were performed, lipid profile parameters, glucose, insulin, creatinine, transaminases, estradiol, thyroid hormone, leptin levels in blood plasma were studied. In addition, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated.Results. In the group of Buryat women with lower body weight as compared to Russians, higher levels of leptin, HOMA- IR index, and larger waist circumference are observed. In Buryat women, low physical activity makes a significant contribution to the development of overweight and obesity, while for Russian women, excessive caloric intake is more important. In accordance with the results of the FINDRISC scale survey, the greatest contribution to the potential development of diabetes mellitus in the Russian group is body mass index (weight), and in the Buryat group, in addition to these indicators, waist circumference and reduced physical activity.Conclusions. The results of the study will be of great help in the development of pro-grammes for the prevention of diabetes and obesity, taking into account regional and ethnic differences among the population.

Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Astilbe rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don in attenuation of diabetic neuropathy in laboratory rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAstilbe rivularis Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don is a rare medicinal plant, traditionally employed for treating several disorders. The juice, decoction or powder of the roots, rhizomes, leaves and even the entire plant, are used for managing peptic ulcer, diarrhoea, jaundice, sprains and muscular swellings, bone fracture and dislocation of joints, postpartum bleeding and other menstrual disorders. These conventional medicinal uses make Astilbe rivularis a promising candidate for further research. Aim of the studyThis study was designed to explore the neuroprotective potential of hydroethanolic extract of Astilbe rivularis (ARHE) in diabetic neuropathy (DN) in rats. Materials and methodsGC-MS analysis was used to identify the phytoconstituents present in the plant extract. DN was induced by administration of STZ (55 mg/kg, i.p.), 15 min after NAD (230 mg/kg, i.p.) injection. The rats with fasting blood glucose (FBG) level >250 mg/dl were included in the study. DN was assessed by estimating the level of FBG, lipid profile, and invitro and invivo oxidative stress parameters. Additionally, behavioural parameters like, mechanical hyperalgesia, hot and cold allodynia were estimated to assess diabetic neuropathy. Furthermore, the level of antioxidant enzymes like SOD, GSH, and TBARS in sciatic nerve and inflammatory markers like, TGF-β and IL-6 were measured. ResultsAltogether, 30 phytoconstituents were identified including heptafluorobutyric acid, hexadecanoic acid, and beta-sitosterol depicting antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer properties, respectively. Administration of different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) of ARHE to diabetic rats attenuated elevated blood glucose level and restored lipid profile, body weight, food and water intake, and antioxidant level. Moreover, elevated level of inflammatory markers like, TGF-β and IL-6 was also found to be attenuated in sciatic nerve. Furthermore, ARHE attenuated the pain response assessed by mechanical hyperalgesia and hot and cold allodynia in diabetic neuropathy rats. ARHE also showed inhibitory activity on ALR enzyme and erythrocyte sorbitol accumulation, and ameliorated oxidative stress. Histopathological study indicated improvement in the architecture of sciatic nerve tissue in diabetic neuropathy rats with the treatment of ARHE. ConclusionsConclusively, hydroethanolic extract of Astilbe rivularis exhibited neuroprotective potential and ameliorated diabetic neuropathy in rats.

Correlation study between lipid profile parameters and liver function enzymes in Babylon province

Objective: The present study was an observational case control design. The data of study were collected in the period from first of January 2024 to March 2024. The study was conducted from clinical Laboratory private in Hilla City, Babylon province, Iraq. Material and methods: A total number of subjects involved in this study was 150 patients, from both sex (male and female) with age range (5-85). Blood samples were taken from each one to determination lipid profile tests (total cholesterol, total triglyceride, High and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, TSB) and investigation the correlation between them. Results: The results showed that, these were significant correlation between these tests according to male groups, the strength and direction of the correlation between TC and TG levels. The value being significant suggests that there was a moderate strong relationship between these variables (0.491). A strong positive correlation between TC and LDL levels (0.799), HDL and ALP levels (0.290), ALT and AST levels (0.777). In addition, a positive association between AST and ALP levels (0.125), TC and LDL levels (0.799). On the other hand, a weak negative association TC and AST levels (0.045), TC and TSB levels (-0.185), TG and HDL levels (-0.04). TG and AST levels (-0.065), TG and TSB levels (-0.184), HDL and ALT levels (0.123), HDL and AST levels (-0.133), ALT and TSB levels (-0.08) and between ALP and TSB levels (-0.08). However, a moderate negative association between TG and LDL levels (-0.32) and a very weak negative association between HDL and TSB (-0.016). Conclusion: In male group, a strong positive correlation between TC and LDL levels, HDL and ALP levels, ALT and AST levels. A positive association between AST and ALP levels, TC and LDL levels, these were significant correlation between these tests according to female groups, the strength and direction of the correlation between TC and TG levels, a moderate strong relationship between these variables, TC and LDL levels, ALT and AST levels, ALT and ALP levels, ALT and TSB levels, AST and ALP levels, AST and TSB levels and ALP and TSB levels. And moderately strong negative correlation between HDL and ALT levels. So, a relatively weak positive correlation between LDL and AST levels in female group. Moderately positive correlation between LDL and ALP levels and between LDL and TSB levels.

