Lipid Accumulation Product Research Articles

Association between lipid accumulation products and stress urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2005 to 2018

BackgroundStress urinary incontinence (SUI), a common disorder of the pelvic floor, often results in anxiety, poor quality of life, and psychological issues among its sufferers. The relationship between lipid accumulation products (LAP) and stress-related urine incontinence remains unclear. This research aimed to investigate any possible correlation between the risk of SUI and the level of lipid accumulation products.MethodsFor this cross-sectional research, people with SUI who were 20 years of age or older were recruited using information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. A weighted multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the findings. As a potential biomarker, lipid accumulation product levels were sorted among individuals in ascending order and subjected to a trend test (P for trend). Additionally, a nonlinear analysis was conducted using smooth curve-fitting methods. Lipid accumulation products' effectiveness in predicting SUI was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Finally, a subgroup analysis was performed to confirm that the connection between SUI and lipid accumulation products was consistent across all demographic groups.ResultsA thorough survey performed on 14,945 participants indicated that 23.61% of the respondents had SUI. A noteworthy association was observed between higher lipid accumulation product values and a greater probability of SUI in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Specifically, the stratification of lipid accumulation products into quartiles demonstrated a substantial positive correlation between the upper and lower quartiles, as evidenced by an elevated odds ratio for SUI (OR = 1.92; 95%CI 1.51–2.44; P < 0.0001). The subgroup analysis supported link consistency across all cohorts under investigation. Finally, the ROC curve indicated that lipid accumulation products (AUC = 0.67, 95%CI 0.654–0.690) had a superior predictive effect on the likelihood of SUI.ConclusionsIncreased lipid accumulation product values are associated with a higher chance of SUI in adult participants. This suggests that lipid accumulation products could be a valuable marker for detecting SUI, offering new perspectives for its evaluation and treatment.

Prognostic impact of composite lipid indices in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract Background Composite lipid indices have been reported to have associations with several cardiovascular diseases and their negative adverse events. Among these, there are four novel indices that can be easily calculated, namely, triglyceride-glucose index (TyG, calculated from fasting plasma glucose [FPG] and triglyceride [TG]), lipid accumulation product (LAP, calculated from waist circumference [WC] and TG), visceral adiposity index (VAI, calculated from WC, TG, body mass index [BMI], and high-density lipoprotein [HDL]), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP, calculated from TG and HDL). Herein, we aimed to investigate the impact of these indices on the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods All the patients with ACS who underwent PCI at our institution during the 2015-2022 period were included in the analyses. Patients were divided based on each of the TyG, VAI, LAP, and AIP indices quartiles (Q). The median follow-up was 378 days and the outcome assessed was MACCE composed of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, target vessel revascularization, target lesion revascularization, and coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Results There was a total of 13,682 patients with ACS undergoing PCI with a mean age of 62.67 ± 11 years and 72.61% male predominance. Regarding the TyG index, patients in Q4 had a higher incidence of MACCE, compared to those in Q1 (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.271, 95% CI 1.067 – 1.513], p-value &amp;lt; 0.01). While in the crude model, patients in Q2, Q3, and Q4 of LAP had significantly higher rates of MACCE, compared to Q1, this association was not observed in the age- and sex-adjusted model and fully-adjusted model. Similarly, there was no difference among the quartiles of VAI and AIP regarding the incidence of MACCE. Kaplan-Meier curves also show that there were significant differences among TyG and LAP quartiles (p-value = 0.0049 and p-value = 0.035, respectively). Conclusion As our findings suggest, patients with higher TyG levels, as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, had a higher incidence of MACCE. LAP could also play an important role in the incidence of adverse events after PCI. These novel lipid indices could help clinicians in determining the risks of patients with ACS undergoing PCI in order to provide better care to them.Risk of MACCE in different quartilesKaplan Meier Curves for risk of MACCE

Association between visceral lipid accumulation indicators and gallstones: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2017–2020

