Linnaeus University Research Articles

Enhancing Tourism Sustainability of Archipelago Countries: A Bibliometric Exploration of the Triple Helix Concept

This study employs a comprehensive bibliometric approach to unravel the intricate economic, ecological, and social linkages in sustainable tourism within archipelago countries. Utilizing bibliographic methodologies, the research endeavours to map the literature related to this specified theme, with Scopus serving as the primary data source. The VOS-viewer analysis tool is employed to delineate and characterize the identified keywords. A total of 1,380 documents related to the research theme were meticulously gathered, with the study specifically limiting the recorded country areas to selected archipelago countries. Authorship analysis spotlights Hall C.M. as the foremost contributor based on the analyzed sample data, and the literature journal "Governance, the State and Sustainable Tourism: A Political Economy Approach" emerges as the most-cited publication. The United Kingdom takes centre stage as the primary contributor among countries. At the same time, the School of Business and Economics at Linnaeus University, Sweden, stands out as the institution making the most substantial contribution to publications concerning the economic, ecological, and social linkages of sustainable tourism in archipelago countries. This study significantly contributes to the mapping of literature on economic, ecological, and social interconnections, providing valuable insights into sustainable tourism in archipelago countries over the past 12 years.

English complex premodifiers and their German and Swedish correspondences

Abstract This study concerns English hyphenated premodifiers (science-based targets; lower-back pain) contrasted with their German and Swedish correspondences. The data stem from the Linnaeus University English-German-Swedish corpus (LEGS), which contains non-fiction texts, but comparisons are also made to fiction texts from the English-Swedish Parallel Corpus (ESPC). The study shows that these condensed and complex premodifiers are more frequent in English originals than in English translations, and more typical of the non-fiction genre than that of fiction. Information density and terminological precision thus seem to be more important factors for the use of hyphenated premodifiers than creativity and expressiveness. In original English, two-thirds of the right-hand elements are either nouns or ed-participles. In translated English, numerals as left-hand elements (three-page document) are less frequent than in original English. Regarding German and Swedish correspondences, around half are premodifiers. Postmodifiers in the form of prepositional phrases and relative clauses are more frequent in Swedish than in German, which instead “overuses” premodifying extended attributes. Compound adjectives/participles and compound nouns are the most frequent correspondences in both German and Swedish. In almost half the instances, German and Swedish translators choose the same correspondents, indicating a high degree of similarity in the structural preferences in the two target languages.

Online subject searching of humanities PhD students at a Swedish university

PurposeThis exploratory study aims to help contribute to the understanding of online information search behaviour of PhD students from different humanities fields, with a focus on subject searching.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on a semi-structured interview within which the participants are asked to conduct both a controlled search task and a free search task. The sample comprises eight PhD students in several humanities disciplines at Linnaeus University, a medium-sized Swedish university from 2020.FindingsMost humanities PhD students in the study have received training in information searching, but it has been too basic. Most rely on web search engines like Google and Google Scholar for publications' search, and university's discovery system for known-item searching. As these systems do not rely on controlled vocabularies, the participants often struggle with too many retrieved documents that are not relevant. Most only rarely or never use disciplinary bibliographic databases. The controlled search task has shown some benefits of using controlled vocabularies in the disciplinary databases, but incomplete synonym or concept coverage as well as user unfriendly search interface present hindrances.Originality/valueThe paper illuminates an often-forgotten but pervasive challenge of subject searching, especially for humanities researchers. It demonstrates difficulties and shows how most PhD students have missed finding an important resource in their research. It calls for the need to reconsider training in information searching and the need to make use of controlled vocabularies implemented in various search systems with usable search and browse user interfaces.

