Lipid Profile In Mice Research Articles

2046-LB: Selective, Acute Stimulation of Sympathetic Activity in Brown Adipose Tissue Improves Glycemic and Lipid Profiles in Mice

2046-LB: Selective, Acute Stimulation of Sympathetic Activity in Brown Adipose Tissue Improves Glycemic and Lipid Profiles in Mice

Modulation of lipid metabolism by oyster peptides in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity

Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) are rich in proteins and a source of valuable peptides. Previous studies have revealed that oral administration of oyster peptides (OP) obtained by simulating gastrointestinal digestion reduced the weight of mice. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are unclear. We speculate that OP may be able to reduce fatty acid absorption by inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity. Therefore, we investigated the regulatory effects of OP on lipid metabolism in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. The body weight (BW), fat weight, lipid parameters, lipid metabolism-related gene expression, and serum lipid profiles were determined by MS-based lipidomics. Daily supplementation with 500 mg of OP/kg BW in obese mice reduced their BW gain and organ weights, improved dyslipidemia, and downregulated the genes expression of encoding proteins involved in fatty acid uptake, including acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 1 (Acc1), fatty acid synthase (Fas), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (Srebp-1c). Moreover, administration of OP resulted in significant changes in the lipid profile of mice. We screened 129 differential metabolites to identify biomarkers for OP intervention and analyzed the effects of OP on the metabolism of sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid. In summary, OP can improve obesity-induced lipid metabolism dysfunctions by inhibiting enzyme activity and regulating fatty acid uptake.

Human gut microbiota from hepatitis B virus-infected individuals is associated with reduced triglyceride level in mice: faecal transplantation study

Background and aimsChronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with a reduced risk of dyslipidaemia. Using a human faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), we compared changes in gut microbiota and lipid profiles in mice transplanted with human faeces from HBV-infected and non-infected individuals. Approach and resultsA total of 19 mice received human FMT from four HBV-infected individuals and were categorised into the HBV-positive mice group, while 20 mice received FMT from four HBV-non-infected individuals into the HBV-negative one. In the analysis of gut microbiota in FMT mice, we observed a robust increase in alpha diversity and abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in HBV-positive mice, compared to that in HBV-negative. Functional inference analysis revealed that the pathways involved in glycerolipid metabolism were more enriched in HBV-positive mice. At 5 weeks of FMT, the reduced triglyceride (TG) level was predominantly observed in HBV-positive mice. ConclusionsAltered gut microbiota accompanied by HBV infection was associated with a robust increase in alpha diversity and butyrate producers, which resulted in a reduced level of TG at 5 weeks post-FMT. This indicates that the reduced risk of dyslipidaemia in chronic HBV infection may be due to the altered gut microbiota accompanied by HBV infection.

Characterization and the cholesterol-lowering effect of dietary fiber from fermented black rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Black rice was fermented with Neurospora crassa, after which the dietary fiber (DF) extracted from it was characterized and evaluated for its cholesterol-lowering effect in mice. The findings demonstrated that fermentation increased the level of soluble DF from 17.27% ± 0.12 to 29.69% ± 0.26 and increased the adsorption capacity of DF for water, oil, cholesterol, glucose and sodium cholate. The fermented DF had a more loose and porous structure than that extracted from unfermented rice. Additionally, feeding with DF from the fermented black rice significantly reduced body weight, lowered total cholesterol levels and improved the lipid profile in mice gavaged with a high dose (5 g per kg bw) or a low dose (2.5 g per kg·bw). ELISA showed that the hepatic expression of typical proteins and enzymes that are involved in cholesterol metabolism was regulated by the fermented rice DF, leading to reduced cholesterol production and increased cholesterol clearance. The fermented DF also modified the gut microbiota composition (e.g. Firmicutes reduced and Akkermansia increased), which promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, fermentation can modify the structure and function of DF in black rice and the fermented dietary fiber has excellent cholesterol lowering effects possibly by cholesterol adsorption, cholesterol metabolism modulation, and intestinal microflora regulation.