BackgroundObesity is a major contributing factor to the formation of gallstones. As early identification typically results in improved outcomes, we explored the relationship between visceral lipid accumulation indicators and the occurrence of gallstones.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 3,224 adults. The researchers employed multivariable logistic regression, smoothed curve fitting (SCF), threshold effects analysis, and subgroup analysis to examine the relationship between metabolic scores for visceral fat (METS-VF), waist circumference (WC), lipid accumulation products (LAP), and visceral adiposity index (VAI) and gallstones. A Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to identify key factors which were then used in the construction of a nomogram model. The diagnostic efficacy of this model in detecting gallstones was then determined using receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsVisceral lipid accumulation indicators were strongly linked to the likelihood of having gallstones. Specific saturation effects for METS-VF, WC, LAP, and VAI and gallstones were determined using SCF. The inflection points for these effects were found to be 8.565, 108.400, 18.056, and 1.071, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that associations remained consistent in most subgroups. The nomogram model, which was developed using critical features identified by LASSO regression, demonstrated excellent discriminatory ability, as indicated by an area under the curve value of 0.725.ConclusionsStudies have shown that increases in METS-VF, WC, LAP, and VAI are linked to increased prevalences of gallstones. The nomogram model, designed with critical parameters identified using LASSO regression, exhibits a strong association with the presence of gallstones.

Association of ultra-processed food consumption with cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus

BackgroundUltra-processed foods mainly have high energy content and density and low nutrients. Unhealthy lifestyles mainly develop cardiovascular diseases and, as a result, unhealthy food patterns.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and the risk of novel cardiovascular disease (CVDs) in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2DM).MethodThis is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 490 type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. A validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire evaluated food intake. Ultra-processed foods were assessed according to NOVA classification. Cardiovascular risk factors such as Castelli risk index 1 and 2 (CRI-I and II), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and cholesterol index (CI) were assessed by traditional CVD risk factors. The anthropometric indices predicting CVD, such as a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), and abdominal volume index (AVI), were assessed.ResultsEach 20-gram increase in UPF consumption was associated with a significant elevation in serum level of TC [B (SE): 1.214 (0.537); 95% CI: 0.159–2.269] and lower HDL serum concentration [B (SE): −0.371 (0.155); 95% CI: −0.675 to −0.067]. The crude model for CRI 1 [B (SE): 0.032 (0.012); 95% CI: 0.009–0.056], CRI 2 [B (SE): 0.022 (0.009); 95% CI: 0.004–0.040], and AIP [B (SE): 0.006 (0.003); 95% CI: 0.000–0.012] showed significant adverse effects.ConclusionsOur study showed that higher consumption of UPFs is associated with higher chances of developing cardiovascular diseases in T2DM patients.

Association between visceral adiposity index, lipid accumulation product and type 2 diabetes mellitus in US adults with hypertension: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES from 2005 to 2018

BackgroundThe presence of hypertension significantly increases the risk of diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. Recently, Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) has been introduced as a straightforward and robust alternative indicator for early detection of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and T2DM. Visceral adiposity, more dangerous than subcutaneous fat, is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. The VAI and Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP) are indices that quantify visceral fat and lipid overaccumulation, respectively. This study aims to explore the association between VAI, LAP, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in US adults with hypertension using NHANES data from 2005 to 2018.MethodsWe analyzed data from 5,620 participants with hypertension in The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). VAI and LAP were calculated using established formulas. The VAI is calculated based on a combination of waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between these indices and T2DM, adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses by age and gender were also conducted to assess variations in risk.ResultsIn all, 5,620 participants were enrolled in our analysis, with 2,754 (49%) being female, and a mean (standard deviation, SD) age of 57 (15) years. The mean (SD) cumulative average VAI and LAP among all participants was 241 (2.71) and 75 (67), respectively. Totally, higher VAI and LAP indices were significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM in individuals with hypertension. For VAI, the odds ratios (OR) for T2DM were higher in older adults (≥ 60 years) [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.37, 1.22–1.53, per 1 SD increase] and females [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39, 1.27–1.52, per 1 SD increase], indicating age and gender differences in risk. Non-linear relationships were observed, suggesting thresholds beyond which the risk of T2DM escalates dramatically.ConclusionsBoth VAI and LAP are reliable markers for assessing T2DM risk in individuals with hypertension. Incorporating these indices into clinical practice could enhance the identification of high-risk individuals and facilitate early intervention strategies. Future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these associations and explore targeted interventions.