The story behind an exhibited rag rug

In my paper, I describe my insights as manager of the textile workshop at the Department of Design at Linnaeus University, as well as how we teach material-based work. Part of my work as a workshop manager is to conduct a major clean-up at the end of every year. Last year, when I was standing in front of a pile of waste textiles, I began to reflect on how this pile of textile had been transformed from well-working material into waste. In a previous project with the research group Praktikforum, together with my colleagues, I explored what kinds of waste we produced when we made material-based artistic work. Thus, it was no surprise that practice-based work produced waste. The surprise was what I could understand from it. Looking closer into the waste, I obtained a deeper understanding of what had happened in the workshop during the year; how the students had used the material, what they had learned and what sometimes went wrong became obvious. I gained a deeper understanding of how we use, understand and teach/learn about materials and how we can develop the workshop by learning from the waste. At the same time, I learned the technique of ‘inbraiding’. For me, this was a new craft technique, in which waste textiles can be used when making rugs. I saw the opportunity to use the waste and upcycle it. By exhibiting the rug, I want to discuss the possibility of working more sustainably with crafts.

Projektifierad forskning

Research “projectified” – an ongoing evaluation of a local labour market projectIn this paper the researcher’s role within a small-scale project aiming at social change is problematized in the light of the the organizational specificities of the project. The text is based on experiences from a labour market project, in a small industrial community, where two colleagues and I at the Department of Social Work at Linnaeus University conducted ongoing research in the years 2018–2020. Over this period, we acted as a sounding board for the project management and assisted with analyses of the activities carried out in the project, from the start-up phase, over a consolidated phase to its completion.In retrospect, the conditions for conducting ongoing research within the framework of a smallscale project raise several questions of which two will be discussed here. Firstly, the researchers role in an often conflicting relationship between operational development and knowledge creation. Secondly, the researchers role in the knowledge accounting of the change work carried out in the project.It can be argued that the researcher role is at risk of being “projectified”, i.e., the knowledge creation and the reporting of the change work is adapted to the conflicts and tensions between dayto-day practice and the goals of the change work in negotiation with the project’s stakeholders.

NorVIS 1st Young Researchers Conference: Abstracts 2022

The first NorVIS Young researchers conference was held at the University of South-Eastern Norway (USN) in Kongsberg on November 16–18, 2022. The aim of the conference is to be an arena for young researchers (in career, not necessarily in age) to share knowledge, get to know each other and stimulate to more research within vision in stroke or other brain injury. The interdisciplinary meeting was organised as a one-day meeting, with presentations including study protocols, master’s project, PhD and post doc clinical research. The meeting was organised by Torgeir S. Mathisen and Helle K. Falkenberg from USN, who also served in the scientific committee together with Antonio F. Macedo (Linnaeus University) and Mirjam van Tilborg (Hogeschool Utrecht). The abstracts from contributed authors are listed in the order of presentation.

About the Authors

Other| October 01 2022 About the Authors Music and the Moving Image (2022) 15 (3): 60. https://doi.org/10.5406/19407610.15.3.04 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation About the Authors. Music and the Moving Image 1 October 2022; 15 (3): 60. doi: https://doi.org/10.5406/19407610.15.3.04 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveUniversity of Illinois PressMusic and the Moving Image Search Advanced Search heidi hart is an art and humanities fellow at SixtyEight Art Institute in Copenhagen. She holds an MFA from Sarah Lawrence College and a PhD in German Studies from Duke University (2016). She completed a postdoc at Utah State University and is a regular guest instructor at Linnaeus University in Sweden. She has received an ACLS-Mellon fellowship and several grants for environmental curriculum development. Heidi's publications include the monographs Hanns Eisler's Art Songs: Arguing with Beauty (Camden House, 2018) and Music and the Environment in Dystopian Narrative: Sounding the Disaster (Palgrave Studies in Music and Literature, 2018). Her curatorial book Climate Thanatology is forthcoming in 2022 (Really Simple Syndication Press).kaapo huttunen is currently a PhD student at the University of Turku, the Faculty of Humanities. He conducts research on the role of music and sound design in the aesthetics of Nordic noir, the crime fiction style from the... You do not currently have access to this content.