Impact of a new coronavirus infection on the level of inflammatory, haemostasis markers and microcirculatory parameters of patients with arterial hypertension

Relevance. The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences have significantly affected the health of the population as a whole. Persons who have undergone coronavirus infection against the background of chronic cardiovascular diseases and obesity deserve special attention. Aim. To study and compare the main indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism the level of inflammatory and haemostasis markers, microvascular changes in obesity AH patients and in AH patients with normal body weight 1 month after a new coronavirus infection in moderate to severe form. Materials and methods. The study included 87 patients of both sexes, aged from 18 to 55 years, from which three groups were formed: the first group included people with AH and normal body weight (BMI&lt;25 kg/m²) who had undergone COVID-19 within a month, the second group included people with AH and obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m²) who had undergone COVID-19 within a month, the control group consisted of 20 people with AH and obesity without COVID-19. The parameters of height, weight, waist circumference, and BMI were assessed in all subjects. The parameters of lipid profile, glucose level were determined, inflammatory markers and haemostasis parameters. All participants underwent laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) on the forearm with constrictor and dilator functional tests, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in combination with x-ray computed tomography (SPECT/CT). Results. Patients of groups 1 and 2 naturally differed from each other in anthropometric indicators. Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism rates were also significantly higher in group 2 patients compared to group 1 patients (p &lt; 0.05). The CRP level in the group of people with hypertension and obesity who underwent COVID-19 was significantly higher than in people with hypertension without obesity (p &lt; 0.001) and than in people with hypertension and obesity without a history of COVID-19. When comparing microcirculation parameters by LDF, there was a decrease in tissue hemoperfusion (M), blood flow reserve (RK) in all three groups (p &lt; 0.001), the most pronounced dysfunction of neurogenic and myogenic blood flow regulation was detected in the group of people with hypertension andobesity who underwent COVID-19. Conclusion. The study of microcirculation indicators by LDF method in persons with hypertension and obesity after suffering a coronavirus infection indicates the predominance of the spastic type of microcirculation, which, together with an increase in the levels of inflammatory markers, indicates a higher risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular complications, requiring more careful monitoring and treatment of this group of patients.

Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of aqueous and methanol root extract of Tetracera alnifolia in male albino rats

The aim of this study was to assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of aqueous and methanol extracts of the root of Tetracera alnifolia as well as the effects on some biochemical parameters in albino rats as many plants used in traditional medicine lack scientific and clinical evidence to support a better understanding of their safety and efficacy. Phytochemical screening and proximate analysis of the pulverised root of Tetracera alnifolia was carried out using previously reported protocol. Sub-acute toxicity study of each extract was done for 28 days followed by organs function tests and histopathology studies of the liver, kidney and heart. Evaluation of lipid profile and oxidative stress marker to ascertain the effect of each extract on lipid peroxidation and their antioxidant property was done after administration of 200 mg/Kg body weight of each extract for a period of thirty-five days. Acute toxicity study of each extract gave oral LD50 (rat) of greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight with no signs of toxicity. Sub-acute toxicity study showed both extracts were non-toxic to the liver, kidney, heart and blood at doses between 200 and 3000 mg/Kg body weight assessed by the respective organ function tests, hematological parameters, and histopathology study. However, higher doses seem toxic to the liver particularly at 5000 mg/kg B. W due to increase in plasma AST, ALT and ALP activities accompanied with reduced protein and albumin concentrations. Effects of each extracts at 200 mg/Kg body weight on some biochemical parameters revealed no significant difference in lipid profile parameters and no lipid peroxidation. Each extract may possess antioxidant property due to increase in catalase activity. The result from this research may help validate the safety of the oral use of this plant in traditional medicine.