Association of diabetic retinopathy with plasma atherosclerotic index, visceral obesity index, and lipid accumulation products: NHANES 2005–2008

BackgroundAbdominal obesity, a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), may lead to improved visual outcomes through early assessment. This study aims to evaluate any potential associations between DR and novel lipid metabolism markers, including the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), and Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP).MethodsThis study aimed to elucidate the association between various lipid markers and DR by screening the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database in the United States from 2005 to 2008. To examine the correlation, multifactor logistic regression analysis, subgroup analysis, threshold effect analysis, interaction test, and smooth curve fitting were used.ResultsAmong the 2591 participants included, the incidence of DR was 13.6% and the mean age was 59.55 ± 12.26 years. After adjusting for important confounding covariates, logistic regression studies suggested a possible positive association between LAP, VAI, AIP, and DR occurrence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.004; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.002, 1.006; P < 0.0001; [OR] = 1.090; 95% [CI]: 1.037, 1.146; P = 0.0007; [OR] = 1.802; 95% [CI]: 1.240, 2.618; P = 0.0020). The nonlinear association between LAP and DR was further illustrated using an S-shaped curve by smoothing curve fitting, with the inflection point of the curve located at 63.4. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed with full variable adjustment (P > 0.05 for all interactions).ConclusionStudies have shown that elevated levels of LAP, VAI, and AIP increase the likelihood of DR, suggesting that they have the potential to be predictive markers of DR, emphasizing their potential utility in risk assessment and prevention strategies, and advocating for early intervention to mitigate the likelihood of DR.

Lipid Accumulation Product Is Predictive of Cardiovascular Hospitalizations among Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: Long-Term Follow-Up of the LAERTES Study.

(1) Background: Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is an anthropometric index of abdominal adiposity that has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We aimed to explore the association of LAP with cardiovascular hospitalizations and compare its predictive accuracy with other indices such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. (2) Methods: LAERTES was a prospective, population-based cohort that recruited consecutive patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD) from two Greek hospitals in Athens. Data from 770 participants (13% women, median age 62 years) with a median follow-up of 4.3 years were analyzed in relation to the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events mandating hospital admission (non-fatal myocardial infarction [MI], non-fatal ischemic stroke and malignant ventricular arrhythmias). (3) Results: A total of 127 (16.5%) of the participants were admitted to cardiology clinics over the follow-up period; 12.4% of them developed MI, 2.6% ventricular arrhythmia and 1.5% ischemic stroke. Patients with cardiovascular hospitalization had higher BMI, larger waist circumference, higher LAP and triglycerides and lower HDL-cholesterol than patients without hospitalization. Upper LAP quartile and hypertension were independent predictors for cardiovascular hospitalization (HR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.12-4.34, p = 0.02 and HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.03-2.39, p = 0.03, respectively). (4) Conclusions: Higher LAP quartiles are predictive of adverse cardiovascular events leading to hospital admission and deserve further evaluation in dedicated studies.

Accuracy of novel anthropometric indices for assessing the risk for progression of prediabetes to diabetes; 13 years of results from Isfahan Cohort Study.