Phthalate promotes atherosclerosis through interacting with long-non coding RNA and induces macrophage foam cell formation and vascular smooth muscle damage

BackgroundPhthalates are commonly used in variety of plastic products. Previously it has been revealed that di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), as the most common member of the class of phthalates, may disturb cholesterol homeostasis and deregulate the inflammatory response, and leading to accelerate the atherosclerosis process. In this regard, the aim of the current study is to explore the underlying mechanism of DEHP-induced atherosclerosis through the increasing of foam cell formation and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (VSMCs) damage via the interaction of long-non coding RNA (GAS5) and miR-145–5p. MethodsApoE−/− mice were used to evaluate the in vivo study. RAW264.7 and VSMCs were used to evaluate the effect of DEHP on formation of foam cell, cell proliferation, and cell damage in vitro. Animals were treated with DEHP (5% w/w of food) orally and cells were treated with medium containing of 100 μM DEHP; qRT-PCR, Western blotting, flowcytometry, IHC, oil red O, BODIPY, and autophagic vacuoles assay were used to evaluate the effect of DEHP on formation of atherosclerosis. ResultsDEHP significantly accelerated the formation of atherosclerosis in mice and alter the lipid profile in mice. In addition, after treating VSMCs with DEHP, GAS5 was significantly up-regulated and miR-145–5p was down-regulated. In VSMCs treated with DEHP, we observed that GAS5 could be used as the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-145–5p to regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs; and the expression of GAS5 was correlated with the expression of miR-145–5p. DEHP increased the ox-LDL uptake by macrophage and increasing the formation of foam cells. Besides, GAS5 knocking down reversed the effect of DEHP on foam cell formation and ox-LDL uptake. ConclusionDEHP could accelerate the atherosclerosis process through increasing VSMCs damage and formation of macrophage foam cell by increasing lipid uptake though down regulating lncRNA GAS5 and altering in regulation of miR-145–5p.

Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar and Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Cassia) in Combination on Lipid Profile of Mice

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is constituted by hyperlipidemia with presentation of diverse lipid profile including hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and hereditary combined hyperlipidemia. Objectives: To find the synergistic effect Cinnamomum cassia and apple cider vinegar on combined administration in albino mice. Methodology: This was an experimental study and conducted at Department of Pharmacology, Al-Nafees Medical College and Hospital Islamabad in collaboration with Animal House of the National Institute of Health, Islamabad-Pakistan. A total of 50 adult albino mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. Hyperlipidemia was induced during the first two weeks of experimentation, and this was followed by treatment period of 6 weeks. Groups were categorized as A (Normal Control), B (Treated Control), C (Treatment Group I), D (Treatment Group II), and E (Treatment Group III). Diet pattern for these groups remained to be high cholesterol, Simvastatin 0.6 mg/Kg BW, ACV upto 15% of animal feed, Cinnamon powder 6mg/Kg BW and Cinnamon with high cholesterol diet respectively. Blood samples to estimate parameters of lipid profile were collected at 0,15th, 30th, 45th and 60th days. Results: A significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed in total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein at 45th and 60th days as compared to normal control group. Serum high density lipoprotein was low at 15th day among all groups because of induction of hypercholesterolemia, which was then noted to be reversed at 60th day. Highest surge was noted to be in group E and significant increase in all groups (p<0.05) was noted in all groups as compared to normal control. Conclusion: Apple Cider Vinegar keeps the anti-hyperlipidemia effect which was found to be significantly high (p<0.05) in combination with Cinnamomum cassia when consumed by male albino mice.

Activity Of Ethanol Extracts 70%, Extract Nanoparticles And Nanoparticles Tablet Of Okra Fruit Extract(Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench.) As Anti-Dislipidemia In Rats Feeded On High Fat Diet

Dyslipidemia is a condition caused by disruption of lipid metabolism due to the interaction of genetic factors and environmental factors. There is strong evidence of an association between LDL cholesterol and cardiovascular events based on clinical outcome studies, so LDL cholesterol is the main target in the management of dyslipidemia. In addition to using synthetic drugs, dyslipidemia can be treated by consuming natural ingredients, one of which is okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench). The form of nanoparticles and nanoparticle tablets of okra fruit extract is an effort to increase antidyslipidemic activity and to make it easier to use. This study aims to obtain nanoparticle extracts and nanoparticle tablets of okra fruit extract which have antidyslipidemic activity in vivo against mice given the High Fat Diet (HFD). The research used 24 rats divided into 6 treatment groups, namely group I as normal control, group II as positive control using simvastatin as the control control, group III as a negative control, group IV as a control treatment of ethanol extract 70% okra fruit, group V as a control treatment of okra fruit extract nanoparticles, and group VI as a treatment of okra fruit extract nanoparticles tablets. All test substances are given for 14 days. Blood sampling was carried out on days 0, 14, and 28, with the parameters measured were lipid profiles including total cholesterol (KT), LDL, Triglycerides (TG) and HDL. 70% ethanol extract, extract nanoparticles, and okra fruit extract nanoparticle tablets can decrease KT levels by 33.14%, 46.31%, 45.42%, decrease TG levels by 39.46%, 43.56%, 41, 62%, decrease LDL levels by 45.22%, 68.76%, 59.94%, and can increase HDL levels by 103.80%, 119.20%, 114.39%. Based on the lipid profile of mice given HFD, 70% ethanol extract, nanoparticles, and okra fruit extract nanoparticle tablets had antidyslipidemic activity.