The Impact of Atorvastatin Treatment on the Distribution of Low-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions and the Level of Vitamin D in Patients After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Preliminary Findings

Clinical trial results indicate that statin therapy aimed at normalising the lipid profile can prevent and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Both LDL and HDL consist of several subfractions, with only the smallest and densest subfractions being the most atherogenic. We examine the effect of Atorvastatin treatment not only on basic lipid profile parameters but also atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions and 25(OH)D levels in patients after the first acute myocardial infarction. The study population had not previously received lipid-lowering medications. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was determined by direct competitive immunochemiluminescent assays. Lipoprotein subfractions, including VLDL, IDL-C, IDL-B, and IDL-A, as well as LDL1, LDL2 (large LDL), and LDL3-7 (sdLDL), were measured in serum (Lipoprint® system). Almost all patients had 25(OH)D deficiency. Atorvastatin primarily reduced strongly atherogenic sdLDL and decreased the less atherogenic large LDL subfractions. A statistically significant reduction in VLDL cholesterol and IDL fractions was also observed. Analysing LDL subfractions provides a more detailed insight into lipid metabolism and enables the identification of patients with a more atherogenic phenotype. LDL subfractions may thus become not only more accurate prognostic biomarkers but also targets for lipid-lowering therapy. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with atherogenic dyslipidaemia, particularly high levels of sdLDL.

The effects of supervised aerobic training on dyslipidaemia among diabetic older patients

BackgroundHigher prevalence rates of diabetes and its complications have been reported among individuals with poor physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle. This study explored the influence of six months of moderate-intensity supervised aerobic training on the serum lipid profile, hs-CRP level, and variable-related correlations in prediabetic and type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM).DesignThe study was based on a two-arm parallel group pretest‒posttest comparative design.MethodsA total of 50 subjects who were diagnosed with diabetes for more than five years and aged 30–70 years were included in this study. The subjects were classified into two groups on the basis of their glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c%) values: Group 1 (patients with the prediabetes; HbA1c % ≤ 6.5, n = 25) and Group 2 (patients with the T2DM; HbA1c % ≥ 6.5, n = 25). Blood sugar, HbA1c %, insulin, lipid profile, and highly sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) were measured via colorimetric and immunoassay techniques at baseline and six months postintervention with moderate aerobic exercise.ResultsThe results revealed that participation in moderate aerobic training interventions for six months resulted in a significant reduction in BMI, fasting blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin, hs-CRP, and lipid profile parameters such as T-Cholest, TG, and LDL-C as well as significant improvement in the level of insulin with a reduction in the values of HOMA-IR towards normal values in the patients with prediabetes (P < 0.01) in group 1 and patients with diabetes in group 2 (P < 0.001). The change in VO2max with good physical fitness significantly improved with the exercise program after six months. The reduced levels of hs-CRP, HOMA-IR, and lipid profile and improved levels of insulin were significantly positively correlated with the levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c%) in the patients with prediabetes (P < 0.01) and those with diabetes (P < 0.001) following six months of moderate aerobic training interventions. Moreover, hs-CRP was positively correlated with T-Cholest, TG, and LDL-C (p = 0.01) and negatively correlated with HDL-C. The data revealed improved glycemic control factors, lipid profiles, and hs-CRP levels as cardio-predictive markers in patients with both prediabetes and diabetes as well. These findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of physical activity gained from moderate exercise training for six months may counteract increased cardiovascular complications associated with increased CRP levels and lipid profiles in prediabetes and T2DM patients.ConclusionsModerate aerobic training for six months favourably affects glycemic parameters, lipid profiles, and inflammatory hs-CRP indicators and improves VO2max, an indicator of physical fitness, in prediabetic and diabetic patients. The data obtained suggest the positive effect of moderate exercise training as a protective modulator of cardiovascular disorders, including the dyslipidaemic profile, glycaemic control, and hs-CRP inflammatory markers, in prediabetes and T2DM patients. Thus, regular exercise, owing to its anti-inflammatory effects and ability to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, lipid profiles, blood glucose levels, and insulin resistance, may help reduce the severity of cardiovascular diseases in prediabetes and T2DM patients and healthy controls.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov PRS under trial identifier ID: NCT06246435 dated 30/01/2024.

The effect of Oleoylethanolamide supplementation on lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and dietary habits in obese people: a randomized double-blind placebo-control trial.