We examined the accuracy of novel anthropometric indices in predicting the progression of prediabetes to diabetes. This study was performed on the pre-diabetic sub-population from Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS). Participants were followed up from 2001 to 2013. During every 5-year follow-up survey, patients' data regarding the incidence and time of incidence of diabetes were recorded. We evaluated the association between the risk of developing diabetes and novel anthropometric indices including: visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation products (LAP), deep abdominal adipose tissue (DAAT), abdominal volume index (AVI), A body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI) and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI). We categorized the indices into two groups according to the median value of each index in the population. We used Cox regression analysis to obtain hazard ratios (HR) using the first group as the reference category and used receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis for comparing the predictive performance of the indices. From 215 included subjects, 79 developed diabetes during the 13-year follow-up. AVI, LAP, BRI, and VAI indicated statistically significant HR in crude and adjusted regression models. LAP had the greatest association with the development of diabetes HR = 2.18 (1.36-3.50) in multivariable analysis. ROC curve analysis indicated that LAP has the greatest predictive performance among indices (area under the curve = 0.627). Regardless of baseline confounding variables, prediabetic patients with a higher LAP index may be at significantly higher risk for developing diabetes.

The Different Predictive Effects of Multiple Body Fat Indexes on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease.

The aim of this study was to comprehensively compare the predictive effect of 10 body fat indexes on MAFLD in different sex, age and BMI subgroups. A total of 5403 physical examination data were included and divided into the MAFLD group (N=2632) and non-MAFLD group (N=2771). The differences and correlation of 10 promising indicators between the two groups were compared, including fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral fat index (VAI), cardiometabolic index (CMI), body adiposity index (BAI), and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), waist circumference index (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist to height ratio (WHtR). Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk of MAFLD under different adjustment conditions. The operating characteristic curve of different genders, BMI levels and age subgroups was plotted. Male gender, smoking, alcohol drinking, and higher age are risk factors for MAFLD. In addition to BAI, the other 9 indicators had a high correlation with MAFLD, the area under the curve (AUC) value was >0.7, and the prediction effect was better in females, BMI<24 kg/m2, age <35 years subgroup, among which FLI (AUC: 0.912, 95% CI: 0.905-0.920), LAP (AUC: 0.894, 95% CI: 0.8866-0.903), and HSI (AUC: 0.881, 95% CI: 0.872-0.890) have better prediction effects. Our study confirmed the accuracy of body fat-related indexes in predicting MAFLD in people of different sexes, ages, and BMI levels. Among them, FLI, LAP and HSI have high predictive value and can be utilized as simple and cost-effective tools for screening MAFLD in clinical settings.

Non-invasive hepatic steatosis and fibrosis indices predict differentially mortality in the adult Korean population

Since the association of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis non-invasive indices with mortality remain controversial, their association with all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer and liver-related mortality was evaluated in the Korean population. In this registry-based, cohort study, data were retrieved from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and mortality data from the Korean Cause of Death data registry; 40,491 individuals followed-up for 8.6 years (median). Hepatic fibrosis was evaluated with alanine aminotransferase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), body mass index-AST-to-alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio-diabetes mellitus (BARD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fibrosis-5 (MAF-5) score, and steatosis was evaluated with liver fat score (LFS) and lipid accumulation product (LAP). Cox regression analysis showed that APRI (<1.0 vs. ≥1.0) was independently associated with all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] 3.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.30-6.43, C-index 0.870), cancer (HR 4.21, 95%CI 1.88-9.45, C-index 0.866) and liver-related (HR 25.36, 95%CI 11.02-58.38, C-index 0.909) mortality. MAF-5 (<1.0 vs. ≥1.0) was independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.50, 95%CI 1.10-2.03, C-index 0.868) and liver-related mortality (HR 8.35, 95%CI 3.58-19.46, C-index 0.911). LFS (<1.257 vs. ≥1.257), was independently associated with all-cause (HR 1.55, 95%CI 1.14-2.12, C-index 0.872) and liver-related (HR 7.00, 95%CI 1.63-29.96, C-index 0.887) mortality. LAP (<38.05 vs. ≥38.05) was independently associated with cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.23, 95%CI 1.40-3.58, C-index 0.898). BARD was not associated with mortality. APRI, MAF-5, LFS were independently associated with all-cause mortality, LAP (cut-off 38.05) with cardiovascular mortality, APRI with cancer mortality, and APRI, MAF-5, LFS with liver-related mortality in the adult Korean population.