Phytoremediation development in Sweden

The contaminated air, water and soil have been major environmental issues during the last decades in Sweden. The phytoremediation technologies with ecological and economic benefits may help to alleviate those problems, especially related to heavy metal and organic pollutants. There is paucity of literatures on comprehensive understanding of phytoremediation technology development in Sweden. The Environmental Science and Engineering Group (ESEG) at Linnaeus University has been working on the relevant topics for decades and achieved some important findings. This study aimed at providing a systematic insight on the phytoremediation development in Sweden through literature reviews as well as summarizing the doctoral theses presented by ESEG. Herein suggestions and recommendations for phytoremediation development are given, especially those projects and research in Sweden and other countries with similar climate situation, which can benefit the works for site managers and engineers as well as ecologists and biochemists.The study presents useful findings: 1) The majority of phytoremediation research in Sweden is focused on wetlands. Some are working on soil remediation, and very few on air purification. Submerged plant species in wetlands have been shown to be more effective at removing heavy metals than free-floating and terrestrial plants. Willow is the most popular species used in soil remediation, and there are many different clones. There are some other potential plants for phytoremediation, including Poplar, Silver Birch, Alfalfa, Spinach, Fireweed, Reed Canary grass, Scots pine, Rapeseed, etc. 2) Composting, bacteria, and iodides are examples of additions that can help improve phytoremediation efficiency. 3) Both biomass yields and contaminants accumulation concentration in plant must be considered when evaluating phytoremediation efficiency. 4) The efficacy of the phytoremediation function will be influenced by factors such as plant selection, climate situation, additions of substrate, soil properties, etc. Furthermore, the concentration of contaminants varies between plants as well as between different parts of the plant. 5) Management and maintenance are essential for a successful phytoremediation operation. It is critical to protect plants against disease, fungi, insects, pests and so on.

Dry eye symptoms using the Ocular Surface Disease Index in Sweden: a short report from a pilot study

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dry eye symptoms in the Swedish population using a web-based version of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI). A web-based version of the OSDI questions was implemented in an online form using a software developed by Artologik. The link to the form was distributed via Linnaeus University social media pages. Basic demographic information such as age, sex and county of residence was also collected. A total of 404 complete responses were received, 303 respondents (75%) were females, the median age = 39 (interquartile range = 28-53) years, median OSDI-score = 19 (interquartile range = 9-32). Crude prevalence of dry eye symptoms (categories mild to severe) was 65% (95% CI = 62-75). The difference in prevalence between males and females was statistically significant (chi-square test, p = 0.007). The current study found that the prevalence of dry eye symptoms among a sample of the Swedish population was 65%. These results highlight the need to investigate further the prevalence and risk factors for dry eye disease in the Swedish population.

A Conversation with Cornelius Holtorf

Cornelius Holtorf is UNESCO Chair on Heritage Futures at Linnaeus University. He reads prehistoric archaeology, social anthropology and physical anthropology in Germany, England and Wales. In 1998 he gained his PhD and was subsequently employed in research and teaching at the University of Gothenburg (1998-1999), the University of Cambridge (1999-2002), the Swedish National Heritage Board in Stockholm (2002-2004) and the University of Lund (2005-2008). Since 2008 Cornelius have been working at Kalmar where he is currently a Professor of Archaeology at Linnaeus University and Director of the Graduate School in Contract Archaeology (GRASCA).

Publication practices in the Humanities

This paper is a case study of research publication practices at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities at Linnaeus University, a young, mid-sized university in the south-east of Sweden. Research output was measured from publications in the local institutional repository following the guidelines of local research policy as defined in university documentation. The data collection comprised 3,316 metadata records of publications self-registered by authors affiliated with the faculty during the period of 2010–2018. A statistical analysis of research output was conducted, focusing on preferred publication types, disciplinary specificity, level of co-authorship, and the language of the publication as registered in the local repository. The analysis focused on two main research questions: 1) how do the local research practices stand in relation to traditional publication patterns in the humanities? 2) how do the observed publication patterns relate to local university policy on publication and research evaluation? The empirical results suggest a limited correlation between publication practices and research incentives from university management, a finding that is corroborated by previous research on the scholarly character of the humanities and university policies. Overall, traditional humanities publication patterns were largely maintained throughout the period under investigation.

On brackets in translation (or how to elaborate in brackets)

This paper presents findings on the use of brackets in original texts and translations based on the Linnaeus University English-German-Swedish corpus (LEGS). The results show that in originals, brackets are the most frequent in English and the least in Swedish. Translations usually contain more brackets than originals. There are two reasons for this. First, most brackets are retained, and secondly, many are added. Added brackets mostly contain short synonyms facilitating target-reader comprehension. English translators introduce the most changes (additions, omissions, downgrades and upgrades), and Swedish ones the least. Brackets tend to fulfil content-oriented rather than interpersonal functions. When brackets are replaced by other punctuations marks in translations, these tend to be commas or no punctuation marks at all. German originals have a stronger preference for bracketing phrases than clauses compared to English and Swedish. These German phrasal brackets are often expanded into clauses in translations.