Abnormalities in biochemical parameters and changes in eating habits are considered complications of obesity. Oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an endocannabinoid-like compound, has been shown to have protective effects on many metabolic disorders. Given this evidence, the present study aimed to assess the effects of OEA on lipid profile parameters, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and dietary habits in healthy obese people. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, which was carried out in 2016 in Tabriz, Iran, 60 obese people were enrolled in the study based on inclusion criteria. The intervention group consumed 125mg of OEA capsules, and the placebo group received the same amount of starch twice for 8 weeks. Blood samples (5 mL) were taken at baseline and the end of the study in a fasting state. Serum concentrations of FBS, triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) were measured by enzymatic methods using commercial kits. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration was obtained using the Friede-Wald formula. To assess dietary habits, a food frequency questionnaire (147 items) was used at baseline and the end of the study. A value less than < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. The TG concentration decreased significantly in the intervention group (mean (SD): 166.29 (70.01) mg/dL to 142.22 (48.05) mg/dL, p = 0.047). Changes in the placebo group were not significant (p > 0.05). After adjusting for baseline values and demographic characteristics, the difference in TG between groups remained significant (p = 0.044). Changes in other biochemical parameters were not significant. There was no significant difference between or within groups in terms of food groups. OEA, as a complementary agent, plays a protective role in TG regulation. However, future studies with longer durations are needed to explore the impact of OEA on regulating dietary habits and to identify the mechanisms related to metabolic abnormalities in obese people. The study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) center as IRCT201607132017N30 with URL. www.IRCT.IR in date 03/10/2016.

Hypomagnesaemia and Relationship Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Patients at Janzur Hospital in Libya.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to the development of complications, especially due to poor glycemic control. Magnesium (Mg) is a crucial element in human health, and its deficiency plays a critical role in the development of lipid abnormalities and the initiation of diabetic complications. The study aimed to evaluate the correlation of hypomagnesemia (Mg) with the alteration of lipid profile patterns and investigate the adverse effects of glycemic control and body mass index (BMI) on magnesium levels among patients with T2DM. A total of 163 subjects whose ages ranged between 35-60 years for both sexes (males and females) were included in this study: 90 type II diabetic patients (40 males and 50 females) and 73 healthy individuals (34 males and 39 females) in Tripoli region, Western Libya. Blood glucose, HbA1c, Magnesium, and lipid profile parameters were biochemically estimated in the study along with the measurement of BMI. All the results were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 25 for applying one-way ANOVA and Person's correlation coefficient tests. The study revealed a significant decrease in serum magnesium levels (1.59 ± 0.47 mg/dL) in T2DM patients compared to the control group (2.21 ± 0.70 mg/dL) (p &lt; 0.01). Significantly elevated levels of blood glucose (140.6 ± 30.95 mg/dL vs. 89.80 ± 12.62 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.01), HbA1c (7.27 ± 2.62% vs. 5.32 ± 0.65%, p &lt; 0.01), cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol also observed in T2DM patients compared to healthy individuals. Conversely, HDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the T2DM group than in controls (24.44 ± 8.88 mg/dL vs. 47.06 ± 8.75 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.01). There is a relationship between hypomagnesemia, glycemic control, and changed lipid profile in T2DM patients. Further, our results revealed a strong relationship between increased BMI and unfavorable alterations in all biochemical parameters examined.

Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic effects and quantification of bioactive compounds by HPLC from Crassula ovata leaves extracts on streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats

Background: Crassula ovata have been recommended in ethno medicines for the treatment of diabetes. In this research the scientific claim is studied and validated. Objective: Objective of the current study has been focused to assess the traditional use of Crassula ovata to heal diabetes, hyperlipidemia and to check the presence of constituents responsible for these actions. Methods: The approved plant's ethanol, acetone, and chloroform extracts were prepared by maceration. For in vivo activity, the model of streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus in rats was chosen, wherein antidiabetic parameters such as body weight, urine volume, blood glucose level, and lipid profile parameters were evaluated. Quantification of bioactive compounds was done by a high-performance liquid chromatographic technique using diode-array detection. Results: The ethanolic extract noticeably depleted increased blood glucose levels and has positive effects on altered lipid profile after administering a dose of 200 mg/kg orally compared with oral hypoglycemic drug metformin. HPLC analysis of ethanolic extract identified several secondary metabolites in Crassula ovata, including Gallic acid, Rutin, Luteolin, Caffeic acid, Catechin, Kaempferol and Quercetin. These compounds have been reported for their potential antidiabetic effects. The analytical data on the chemical composition supported its traditional use in diabetes management. Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that, Crassula ovata ethanolic extract can be ideal for the treatment of diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Further studies are required to locate the active pharmaceutical ingredient for the said actions.