GDF-15 improves the predictive capacity of Steatotic liver disease non-invasive tests for incident morbidity and mortality risk for cardio-renal-metabolic diseases and malignancies

Background & aimsNoninvasive tools (NITs) are currently used to stratify the risk of having or developing hepatic steatosis or fibrosis. Their performance and a proteomic-enabled improvement in forecasting long-term cardio-renal-metabolic morbidity, malignancies, as well as cause-specific and all-cause mortality, are lacking. Therefore, the performance of established NITs needs to be investigated in identifying cardio-renal-metabolic morbidity, malignancies, cause-specific and overall mortality and improve their performance with novel, proteomic-enabled NITs, including growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), allowing multipurpose utilization. Methods502,359 UK Biobank participants free of the study outcomes at baseline with a 14-year median follow-up were grouped into three categories: a) general population, b) potentially metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) population, c) individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The investigated NITs include Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), Fibrosis 4 Index (FIB-4), Fatty Liver Index (FLI), Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), and metabolic dysfunction–associated fibrosis (MAF-5) score. ResultsAdding GDF-15 to the existing NITs led to significantly increased prognostic performance compared to the traditional NITs in almost all instances, reaching substantially high C-indices, ranging between 0.601 and 0.808, with an overall >0.2 improvement in C-index. Overall, with the GDF-15 enhanced NITs, up to more than seven times fewer individuals need to be screened to identify more incident cases of adverse outcomes compared to the traditional NITs. The cumulative incidence of all outcomes, based on the continuous value percentiles of NITs, is increasing exponentially in the upper quintile of the GDF-15 enhanced NITs. ConclusionsThe herein-developed GDF-15 enhanced indices demonstrate higher screening effectiveness and significantly improved prognostic abilities, which are reduced to practice through an easy-to-use web-based calculator tool (https://clinicalpredictor.shinyapps.io/multimorbidity-mortality-risk/).

Combined oral contraceptive use and obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous endocrine condition and combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have been demonstrated to be the first-line treatment to women who do not intend to become pregnant. The combination of COCs and PCOS may or may not amplify the risks of cardiovascular events. To investigate whether surrogates for obesity may be influenced by the use of COCs containing different formulations in women with PCOS. From January 2024 a literature search was conducted in Google Scholar and Pubmed databases using PCOS, COC, and obesity terms. Hand search of randomized clinical trials in the references of obtained manuscripts was also performed. After the exclusion of reviews and articles that did not fulfill eligibility criteria, compared the results obtained before and after the use of COCs in 13 randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Random-effects model was used to estimate the standardized mean differences (SMD) and standard errors (SE). Risk of bias was examined using the Rob2 tool. Thirteen heterogeneous RCTs reported no difference in waist circumference with the use of different COC formulations (p = 0.714). On the contrary, body fat mass increased with the use of pill (p = 0.013). Waist triglyceride index and lipid accumulation product tended to be higher after the use of COCs (p = 0.073 and p = 0.064, respectively). Combined oral contraceptives with different formulations might increase fat mass accumulation in women with PCOS. Lipids may also be increased in PCOS users. Because some concerns about the quality and heterogeneity identified in various RCTs, caution should be taken before a definitive conclusion regarding the use of COCs and obesity.

Association of visceral adiposity index and lipid accumulation products with prediabetes in US adults from NHANES 2007-2020: A cross-sectional study.