Growth performance, hematological parameters and lipid profile of mice treated with black seed oil and vitamin-E

Nigella sativa (Black seed) has been recognized as one of the most popular herbs in many parts of the world for centuries and used as folk medicine to cure different kinds of diseases. Vitamin E is well known for its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and has been studied in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present study was performed to determine the effect of black seed oil and Vit-E on growth performance and blood biochemistry in mice. A total of 40 mice weight between 25-27 gm were used for conducting the research. At first, the mice were randomly divided into 4 groups consisting 10 mice in each group. Group A served as the control group whereas Group B was administered black seed oil @ 0.5 ml/kg/day, Groups C was taken vitamin E @ 200 mg/kg/day and Group D was received both black seed oil @ 0.5 ml/kg/day + vitamin E @ 200 mg/kg/day respectively for 42 days. Result showed that, body weight of B, C and D group revealed a significant decrease than the control group (p<0.05). Hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC) showed a significant change in B, C and D group than the control group (p<0.05). On the other hand, Total Leukocyte Count (TLC) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were insignificant. The results of biochemical test explored that serum cholesterol and triglyceride value decreased significantly whereas HDL increased significantly in black seed oil, Vit-E treated groups than the control group (p<0.05). But the LDL showed no change after treatment. It could be concluded that the black seed oil and Vit-E can be used in the therapeutic strategy of obesity, anemia and coronary diseases. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2021, 7 (2), 132-137

Cardioprotective role of salvia rosmarinus (rosemary) leaves against oxidative stress and in balancing lipid profile in mice.

Background: Developing countries encounter a change in lifestyle, which establish novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease, leading to an explosion in cardiovascular disease risk all through the developing nations. Dietary therapies and physical activity are the first lines of treatment in hyperlipidemia, and several dietary components with such effects have been identified. This study is intended to assess the potential of Salvia Rosmarinus (SR) leaves powder consumption on diet-induced hyperlipidemia. The main objective of this study is to show that plant products could be equivalent to the available medicines.
 Methodology: In this experimental study, 4 to 5 weeks old mice were used with an average weight of 200 gm. Baseline values of all parameters were observed & animals were administered an atherogenic diet for two weeks. 0.11 gm/day rosemary leaves powder was fed by these hypercholesterolemic rats for another two weeks. At the end of the experimental duration, blood samples were collected and evaluated for alterations in plasma lipid profile, glucose, liver enzymes and kidney biomarkers. 
 Results: According to the research results, oral supplementation of 0.11 gm/day rosemary effectively reduced dietary hyperlipidemia in experimental mice. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in body weights, total plasma cholesterol (TC), glucose, alkaline phosphate (ALP) and urea levels were analysed, and a non-significant decrease in triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid and creatinine was observed. 
 Conclusion: It is concluded that Rosemary can be utilized beneficially for primary prevention trials of cardiovascular disease, but of course, further investigations are required to find out an effective dose of rosemary.

Hepatic lipid profile in mice fed a choline-deficient, low-methionine diet resembles human non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