Randomized study of the effects of empagliflozin and topiramate dual therapy on anthropometric and metabolic indices in non-diabetic individuals with overweight/obesity on a calorie-restricted diet

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined use of empagliflozin (EMPA) and topiramate (TPM) versus a placebo in overweight/obese individuals without diabetes on a calorie-restricted diet.MethodsIn this study, 44 non-diabetic and overweight/obese subjects who were on a calorie restricted diet were randomly assigned into 2 groups: (1) Participants received a 10 mg EMPA tablet daily plus TPM tablet (at the 1st week 25 mg once a day and from the second week 25 mg twice a day); (2) Participants received an empagliflozin placebo (daily) plus a topiramate placebo (as mentioned for topiramate tablet in group 1), for 12 weeks. At baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body composition were evaluated. Before and after the intervention, blood pressure, C reactive protein, and glucose and lipid profile parameters were measured.ResultsThe EMPA/TPM group, compared to placebo, had a greater percent change of weight at week 12 (− 8.92 ± 1.80 vs. − 4.93 ± 1.17). The intervention group had a greater percent change of fat mass and fat percent at week 12 (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in the percent of change in fat-free percent between the two groups at week 12 (P = 0.577). Within-group analysis found a significant reduction in SBP, DBP, FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, LDL, HDL, TG, and CRP in both groups (P < 0.05). At week 12, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in any of mentioned variables (P > 0.05).ConclusionIn non-diabetic overweight/obese individuals, the combination of EMPA/TPM and calorie restriction led to a notable decrease in body weight and was generally well-tolerated. Further research is required to evaluate the potential advantages of utilizing this combination for sustained weight management in the long run.Level I Randomized clinical trial.

Colchicine effect on biomarkers of cardiac remodelling and atherosclerosis in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A randomized controlled trial.

Owing to its underlying inflammatory nature, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading global cause of mortality, particularly post-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), a condition with significant risk for further cardiovascular events and mortality. This study aimed to investigate colchicine's effect on inflammation, cardiac remodelling and atherosclerotic risk in STEMI patients. We conducted a randomized controlled study on 88 STEMI patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups. The control group received the guideline-directed medical therapy for STEMI, and the test group received guideline-directed medical therapy and 0.5mg colchicine twice daily for 3months. The soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity (sST2), interleukin-1β, lipid profile parameters, triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) ratio levels and left ventricular ejection fraction were evaluated for patients at baseline and the end of the 3months. No significant effects were reported for colchicine on sST2, interleukin-1β levels or left ventricular ejection fraction. Colchicine significantly lowered TG levels vs. controls, 134 (46-353) vs. 176 (72-825) respectively, P= .02, as well as TG/HDL-C ratio levels, 4.16 (2.75-5.24) vs. 5.11 (3.51-8.33),` respectively, P= .024. sST2 levels of the studied cohort were positively correlated with their TG/HDL-C ratio levels (R= .459, P< .001) at the end of follow-up. Our study highlights a promising impact of colchicine on atherosclerosis and cardiac remodelling factors in STEMI patients. Colchicine significantly reduced TG levels and TG/HDL-C ratio and was safe and well tolerated. Larger long-term studies powered to assess clinical outcomes of remodelling are necessary to confirm its beneficial effects in STEMI. NCT06054100.

Hypercholesterolemia and laboratory reports: joint document from the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC) and the Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology - Lab Medicine (SIBioC)

Dyslipidemia is one of the most important risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic disease and its control, through well-proven therapies, allows an optimal risk management over time. LDL-cholesterol targets are well defined by international guidelines and based on individual cardiovascular risk. As guidelines evolve, also laboratory reports need to do the same, including lipid reference values by cardiovascular risk classes, to avoid misunderstandings and inappropriate lipid-lowering therapy withdrawal. The aim of the present joint document from the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC) and the Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology - Lab Medicine (SIBioC) is to analyze the importance of cardiovascular risk estimation, therapeutical targets, and crucial elements about dyslipidemia in laboratory tests, as well as to suggest a shared proposal for the report of lipid profile parameters to be applied to all clinical scenarios of our daily practice.

