Lion In Winter Research Articles

Sex, Politics, Religion: Teaching Challenging Medievalisms with Becket (1964) and The Lion in Winter (1968)

This essay explores how the films Becket (1964) and The Lion in Winter (1968), both starring Peter O’Toole as Henry II, can start conversations about medieval sexuality, politics, and religion in the undergraduate classroom. All three of these topics are frequently imagined by students as monolithic in the medieval period; sex and sexuality, for example, can be reduced to heterosexual practices joylessly regulated by church law. Insofar as students have a conception of medieval political systems, these are usually imagined as both strictly hierarchical and inescapably oppressive. Medieval religion — usually Christianity — is also often imagined as an instrument of oppression and control. All these negative assumptions can be productively interrogated using these films. This essay explores how the films — colorful, tightly scripted, and featuring arguably some of the twentieth century’s most celebrated actors — are useful teaching tools, both in an undergraduate course on the Middle Ages in cinema, and in a general medieval survey course. Becket, with its characteristically Anouilhian theme of realism vs. idealism, is a good starting point for discussing the complexities of medieval law, church politics and the church’s social functions with students. The films also help to start useful conversations on the visibility and invisibility of medieval women in film. Finally, both films depict queer sexualities in ways that are at odds with much popular medievalism. Whether in The Lion in Winter’s multiple transgressive sexual relationships, or in the visually explicit erotic tension between Burton’s portrayal of Becket and O’Toole’s Henry II, this essay examines how these films challenge students’ preconceptions and create opportunities for analyzing relevant primary sources. As such, this essay discusses both pedagogical strategies and assignment options related to the two films. I argue that both films can encourage analysis of the Angevin Empire and its afterlives in popular culture, and that this analysis is broadly relevant to popular medievalisms.Banner image: The Lion in Winter (1968), Haworth Productions. Image taken from Filmdetail (www.filmdetail.com).

REPRESENTATION AND IMPACT OF SYMBOLIC VIOLENCE IN GOLDMAN’S “THE LION IN WINTER” STORY

Symbolic violence is a type of violence that is difficult to detect. However, this type of violence is really visible. It can be found in numerous forms and tactics throughout the entertain environment which is drama. Especially in “The Lion in Winter” drama. It is reflecfed the issue about the woman who had symbolic violence from her environment. Not only symbolic violence, the woman got gender inequality that continues to discredit her and patriarchal construction system that legitimizes gender inequality. Feminist approach applied to support the data in this research. This research used Bourdieu (1991) theory to analyze the representation of symbolic violence. Bourdieu used this notion to explain the mechanism by which the elite, or the ruling upper class, transmits their lifestyle to the ruling lower class. The method in this research applied in the descriptive qualitative method from Creswell (2009). To collect the data, this research used theory from Ratna (2004) which is regard to the actions and dialog performance. The story in the drama was studied using library research and a feminism perspective. The Result of the research showed that symbolic violence reflected from the main character who is becoming discrimination without relazing if she is in indoctrinate. The impacts of symbolic violence make the main character become betrayal, lying, disrespect, hatred speech, and insult.

MAXIM VIOLATIONS ON "THE LION IN WINTER" MOVIE

The purpose of this research was to determine the maxim that violated in the movie “The Lion in Winter”. The characters in the movie were chosen as the data source that has a high probability of violating the maxims. This study used Grice (1989) theory to analyse the types of maxim violation. The method in this research applied the descriptive qualitative method from Creswell (2009). Then, the researchers used the non-participatory technique because the researchers did not include in the event. The pragmatic identity from Sudaryanto (2015) was included to analyse the data. In addition, this research found four type of maxim violation from the data source. Those were 7 data in maxim of quantity, 3 data in maxim of quality, 4 data in maxim of relation and 4 data in maxim of manner.