The lipid accumulation product (LAP) and the visceral adiposity index (VAI) are suggested as dependable measures for assessing visceral fat levels. Prediabetes is recognized as a condition that precedes the potential onset of diabetes. The objective of this research is to investigate how VAI and LAP are related to prediabetes among the adult population in the United States. Information from the 2007-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was scrutinized in a cross-sectional study. To evaluate the connection between VAI or LAP and the presence of prediabetes, both univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were utilized. Threshold effect analysis and fitted smoothing curves were used to delve into the non-linear association between VAI or LAP and prediabetes. Additional analyses were performed on specific subgroups, along with tests to explore potential interactions. In general, 12,564 American adults were included. After full adjustment, prediabetes with VAI (OR: 1.128, 95% CI: 1.073-1.185) or LAP (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.004-1.008) showed a positive correlation. Individuals in the 4th VAI quartile group faced a significant 61.9% elevated risk for prediabetes (OR: 1.619, 95% CI: 1.354-1.937) when contrasted to those in the 1st VAI quartile. Participants in the 4th LAP quartile group had a significant 116.4% elevated risk for prediabetes (OR: 2.164, 95% CI: 1.747-2.681) when contrasted to individuals of the 1st LAP quartile. Smooth curve fitting analysis revealed a nonlinear correlation of VAI or LAP and prediabetes, and threshold effect analysis was used to determine an inflection point of 4.090 for VAI and 68.168 for LAP. The values of VAI and LAP are positively associated with the prevalence of prediabetes. The VAI and LAP indices may be used as predictors of prediabetes.

Influence of body fat on heart rate variability in healthy females.

To evaluate the effect of central obesity indices in healthy females on cardiac autonomic activity, using heart rate variability as an index reflecting the cardiac autonomic balance. The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, from September 2020 to April 2021, and comprised adult healthy women having a regular menstrual cycle who were not consumers of tobacco, alcohol or any medication. Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio and lipid accumulation product measurements were noted for each subject. Repeated blood pressure and heart rate measurements were taken on the brachial artery of the right arm until stable values were achieved. Heart rate variability was based on electrocardiogram data related to R-R interval. Data was analysed using GraphPad InStat version 3.06. There were 53 women with mean age 37.4±10.5 years. Low-frequency power normalised units at the highest two quintiles of waist circumference was significantly higher than the lowest two quintiles (p<0.03), and significantly and positively correlated with waist-hip ratio (p<0.02) and waist-height ratio (p<0.05). At the highest two quintiles of lipid accumulation product, low-frequency power normalised units value was significantly higher than at the lowest two quintiles (p<0.02). Increased waist circumference, waist-height ratio, waist-hip ratio and lipid accumulation product values were significantly associated with high sympathetic tone.

HTLV1 infection and long term association with liver function and lipid indices; 10 years’ follow-up

BackgroundHuman T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a well-known retrovirus, particularly prevalent in northeastern Iran, where it is associated with a range of disorders, including liver dysfunction. Previous studies have demonstrated that HTLV-1 infection can alter lipid profiles, yet no research has examined lipid indices and liver function tests in these patients in the long term.MethodsThis data is part of the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) study. A total of 1116 participants were randomly selected, including 837 healthy individuals and 279 HTLV-1-infected patients. Following a 10-year follow-up period, Serum levels of liver enzymes were measured. Lipid indices such as the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Body Adiposity Index (BAC), Castelli risk index (CRI-I, CRI-II), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), and Triglyceride and HDL-C Ratio (THR) were calculated.ResultsMultivariable-adjusted regression analysis demonstrated a significant coefficient for the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) in HTLV-infected patients compared to healthy controls (B: -0.014, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.00, p = 0.046). However, no significant differences were observed in other lipid indices between HTLV-infected patients and healthy individuals. Regarding liver enzymes, significant variations were noted in HTLV-infected patients compared to healthy controls: Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (B: 2.978, 95% CI: 1.34, 4.61, p < 0.001), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) (B: 3.687, 95% CI: 1.59, 5.78, p = 0.001), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (B: 18.232, 95% CI: 6.81, 29.65, p = 0.002), and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) (B: 3.714, 95% CI: 0.18, 7.24, p = 0.039).ConclusionIndividuals with HTLV-1 infection exhibit reduced VAI but elevated levels of liver enzymes such as AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT, indicating liver damage. These findings emphasize the virus’s involvement in liver pathology. Also, HTLV-I is associated with reduced visceral fat tissue.