State of Adenosine Deaminase in Patients with Dyslipidemia

ABSTRACT: Background: Dyslipidemia is becoming more common across all age groups mainly in young individuals because of imbalanced diets, low physical activity, and sedentary work culture. Several studies reported that elevated serum adenosine deaminase activity was associated with dyslipidemia, but the results were not consistent. Aim: It is aimed to correlate adenosine deaminase and lipid profile parameters in patients with dyslipidemia. Material and Methods: In this case-control study, a total of 60 subjects (30 diagnosed dyslipidemia patients and 30 age and gender-matched healthy individuals) were enrolled. Serum lipid profile parameters and adenosine deaminase levels were estimated in each subject. Results: The mean levels of lipid profiles, mainly triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and adenosine deaminase, were found to be significantly high, while high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was found significantly low in cases than controls (p &lt;0.001). adenosine deaminase has not shown any significant correlation with lipid profile parameters in patients with dyslipidemia and controls. Conclusion: The result showed that the serum adenosine deaminase and serum lipid profile levels were altered in patients with dyslipidemia.

Association between some Serum Parameters in Iraqi Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and leptin receptor gene polymorphism

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is considered as a complex, heterogeneous disorder that impacts 5-10% of women at reproductive age. This study aimed to evaluate the association of leptin recepter gene polymorphism (Lys109Arg, rs1137100) and some serum parameters with PCOS in of Iraqi women. This case-control study was carried out during the period from July to October, 2022 at Infertility Care and IVF center of Kamal AL-Samaraay Hospital, Baghdad. The study included 120 Iraqi women as a sample size divided into two groups 60 PCOS patients and 60 apparently healthy control. PCOS patients were diagnosed by gynecologists according to Rotterdam criteria. The genotypes of leptin receptor gene at rs137100 SNP were determined by using HRM-PCR. The serum levels of leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) and AMH were measured by using Elisa kits. Lipid profile parameters were measured by spin 200 full auto. LH, FSH, testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, TSH, T3 and T4 hormones were measured by cobas E411. Results revealed that BMI values were significantly increased (p≤0.01) in PCOS patients compared to controls (30.21±0.70 versus 24.28±0.617). Serum leptin and sOB-R levels were significantly (p˂0.05) higher in PCOS patients than controls (4303.28±71.55 versus 3854.84 ±213.96 pg /ml and 144.09 ±5.51 versus 122.16 ±7.64 ng/ml respectively). The frequency of AA genotypes was significantly (p˂0.05) lower in PCOS patients than in apparently healthy subjects (33.3 % versus 65.0% respectively) whereas the frequencies of AG and GG genotypes were significantly (p˂0.05) higher in PCOS patients versus controls (53.3% versus 26.6% and 13.4% versus 8.4% respectively).The A allele frequency was higher in apparently healthy subjects than in PCOS women (78.3% versus 60.0% respectively) while G allele frequency was significantly higher in PCOS patients versus controls (80.0% versus 21.7%, respectively). It was concluded that the leptin receptor polymorphism (rs1137100) is strongly linked to an increased risk of developing PCOS. Further, those with the A allele are less likely to develop PCOS.

Association of White Matter Hyperintensities With Serum Lipid Profile and Hematologic Parameters in Migraine Patients.

Introduction Migraine is one of the most common neurological diseases. Comorbidities, especially stroke, may be observed. White matter hyperintensities are common in migraine patients. Although many factors have been associated with white matter hyperintensities, such as age, gender, migraine type, frequency, and presence of aura, the etiology of white matter hyperintensities remains unclear. We aimed to study the relationship between the development of white matter hyperintensities and serum lipid profilesand hematologic parameters in migraine patients. Methods Demographic data, comorbidities, migraine types, presence of aura, and frequency of attacks were reviewed. Cranial MRI scans, hematologic profiles, and lipid profiles were analyzed. Results The study included 51 patients with white matter hyperintensity on cranial MRI and 76 migraine patients with normal cranial MRI. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) was statistically significantly higher in the patients with white matter hyperintensity in the cranial MRI (WMH+) group. A statistically significant cut-off value was found for the PLR parameter in differentiating white matter hyperintensity on cranial MRI in migraine patients. Conclusion In our study, we examined the factors contributing to the development of white matter hyperintensity in migraine patients and observed the correlation between disease duration and white matter hyperintensity. While no correlation was observed between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and white matter hyperintensity, HDL-c was dramatically elevated in patients with white matter hyperintensity. Furthermore, our study shows that PLR is a useful, easily accessible, and practical parameter for detecting the development of white matter hyperintensity in migraine patients. Larger-scale randomized studies are needed for a clearer interpretation of these findings.