Lining Endometrium Research Articles

A RARE CASE OF SECONDARY AMENORROHEA WITH SWEYERS SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT

Sweyers syndrome or pure gonadal dysgenesis is characterised by primary amenorrhea , presence of female phenotype, female external genitalia and female internal genitalia with hypoplastic uterus and streak gonads. A 16 year old girl presented with secondary amenorrhoea, she attained menarche at 11 years and was followed by 4 months of regular cycles thereafter developed two years of amenorrhea. On examination she is phenotypically female with no secondary sexual characteristics, external genitalia is female. Laboratory investigations showed a high level of serum follicle stimulating hormone, Luteinising hormone which were consistent with hyper gonadotropic hypogonadism, pelvic ultrasound showed a hypo plastic uterus and hypo plastic ovaries, chromosomal analysis revealed XY Karyotype. Further she underwent alaparoscopic prophylactic gonadectomy and the histopathology confirmed hypo plastic ovaries. In conclusion we emphasise that Sweyers syndrome can present with secondary amenorrhoea with a functioning uterus with lining endometrium. The importance of timely diagnosis and gonadectomy forseeing a gonadoblastoma cannot be over emphasised.

Endometrial receptivity in cattle: the mutual reprogramming paradigm.

Prior to implantation in cattle, the mucous medium contained in the uterine lumen serves as a working interface for molecular exchange and signaling between the lining endometrium and the embryo. The composition of this luminal fluid changes temporally according to the secretory and reabsorptive activities of the uterus and the embryo, which are under complex regulation. Via this interface, both the embryo and the endometrium reprogram each other's functions to support pregnancy continuation beyond the pre-implantation period. More specifically, the embryo receives elongation signals and the uterus receives anti-luteolytic stimuli. Here, characteristics of the luminal compartment as well as the regulation of its composition to determine the pregnancy outcome will be discussed.

Ectopic Endometrial Tissue in Mesonephric Duct Remnants in Bitches

Common congenital embryonic remnants of the canine female genital tract are Gartner cysts originating from mesonephric duct remnants. They can increase in size and lead to adverse effects in fertility and health. In the present study, three cases of mesonephric remnants in bitches were analysed. The mesonephric remnants featured an inner lining endometrium comprising surface epithelium, glands and stroma. This ectopic endometrium was further characterized by immunohistochemistry (oestrogen and progesterone receptors, proliferation activity, cytokeratin, alpha smooth muscle actin, and vimentin) and lectin histochemistry compared with normal uterine endometrium. Furthermore, hypertrophic cells at the serosal site of the uteri were detected and analysed in the same way compared with normal serosa. The ectopic endometrium of case no. 2 mesonephric remnant was comparable with normal endometrium whereas in nos 1 and 3 uteri the ectopic endometrium was reduced in thickness. In all mesonephric remnants, surface and glandular epithelial cells of the ectopic endometrium gave positive immunoreactions for cytokeratin, oestrogen and progesterone receptors and showed lectin-binding patterns comparable with normal endometrium. Some of the stromal cells of the ectopic endometria were smooth muscle actin and vimentin positive. Mitotic activity of the ectopic endometria was comparable with normal endometria. Hypertrophic epithelial cells of the serosal side showed positive reactions to anti-oestrogen receptor and anti-cytokeratin immunohistochemistry as well as lectin binding patterns and mitotic activity comparable with the normal canine serosa. The present study is the first considerable immunohistochemical characterization of canine mesonephric remnants and discusses the appearance of ectopic endometrium in mesonephric remnants.