Association between severe headache or migraine and lipid accumulation product and visceral adiposity index in adults: a cross-sectional study from NHANES

BackgroundExisting literature on the impact of lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) on severe headache or migraine is limited. This study aims to elucidate the association between LAP and VAI and the prevalence of migraine.MethodsData for this study were sourced from the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A database-self-administered questionnaire was used to assess severe headache or migraine. A weighted logistic regression model was employed to assess the relationship between LAP and VAI with migraine prevalence. Complementary analytical approaches included subgroup analysis, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and threshold effect analysis to validate the findings.ResultsIn the end, 4572 people were recruited for the research, including 880 with migraine and 3692 without migraine. Following adjustment for the relevant covariables, weighted logistic regression analysis (OR = 1.409, 95% CI: 1.054, 1.883, P = 0.022; OR = 1.288, 95% CI: 1.010, 1.642, P = 0.042) revealed significantly elevated odds of migraine prevalence in participants within the highest tertile (T3) of LAP and VAI than those in the lowest tertile (T1). The nonlinear association between migraine prevalence and both VAI and LAP was further elucidated through a restricted cubic spline. The threshold analysis pinpointed 2.142 (log-likelihood ratio = 0.016) as the critical inflection point for VAI. Subgroup analysis and interaction testing revealed the significant association was independent in different subgroup factors.ConclusionsThe data indicate a robust association between higher levels of LAP and VAI and an increased prevalence of migraine.

Associations between body fat anthropometric indices and mortality among individuals with metabolic syndrome

BackgroundThe distribution of body fat and metabolic health may contribute to the onset of metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the associations between body fat anthropometric indices (AIs) and mortality in individuals with MetS remain unclear.MethodsParticipants aged 18 years or older with MetS were recruited from the NHANES 1999–2018. The body fat anthropometric indices included the a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), cardiometabolic index (CMI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), waist triglyceride index (WTI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and triglyceride‒glucose (TyG) index. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATPIII) criteria. Mortality data were obtained from the National Death Index through December 31, 2019.ResultsData were collected from 8,379 individuals with MetS, with a median follow-up of 8.5 years, of whom 1,698 died from all causes and 568 from the CCD. The random survival forest (RSF) analysis indicated that the ABSI had the strongest predictive power for both all-cause mortality and CCD mortality among the eight body fat AIs. After adjusting for multiple variables, the ABSI was found to be linearly and positively associated with all-cause and CCD mortality in individuals with MetS. Participants in the highest quartile of ABSI had an increased risk of all-cause (HR = 1.773 [1.419–2.215]) and CCD (HR = 1.735 [1.267–2.375]) mortality compared with those in the lowest quartile. Furthermore, the ABSI predicted areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.735, 0.723, 0.718, and 0.725 for all-cause mortality at 3, 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively, and 0.774, 0.758, 0.725, and 0.715 for CCD mortality, respectively.ConclusionAmong eight body fat AIs, the ABSI exhibited the strongest predictive power for mortality in individuals with MetS. Higher ABSI values significantly increased all-cause mortality and CCD mortality in participants with MetS.