Multidisciplinary policies and practices to support and empower informal carers in Europe

Introduction (Core aim of the workshop)According to research, informal carers provide over 80% of all care in Europe. Despite their vital role, carers’ needs are rarely discussed. Yet, demographic ageing puts carers under growing pressure, with negative outcomes on their health and wellbeing. Over the last few years, much has been done to take forward the carers’ agenda. However, the success of initiatives aiming to address carers’ needs depends on the interplay between a broad set of social and health policies and developments have often been implemented in a siloed manner. This workshop will present inspiring carer-led initiatives focusing on different stages of the informal carer ‘journey’ where private, public and voluntary sector organisations collaborate around more carer-friendly approaches.BackgroundIn Europe, the estimated value of unpaid informal care - as a percentage of the cost of formal long-term care - ranges from 50 to 90 %. The latest Ageing report highlights that a progressive shift from informal to professional care would entail an increase of 130% in the share of GDP devoted to long-term care. Against this backdrop, meeting the growing care needs of an ageing population without recognising and supporting informal carers will be challenging. Besides its bearing on the financial sustainability of care systems, informal care also contributes to social cohesion and intergenerational solidarity.Aims and ObjectivesStecy Yghemonos, Eurocarers, will provide a quick overview of the situation of informal carers in the EU and present the Eurocarers Strategy "10 steps towards carer-friendly societies in Europe".Elizabeth Hanson, Linnaeus University, will shed light on young carers, a sub-group of carers which is still largely invisible. Her presentation will underline the importance of awareness raising among professionals in the care and educational sectors and the need for adequate tools allowing to identify and support young carers through multidisciplinary collaborations.John Dunne, Family Carers Ireland, will describe the emerging Irish model for supporting family carers across different ‘tiers’ of the carer population and several dimensions of carer well-being in an integrated, cost-effective manner. He will also outline how building carer resilience strengthens integrated care by enhancing carers’ capacity to engage in healthcare partnerships.Target audienceThe workshop will serve to inform policy-makers, health and social care professionals, as well as patients and carers advocates about the needs and added value of carers in integrated community-based care settings.Learnings/Take awayRecognising carers as partners in care in integrated care pathways has positive effects on the quality of care they provide and helps to prevent the adverse impact of caring on carers’ health and wellbeing.Format- Introduction on situation of informal carers in the EU, Stecy Yghemonos (5’)- Presentation of initiatives on young (adult) carers (10’)- Q&A on presentation (5’)- Presentation of Irish model (10’)- Q&A on presentation (5’)- General discussion (25’): participants will be invited to share about practices and policies in their countries, and to identify common challenges and opportunities.Preferred length60 minutes

Factors associated with symptoms of prolonged grief among bereaved family members of persons who died from sudden cardiac arrest