Lion in Winter: Sam Steele, the Yukon, and the Chaos in the Canadian Expeditionary Force in England

The Northern Review 44 (2017): 267–291 Major-General Sir Samuel Benfield Steele, the iconic Western Canadian policeman famed for helping to tame the West and the rowdy miners of the Yukon, was also a senior military commander in the chaotic administration of the Canadian Expeditionary Force in England in the First World War. Called by one biographer called the “Lion of the Frontier,” Steele was less successful in his First World War command than popular narratives of his life have portrayed. This article demonstrates how he floundered under the strains of total war. In the Yukon, Steele’s natural decisiveness and independence received free rein, where he did not have to defer and get approval from multiple authorities for decisions, and where the scale of his responsibility was such that he could directly interact with all involved. In those conditions, Steele thrived. He was a leader made by the frontier and performed best in that environment. In England, now in the centre and far from the frontier, the attributes, character, and experience that served him so well did not translate. Steele was not the primary culprit or cause of the chaos in the administration in England, but neither was he blameless or innocent of contributing to it. In effect, the Lion of the Frontier became the Lion in Winter. This article is part of a special collection of papers originally presented at a conference on “The North and the First World War,” held May 2016 in Whitehorse, Yukon. https://doi.org/10.22584/nr44.2017.012

Dwight Eisenhower and American Foreign Policy During the 1960s: An American Lion in Winter. By Richard M.Filipink, Jr.New York: Lexington Books, 2014. 133 pp.

Dwight Eisenhower and American Foreign Policy During the 1960s: An American Lion in Winter. By Richard M. Filipink, Jr. New York: Lexington Books, 2014. 133 pp. Richard M. Filipink, Jr. pierces through the mythology that still surrounds Dwight D. Eisenhower and portrays him as an extremely conservative ideologue and a Machiavellian politician shaping American foreign policy in the 1960s. The author makes a persuasive case that Eisenhower used his immense personal popularity to influence the foreign policy of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson. Clearly, he consistently advocated a militaristic response to the many challenges these Democratic presidents faced in the Cold War. Unquestionably, Eisenhower was devious, intellectually disingenuous, and politically partisan. The author states, Once he was no longer in office, Eisenhower was clearly much more willing to support the use of force to obtain foreign policy goals (111). In fact, he was the same old Eisenhower. As president, he had, behind the scenes, habitually supported threatening or using force in Korea, Indochina, China, Iran, Guatemala, Lebanon, and Cuba. He carefully hid this militant belligerency from both the public and the press. President Eisenhower, a man of the middle path and a moderate Republican, is essentially mythological. Filipink shatters many of these falsehoods by showing him as extremely quarrelsome and taking contradictory stands on many issues before eventually taking a negotiated public position, while often holding the exact opposite point of view in private. Virtually all of the crises in foreign affairs that Kennedy and Johnson confronted have their origins in the Eisenhower administration. Eisenhower carefully maintained his reputation of being nonpartisan in foreign affairs, while, in reality, being highly partisan and extremely critical of the Democrats. Kennedy and Johnson reasonably feared the possibility that he would attack their foreign policy. Appeasing Eisenhower became an important theme for them. Kennedy, however, as Filipink properly points out, had a healthy disdain for Ike's foreign policy advice. Kennedy wisely rejected his counsel on sending U.S. troops to Laos. Eisenhower gave Kennedy a scathing critique of the Bay of Pigs, but then promised not to publicly embarrass or humiliate the new president. Kennedy then calmly took no military action with the construction of the Berlin Wall. All of these actions made him appear weak to Eisenhower. Yet, with his successful handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis, Kennedy adopted a very independent foreign policy. He negotiated a limited test ban treaty, which Eisenhower had opposed. …

Richard M. Filipink Jr.Dwight Eisenhower and American Foreign Policy during the 1960s: An American Lion in Winter.

Richard M. Filipink Jr.<i>Dwight Eisenhower and American Foreign Policy during the 1960s: An American Lion in Winter</i>.