BackgroundEmerging data support a role for lipids in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. With experimental models such data can be challenged or validated. Mice fed a low-methionine, choline-deficient (LMCD) diet develop NASH and, when injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN), HCC. Here, lipidomic analysis was used to elucidate whether the NASH and HCC associated lipid derangements resemble the lipid profile of the human disease.MethodsLipids were measured in the liver of mice fed a control or a LMCD diet for 16 weeks. DEN was injected at young age to initiate hepatocarcinogenesis. DEN treatment associated changes of the lipid composition and the tumor lipidome were evaluated.ResultsLMCD diet fed mice accumulated ceramides and triacylglycerols in the liver. Phospholipids enriched with monounsaturated fatty acids were also increased, whereas hepatic cholesterol levels remained unchanged in the LMCD model. Phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine concentrations declined in the liver of LMCD diet fed mice. The changes of most lipids associated with LMCD diet feeding were similar between water and DEN injected mice. Several polyunsaturated (PU) diacylglycerol species were already low in the liver of DEN injected mice fed the control diet. Tumors developed in the liver of LMCD diet fed mice injected with DEN. The tumor specific lipid profile, however, did not resemble the decrease of ceramides and PU phospholipids, which was consistently described in human HCC. Triacylglycerols declined in the cancer tissues, which is in accordance with a low expression of lipogenic enzymes in the tumors.ConclusionsThe LMCD model is suitable to study NASH associated lipid reprogramming. Hepatic lipid profile was modestly modified in the DEN injected mice suggesting a function of these derangements in carcinogenesis. Lipid composition of liver tumors did not resemble the human HCC lipidome, and most notably, lipogenesis and triacylglycerol levels were suppressed.

The effect of improved formulation of chitosan-alginate microcapsules of Bifidobacteria on serum lipid profiles in mice

BackgroundProbiotics have been associated with many beneficial effects in human digestive physiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of improved formulation of chitosan-alginate microcapsules of Bifidobacterium strains on serum triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, and LDL in mice. MethodsFive approved probiotic strains of Bifidobacterium were tested for anti-proliferative effect and interleukin-8 induction on HT-29 cell lines. Bifidobacterium strains plus five approved Lactobacillus were encapsulated in chitosan-alginate microcapsules and tested for its survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. These microcapsules were administered to 4 groups of mice (including 1. Bif (Bifidobacterium strains), 2. Lac (Lactobacillus strains), 3. Bif-Lac (Bifidobacterium plus Lactobacillus strains) and 4. Control) for 8 days. At eighth day, the blood of mice were taken and serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, and LDL of them were determined. ResultsAll of the Bifidobacterium strains significantly (P < 0.001) reduced secretion of IL-8 in HT-29 cells as well as maximum antiproliferative effects (P < 0.001). In addition, all microcapsules showed impressive survival rate in bile (>%94.1) and gastrointestinal (>%78.28) conditions (P < 0.05). Only Bif-Lac group displayed significantly lower serum cholesterol and LDL levels than control group (P < 0.05). Besides, all groups indicate statistically significant weight loss of mice during the 8 days in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the microencapsulated probiotics with alginate and chitosan had an effective mean of delivery of viable bacterial cells and non-pharmacological interventions use to reduce serum cholesterol and LDL levels in in-vivo condition.

Lipidomics Reveals the Therapeutic Effects of EtOAc Extract of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. on Nephrolithiasis.

BackgroundNephrolithiasis is a systemic metabolic disease with a high prevalence worldwide and is closely related to lipid-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation. Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (OS) is a traditional medicinal herb mainly containing flavonoids, caffeic acid derivatives, and terpenoids, which has the effect of treating urinary stones. However, the active ingredients of OS for the treatment of kidney stones and their regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. As a powerful antioxidant, flavonoids from herbs can mitigate calcium oxalate stone formation by scavenging radical. Thus, this work focused on EtOAc extract of OS (EEOS, mainly flavonoids) and aimed to reveal the potential intrinsic mechanism of EEOS in the treatment of kidney stones disease.MethodsFirstly, 75% ethanol extract of OS was further extracted with EtOAc to obtain EtOAc extract containing 88.82% flavonoids. Secondly, the extract was subjected to component analysis and used in animal experiments. Then, an untargeted lipidomics based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with TripleTOF 5600 mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS) was performed to test the lipid changes of kidneys in the control group, model group and EEOS treatment groups. Finally, multivariate statistical analysis was used to identify differences between the lipid profiles of mice in the model group and the EEOS group.ResultsFifty-one lipid metabolites were significantly different between the mice in the model group and the EEOS intervention group, including glycerophosphocholines, glycerophosphoethanolamines, glycerophosphoinositols, and glycerophosphoglycerols. And the composition of glycerophospholipids-esterified ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and glycerophospholipid subclasses in the kidneys of the EEOS group significantly changed compared to model group.ConclusionsThe EEOS can inhibit the stones formation by improving oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by glycerophospholipid metabolism. This study reveals the potential mechanism of EEOS for kidney stones treatment at the lipid molecule level, providing a new direction for further study of the efficacy of OS.