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Linnaeus University, Sweden Background High incidence and mortality make cardiac arrest one of the leading causes of death in western countries. Death from sudden cardiac arrest implies a stressful and challenging situation for bereaved family members with increased risk for prolonged grief disorder. This serious disorder needs to be identified and treated. Purpose To explore factors associated with symptoms of prolonged grief among bereaved family members of persons who died from sudden cardiac arrest. Methods This cross-sectional observational study was based on a questionnaire to bereaved family members six month after the death. Background questions about the family member and the loss, the Prolonged Grief disorder instrument (PG-13) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were included and analyzed using univariate and multiple linear regression. Results This study included 108 family members who were adult children (n = 55, 51%), spouse (n = 36, 33%), or significant others (n = 17, 16%) to a person that died of sudden cardiac arrest. The mean age of the family members was 61 years (range 25-87), most were women (n = 74, 69%), and did not have a university degree (n = 74, 69%). A majority of the cardiac arrests took place out of hospital (n = 59, 81%). One third of the family members were present during the resuscitation (n = 35, 32%). A minority was offered professional support from the healthcare service (n = 93, 86%) and few sought healthcare for problems in relation to the loss (n = 19, 18%) and/or received professional support from a psychologist or equivalent (n = 16, 15%). In total, 18% (n = 19) reported symptoms of prolonged grief and the prevalence was even higher among spouses (n = 10, 29%). In the univariate regression models, being a spouse of the deceased (B = 6.34, p = 0.004, R2 = 0.08), sought healthcare related to the loss (B = 10.51, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.15), offered support from the healthcare related to the loss (B = 6.28, p = 0.030, R2 = 0.05), received professional support for the loss (B = 7.30, p = 0.011, R2 = 0.06), and lower levels of perceived social support (B=-0.28, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.16) were significantly associated with higher levels of symptoms of prolonged grief. All these variables, except offered support from the healthcare, were still significant in the multiple regression model and explained 35% of the total variance in PG-13 (F(4, 96)=12.96, p < 0.001). Age, sex, education, and presence during resuscitation were not significantly associated with symptoms of prolonged grief in any of the regression models. Conclusion Prolonged grief is a significant problem in bereaved family members of persons who died from sudden cardiac arrest, particularly in spouses, those in need of professional support from the healthcare, and those with low social support. Bereavement support should be offered to reduce the risk to developing prolonged grief after unsuccessful resuscitation and sudden death from cardiac arrest.

Towards an Indian Ocean and Maritime Asia Slave Trade Database: An Exploration of Concepts, Lessons and Models

While over the last three decades the Transatlantic Slave Trade Database (TASTD) has mobilized an astounding scholarly energy, the history of the slave trade in Asia has so far remained underdeveloped. Although numerous scholarly articles have indicated the widespread presence of slavery and the slave trade throughout maritime Asia from the early modern period well into the 19th century, estimates for the slave trade in the Indian Ocean are still tentative, and tend to focus especially on the (western) Indian Ocean region. Since 2015 an international group of researchers has come together to work towards consolidating research on the slave trade in Asia and East Africa. This article discusses a core activity of this group, namely the development of the Indian Ocean and Maritime Asia Slave Trade Database (ESTA) which is hosted at the International Institute of Social History in close collaboration with the Bonn Center for Dependency and Slavery Studies, Linnaeus University and ENS Lyon. We explore and evaluate the applicability of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database to the Asian context. We subsequently identify the specificities of the Indian Ocean and Indonesian Archipelago sources and patterns of slave trading, and their implications for possible datamodel designs. The article further underlines the importance of the ESTA database for comparative research reaching across colonial powers, local and global systems of slavery, across wider-ranging and more strongly defined ‘regions’ within the Indian Ocean Maritime Asia world, and even beyond to the transatlantic slave trade. A vital aim in the construction of a comprehensive Indian Ocean and Indonesian Archipelago database is the recording and reconstruction of the slave trade, especially in light of the entanglements of global long-distance slave trading with local systems of slavery and forced labour. The article identifies several challenges in the exploration of the historical and historiographic contexts and proposes and evaluates two database models, concluding with the advances made and the challenges ahead.

Editorial

Editorial

Гендерные отношения в медиаотрасли России, Армении и Молдовы: занятость, перспективы карьерного роста и влияние на контент

Феминизация занятости в медиасфере произошла относительно недавно, и теперь в этой отрасли работают преимущественно женщины. Исследование, результаты которого представлены в статье, было задумано и реализовано как сравнительное и проводилось по единой методике в России, Армении и Молдове, что позволило выявить и проанализировать общее и особенное как в развитии массмедиа этих стран, так и в положении занятых в отрасли женщин и мужчин. В качестве методов исследования использовались (1) массовый анкетный опрос работников медиаотрасли, занимающих руководящие и творческие должности (N = 625), (2) глубинные структурированные интервью с экспертами (N = 11), имеющими опыт работы в СМИ в качестве профессиональных журналистов, главных редакторов, руководителей журналистских ассоциаций, собственников и учредителей интернет-изданий, (3) анализ документов — информации, представленной в «Атласе муниципальной прессы Российской Федерации», на интернет-сайтах СМИ и данных исследований, проведенных по аналогичной тематике другими авторами. Исследование позволило подтвердить наличие феминизации массмедиа и выявить обусловившие его факторы, а также обнаружить ряд проблем, касающихся гендерного неравенства в оплате труда, оформлении трудоустройства, возможности занимать руководящие должности, выбирать тематику публикаций и др. Несмотря на наличие дискриминационных практик в отношении женщин, на вопрос о существовании гендерной дискриминации в медиаиндустрии большинство опрошенных работников СМИ ответили отрицательно. В определенной мере это объясняется тем, что достаточно большое число журналистов воспринимают гендерную сегрегацию скорее как норму, нежели как нарушение социальных и трудовых прав. Благодарность. Статья подготовлена по результатам научных исследований, проведенных в 2016—2020 гг. при поддержке Fojo Media Institute of Linnaeus University (Швеция), а также «АНРИ-Медиа» (Россия). Авторы выражают глубокую признательность за помощь и поддержку в реализации исследований.