Dwight Eisenhower and American foreign policy during the 1960s: an American lion in winter

Chapter 1: Eisenhower Administration Foreign Policy: An Overview Chapter 2: Kennedy and Eisenhower: Uneasy Beginnings Chapter 3: The Crisis Years: 1961-63 Chapter 4: Transition and Reelection: LBJ and Eisenhower 1963-4 Chapter 5: Johnson, Eisenhower, and Vietnam 1965 Chapter 6: Mutual Decline: LBJ & Ike 1966-68 Chapter 7: Conclusion

A lion in winter: honoring the life and work of Robert B. Edgerton, part II.

A lion in winter: honoring the life and work of Robert B. Edgerton, part II.

A lion in winter: honoring the life and work of Robert B. Edgerton, part I.

A lion in winter: honoring the life and work of Robert B. Edgerton, part I.

The “Dangerous” Chicago Defender

The Chicago Defender is one of the largest and most influential African American newspapers in the U.S. Some called it radical and dangerous. That's because as early as 1920 it demanded racial equality, particularly in the South, in jobs, housing and transportation and preached black empowerment and black self-reliance. The paper published incendiary editorials with messages such as, “When the white fiends come to the door to kill you, shoot them down. When the white mob comes, take at least one with you.” But did the Defender maintain this aggressive stance some forty years later, in 1968, for instance, at a time when the civil rights movement was spreading across the country? To gain a true sense of history one must study the lion in winter as well as in spring. Thus this research examines what editorial positions the Defender took in 1968 and how readers responded through letters to the editor.

A Lion at Rest

Richard John Bing, who died on November 8, 2010, at the age of 101, in his home at La Canada, Calif, was one of the most eminent cardiovascular investigators of the 20th century. In reality, however, he had several incarnations: one as a musician and composer of modern music; the other, as a physician scientist of the old school, equally at home at the bedside and in the laboratory. In his later years, he lived through a third incarnation, that of a writer. Richard J. Bing, MD, 1909 to 2010. Courtesy of Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA. First and foremost, however, Richard will be remembered as a pioneer in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease by physiological methods,1 as the father of the field defined as cardiac metabolism,2 and as the first to assess coronary flow noninvasively with a radioactive tracer (Rb84),3 which laid the foundations for nuclear cardiology and, more specifically, positron emission tomography. But Richard did much more. C. Willis Hurst has described Richard Bing as a Renaissance man.4 His colleagues remember his colorful personality. I remember my first encounter with Richard at a small meeting in 1974 when he entertained us after dinner by playing improvisations on the piano. We did not go to bed until well after midnight. Little did I know then that Richard was a composer of 20th century orchestral, chamber, and choral music, and that his music was performed by some of the great orchestras, including the Vienna Philharmonic. But I know well that, at that very night, I got hooked on cardiovascular research. Last year, I had the fortune to write about Richard's life on the occasion of his 100th birthday. I entitled the article “Richard Bing at 100 – A Lion in Winter.” Richard …

Teaching &amp; Learning Guide for: Teaching the Middle Ages on Film: Visual Narrative and the Historical Record

A comparatively new medium, film can be used for a range of discussions about the ways in which history is recorded, edited, shaped, and remembered; it is also useful for teaching contemporary interpretation of older literatures. Like historical fiction – or works of art more generally – movies with historical themes are most productively studied in their broader contexts, alongside, and in conjunction with, written sources. The classroom provides a perfect venue for such study. While reading and analyzing older texts, students can also be taught to read films for their authenticity, their accuracy or inaccuracy of detail in portraying the past, and for effective (or ineffective) use of purposeful or intentional anachronism, among other approaches. Film enhances the study of texts; careful reading of texts may, in turn, lead to more critical evaluation of film.