Identifying reliable obesity indices for hyperuricemia among middle-aged and elderly populations: a longitudinal study

BackgroundGiven the established link between obesity and hyperuricemia (HUA), the research want to investigate the relationship between different obesity indices and HUA, and further analyze which obesity index can better predict HUA.MethodsThe data were obtained from a longitudinal study involving middle-aged and elderly populations in Dalian, China. The research encompassed individuals who exhibited typical uric acid levels initially and tracked their progress over a three-year period. 8 obesity indices were evaluated retrospectively. Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify susceptible populations. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were utilized to model the dose-response relationships between obesity indices and HUA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to visualize and compare the predictive value of both traditional and new obesity indices for HUA.ResultsAmong 4,112 individuals with normal baseline uric acid levels, 950 developed HUA. Significant associations with HUA were observed for body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body roundness index (BRI), cardiometabolic index (CMI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and abdominal volume index (AVI). Subgroup analysis indicated that all obesity indices proved more effective in assessing the onset of HUA in women without Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). Further analysis using RCS revealed non-linear dose-response relationships between LAP, CMI, VAI, and HUA in males, with similar non-linear relationships observed for all indices in females. The results from the ROC curves indicate that LAP may serve as a better predictor of HUA in males, and CVAI may serve as a better predictor in females.ConclusionHUA is closely associated with obesity indices. Among females, CVAI emerges as the preferred predictive index for HUA. In males, LAP emerges as the preferred predictive index for HUA.

The Chinese visceral adiposity index: a novel indicator more closely related to cardiovascular disease than other abdominal obesity indices among postmenopausal women

BackgroundSeveral abdominal obesity indices including waist circumference (WC), waist–hip ratio (WHR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), and Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) were considered effective and useful predictive markers for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in general populations or diabetic populations. However, studies investigating the associations between these indices among postmenopausal women are limited. Our study aimed to investigate the associations of the five indices with incident CVD and compare the predictive performance of CVAI with other abdominal obesity indices among postmenopausal women.MethodsA total of 1252 postmenopausal women without CVD at baseline were analyzed in our investigation based on a 10-year follow-up prospective cohort study. Link of each abdominal obesity index with CVD were assessed by the Cox regression analysis and the Kaplan–Meier curve. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to compare the predictive ability for CVD.ResultsDuring the median follow-up of 120.53 months, 121 participants newly developed CVD. Compared to quartile 1 of LAP and CVAI, quartile 4 had increased risk to develop CVD after fully adjusted among postmenopausal women. When WC, VAI and CVAI considered as continuous variables, significant increased hazard ratios (HRs) for developing CVD were observed. The areas under the curve (AUC) of CVAI (0.632) was greatly higher than other indices (WC: 0.580, WHR: 0.538, LAP: 0.573, VAI: 0.540 respectively).ConclusionsThis study suggested that the abdominal obesity indices were associated with the risk of CVD excluded WHR and highlighted that CVAI might be the most valuable abdominal obesity indicator for identifying the high risk of CVD in Chinese postmenopausal women.

Green Tea Kombucha Impacts Inflammation and Salivary Microbiota in Individuals with Excess Body Weight: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Green tea kombucha (GTK) is a fermented beverage with promising health benefits, but few studies proved its impact on human health. Thus, we aimed to investigate the impact of GTK on weight loss, inflammation, and salivary microbiota in individuals with excess body weight. This is a randomized controlled clinical trial that lasted 10 weeks with two groups of individuals with excess body weight: control (CG; n = 29; caloric restriction) and kombucha (KG; n = 30; caloric restriction + 200 mL GTK). Body composition, anthropometry, saliva, and blood collection were performed in the beginning and end of the intervention. Plasma interleukins were determined by flow cytometry. Salivary microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Both groups decreased weight, BMI, and body fat (p < 0.001) after the intervention, but there were no differences between groups. The KG reduced lipid accumulation product (LAP) (p = 0.029). Both groups decreased IL-1β and IL-8, but IL-6 increased in the CG (p = 0.023) compared to the kombucha group. Alpha and beta diversity of salivary microbiota increased in the KG. Moreover, the KG presented lower Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio (p = 0.028), and BMI was positively associated with the Bacillota phylum. GTK did not enhance weight loss, but it decreased the LAP. GTK helped in the inflammatory profile and induced positive changes in oral microbiota composition.