Effects of Petroselinum crispum extract versus fat diet and Dexamethasone induced organ injuries in mice

Petroselinum crispumis a herb belonging to the Apiaceae family,it has been usually used for the management of many inflammatory disease due to many pharmacological effects of corticosteroid with a strong anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant properties (ex. dexamethasone), it is famous to cause side effects. It was clearly observed that dexamethasone could induced liver renal and increase the lipid profile in mice. The Petroselinum crispum methanol extract was prepared by soaking of 200 g of each of the pure dry in 1 liter of 90% methyl alcohol with shaking for 5 days, The selected animal groups (eight animals per each group) were grouped as follows Positive control group 1, negative control group 2, group 3 (10%) Petroselinum crispum treated and group 4 (20%). Petroselinum crispumtreated group it was found that Petroselinum crispumhas a clear ant atherosclerosis and a potent liver protection effects.

Effects of dietary phytol on tissue accumulation of phytanic acid and pristanic acid and on the tissue lipid profiles in mice.

Recent in vitro evidence suggests that the phytol-derived fatty acids, phytanic acid (PA) and pristanic acid (PrA), are components of animal products with the potential to cause both beneficial and harmful effects on human health. In this study, we investigated the in vivo tissue accumulation of PA and PrA and the changes in tissue lipid profiles, using mice fed a phytol-containing diet. After 4weeks of treatment with a diet containing 1.0% phytol, plasma, adipose tissue, liver, and brain were collected and their lipid profiles were biochemically and gas-chromatographically determined. Dietary phytol caused PA and PrA accumulation in the adipose tissue and liver but not in the brain, and reduced plasma and liver triacylglycerol levels. Phytol intake also decreased the fatty acid concentrations in the adipose tissue, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, but increased the concentrations of these fatty acids in the liver. However, dietary phytol had a low impact on the brain lipid profile. This study suggests that dietary phytol intake caused accumulation of PA and PrA and modified lipid profiles in the adipose tissue and liver, but that the brain is an insusceptible tissue to dietary phytol-induced changes.

Effect of Protein Isolated from Chenopodium Pallidicaule “kañiwa” on the Lipid Profile of Induced-hypercholesterolemia in Mice (P06-050-19)

ObjectivesDyslipidemia is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), therefore successful control of lipid levels to reduce the risks of CVD is needed. “Kañiwa” (Chenopodium pallidicaule) is a pseudo-cereal cultivated in the Peruvian Andes in Puno. Several studies have shown effect of “kañiwa” on CVD, most of them are attributed to phenolic compounds. On the other hand, there is evidence that there is a decrease in serum cholesterol levels by intake of protein from pseudo-cereals. We isolated kañiwa protein and evaluated the effect on lipid profile of mice with induced hypercholesterolemia. MethodsKañiwa seeds were ground to obtain flour, it was defatted with hexane. An aqueous solution (1:5 w/v) was brought to pH 9 with 0.1 M NaOH, after centrifugation the supernatant was acidified (pH 4.6 with 0.1 M HCl) to precipitate the protein. It was neutralized and then lyophilized. Male mice BALB/c 6 weeks old were distributed in five groups: control diet (CD), control diet and cholesterol (CDC), 2.5% kañiwa protein and cholesterol (2.5% KP), 5% kañiwa protein (5% KP), control diet + cholesterol + atorvastatin (CDCA), furthermore CDC, 2.5% KP, 5% KP and CDCA received by orogastric tube 63.5 mg/kg of cholesterol. All kind of diet had 21% of protein but a different source. After 8 weeks all mice were sacrificed and blood was obtained by cardiac puncture, serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were measured. ResultsThe isolated was 83.9% of protein. There was a difference in body weight gain among groups during the trial, KP diet group gained less body weight. Serum total cholesterol level and LDL – c of KP diet groups were significantly lower than the CDC group; nevertheless, they were not lower than CDCA group. 5% KP diet was much better to reduce serum cholesterol level. ConclusionsKañiwa protein diet groups gained less body weight compared to the CDC group. KP diet was able to reduce serum cholesterol and LDL – c levels, however, the effect was not better than atorvastatin group. Funding SourcesThis research was funded by the “Research circle in gastronomy and biodiversity” – FONDECYT. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs▪

Curcuma supplementation in high-fat-fed C57BL/6 mice: no beneficial effect on lipid and glucose profile or prevention of weight gain.