John Hart Ely and the Problem of Gerrymandering: The Lion in Winter

In Democracy and Distrust, John Hart Ely articulated a participation-oriented, representation-reinforcing approach to judicial review that advanced both an anti-entrenchment and an antidiscrimination rationale for judicial intervention. This essay, prepared for a symposium honoring Ely held at Yale Law School in November 2004, explores the implications of his work for a central issue of democratic governance: legislative apportionment. Part I shows that although Ely celebrated the Warren Court's Reapportionment Revolution as a paradigmatic example of the anti-entrenchment approach, he essentially ignored the ways in which the Burger Court's jurisprudence of racial vote dilution, with its focus on geographically discrete minority groups subjected to majority prejudice, exemplifies the antidiscrimination approach. Part II looks at the implications of Ely's theory for contemporary controversies over race-conscious redistricting. Ely's final work - a trilogy defending the Rehnquist Court's Shaw jurisprudence as a wedge for attacking political gerrymandering more broadly - reveals an implicit tension within his approach: while the anti-entrenchment and antidiscrimination rationales may have dovetailed during the years of Democracy and Distrust, today they can operate at cross purposes. The protection of minority interests is now often best served not by judicial skepticism of legislative outcomes, but by judicial deference to plans that allocate power to politicians elected from minority communities. In the end, Ely's trilogy may reflect his romance with the Warren Court, which saw discrete and insular racial minorities as essentially objects of judicial solicitude, rather than efficacious political actors in their own right.

Sex and the Single Amazon in Twelfth-Century Latin Epic

&gt;'I even made poor Louis take me on Crusade. How's that for blasphemy? I dressed my maids as Amazons and rode bare-breasted halfway to Damascus. Louis had a seizure and I damn near died of windburn, but the troops were dazzled.' This is Eleanor of Aquitaine speaking, not perhaps as she was, but as she is imagined in The Lion in Winter. As a teenager going to summer stock in southern Indiana, I was shocked and delighted by Eleanor's reminiscences of the Second Crusade, as by the other Plantagenet perversities acted out that muggy July night. At sixteen, this became the twelfth century for me, soon to be reinforced by the film version of the play, and supplemented by Kenneth Clark's Civilisation episode on the age of the cathedrals. But Clark, alas, offered neither Amazons nor homosexual heirs to the throne of Henry II.

Henry II and the Angevin Tradition of Family Hostility

Those non-medievalists who had the opportunity to see the film The Lion in Winter may well have concluded that the intensity and extent of hostility among the members of King Henry II's family had been exaggerated for dramatic effect. It would appear, however, that the rivalries between Henry and his sons, and of the latter among themselves, provide a noteworthy example of an historical reality that was even more virulent than the fictionalized version. For example, in 1173-1174, Henry's sons, Henry the Younger, Richard, and Geoffrey, revolted against their father despite the fact that they were only teenagers at the time. The youths were joined in this effort by their mother, Eleanor. However, she was captured by Henry II, who imprisoned her until his own death sixteen years later. In 1182, Henry the Younger again threatened to revolt against his father. The next year found the youth at war with his brother Richard. This conflict widened when Geoffrey joined his brother against Richard, who subsequently was supported by the king. During this campaign Henry the Younger and Geoffrey appear to have attempted to have their father killed. In 1184, following Henry the Younger's death, Geoffrey and his youngest brother, John, went to war against Richard. Finally, in 1189, King Henry died while at war against Richard, who was supported by John.Henry's family problems were not limited to hostilities with his sons, for on two earlier occasions, in 1152 and 1156, he went to war against his own brother Geoffrey. In a similar vein, Henry's sons did not only find themselves in conflict with their father but, as noted above, they fought against each other. This did not end with Henry's death: John and Richard were in conflict with each other on several occasions, and the former certainly was responsible for the murder of his nephew Arthur.

The Lion in Winter

These are times that try men's Anglophilia. Britain is in the midst of a largely self-made energy crisis, owing very little to the Arab oil cutbacks. The threat of massive unemployment, the lost production, the cold and darkness as winter goes on is largely a part of Britain's continuing saga of bloody-minded industrial relations. But while many of the elements here are, at the moment, peculiarly British, there is reason to fear a repetition of events like these elsewhere and, eventually, globally.The immediate problem is a threat to the nation's coal and electricity supplies due to “industrial action” by the coal miners and railroad engineers. One says industrial action because the “actions” are not strikes but yet have effects almost as severe. Perhaps because they were so long excluded from effective political power, British working men developed over the decades the art of industrial action to a refinement unsurpassed anywhere.