Retraction: Channel Estimation of MIMO-OFDM through Wavelet Transform to Improve the Spectral Efficiency and Data Transmission Rate (IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 925 012004)

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing following an allegation that this article may contain verbatim overlap with other published work [1]. IOP Publishing has investigated in line with the COPE guidelines and have found the article contains similarities to numerous sources [2-6] and agree this article should be retracted. IOP Publishing wishes to credit PubPeer commenters [7] for bringing the issue to our attention. The authors have neither confirmed whether they agree or disagree to this retraction. [1] UKEssays. (November 2018). Introduction to MATLAB. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/engineering/introduction-matlab-4297.php?vref=1 [2] S S Shakil, S M Jamatali, A Z Khurshid, and S MD Shanawaz, 2016, Implementation of MIMO-OFDM to reduce bit error rate, 2016, BEng dissertation, Mumbai University [3] M A Gulzar, R Nawaz, D Thapa, 2011, Implementation of MIMO-OFDM system for WiMAX, MEng dissertation. Linnaeus University [4]. IMB, 1994, RPG/ 400 User’s Guide. http://astradyne.net/manuals/im020305.pdf [online] [5] S Trivedi, M S Raeen, S S Pawar, 2012, BER Analysis of MIMO-OFDM System using BPSK Modulation Scheme, International Journal of Advanced Computer Research, 2 3 [6] S Babu, K.V Sambasiva Rao, 2011, Evaluation of BER for AWGN, Rayleigh and Rician Fading Channels under various modulation schemes. International Journal of Computer Application. 26 9 [7] https://pubpeer.com/publications/12E46C35E4CD1A19C40FB0DA2F392B Retraction published: 26 October 2022

Erasmus Exchange Program – A Matter of (Relatively) Older Students

Abstract This study contributes to the literature on long-term effects of relative age (i.e. age differences between classmates in compulsory school) by examining tertiary education outcomes. We investigate whether there is evidence of relative age effects on university students enrolled in the Erasmus exchange program. We use administrative data on all exchange students who visited the Linnaeus University, in Sweden, in the four years since its founding. We find long-term evidence of RAEs—the youngest cohort students participate less often to the Erasmus exchange program than older cohort members.

When Average Joe met the Inexperienced Superstar\u2014a case study of the consequences for a university of a partnership with IKEA

The aim of this study was to explore how consequences from a university-wide partnership unfolded at various levels within a university and induced intra-organizational dynamics. This was achieved via an in-depth investigation of “The Bridge,” a collaborative partnership between the young mid-range Swedish Linnaeus University (“Average Joe”) and the home furnishing retail giant IKEA, which despite its global reach has only limited research capacity (the “Inexperienced Superstar”). Based on previous research that conceptualizes consequences of collaborations as changes in wide-ranging resource categories over time, this article develops a conceptual framework that advances the understanding of the consequences of collaborative efforts at both the level of faculty individuals and groups, as well as on a university-wide level. The study identified both differences and similarities between the two levels related to material, knowledge, and social resource mobilization, and revealed consequent tensions within the university due to an imbalance in material resource mobilization and social resource mobilization. The resource-based multi-level perspective that this study puts forward enables a more fine-grained and dynamic understanding of the conditions for undertaking and organizing university-wide long-term collaborative efforts.