This experimental study investigated the effects of curcuma supplementation on weight gain, Body Adiposity Index, glucose and lipid profile, and liver and pancreas histology in C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat diet. 40 animals were separated into four groups: standard diet (SD), standard diet plus curcuma (SD + C), high-fat diet (HFD), and high-fat diet plus curcuma (HFD + C). Curcuma dose was 8mg/animal/day. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed at the end of the experimental period. Curcuma prevented weight gain, despite a higher food intake, and increased brown adipose tissue weight only in mice receiving standard diet. However, these changes were not observed in HFD + C group. The groups that received curcuma (SD + C and HFD + C) showed a pancreas with diffuse macro- and microgoticular steatosis. Curcuma supplementation did not prevent weight gain or improved glucose and lipid profile in mice receiving high-fat diet. Furthermore, there was evidence of possible curcuma toxicity in the pancreas of C57BL/6 mice. The implications of these findings on humans still need to be investigated.

Effect of aqueous extract of Agaricus bispporus on lipid profile of female albino mice treated with peroxide

Agaricus bisporus is cultivated edible mushroom . This study is made to evaluate the activity of A. bisporus extract on lipid profile in mice treated with peroxide. 40 females albino mice were chosen and divided into 4 groups (ten mice per each group). The first group was treated with normal saline as a control, the second group received 2ml/kg body weight of peroxide , While the third set received 2ml/kg body weight of peroxide plus 25 mg/ml A bisporus .Besides, the last fourth group received 25 mg/ml of A. bisporus. The Results have showed a significant increase (p≤ 0.05) in cholesterol(CH) in group 2 (250.01± 1.05)and group3 (204.25±1.80), while there was no significant decrease in CH level of group 4(170.01±2.01) as compared with control group(184.00± 1.02). As well, there was a significant increase in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) in group 2 (159.23±0.9) and group 3 (158.32±2.00), while there was a significant decrease (110.95±1.3) in the level of this parameter in group 4 as compared with the control group(115.98±2.2). Moreover, there was a significant differences in the levels High Density Lipoprotein ( HDL) ,Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) Triglyceride and in all treated groups compared with the control group.

Effect of methylmercury intoxication on blood pressure and lipid profile in mice fed with high fat diet

Effect of methylmercury intoxication on blood pressure and lipid profile in mice fed with high fat diet

Retraction: 5-aminosalicylic acid improves lipid profile in mice fed a high-fat cholesterol diet through its dual effects on intestinal PPARγ and PPARα.

Retraction: 5-aminosalicylic acid improves lipid profile in mice fed a high-fat cholesterol diet through its dual effects on intestinal PPARγ and PPARα.

Microcystis bloom containing microcystin-LR induces type 2 diabetes mellitus

Epidemiological data from Lake Taihu showed significantly higher incidences of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in other areas of China. This may be related to the occurrence of a Microcystis bloom in Lake Taihu in the summer and autumn every year. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the contaminated water from the Microcystis bloom and the derivative pollutant microcystin-LR (MC-LR) can explain the higher incidences of T2DM. Healthy male mice were fed with water from different regions of Lake Taihu, and were either acutely or chronically exposed to MC-LR through oral administration or intraperitoneal injection. Serum lipid profiles were determined, and the effects on T2DM-related gene expression and insulin receptor signaling pathway were investigated. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance (IPGTT) and insulin resistance (IRT) tests were implemented, and the functions of pancreatic islet and β-cell were also evaluated. The results showed that both water sampled from the region with a Microcysis bloom and those containing MC-LR altered the serum glucide and lipid profiles in mice after exposure. The exposure to a Microcysis bloom water affected the expression T2DM-related genes: up-regulated the mRNA levels of FASn, ACACA, G6pc, LPL, and Insig2, and down-regulated the mRNA level of PEPCK and Gsk-3β. Both acute and chronic exposure of MC-LR, even at very low concentrations (1 μg/L), impaired the insulin receptor signalling pathway and induced hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in mice. In this study, the most important intracellular target of MC-LR was found to be hetapocellular mitochondria. Thus, exposure to Microcystis bloom water containing microcystin-LR can induce the incidence of T2DM, by impairing the function of mitochondria by microcystin-LR. The study suggests a review of the risk assessment concerning 1 μg/L MC-LR as the reference dose in surface water.