Linguistic Gender Research Articles

Representation of Gender Dominants in the Russian Language. Diachronic Aspect

The article speaks about gender dominants in the Russian language. In Russian linguistics the problem of studying gender becomes especially relevant in the beginning of the 21st century, although the studies of peculiarities and differences in the speech of men and women were conducted throughout the 20th century. Gender studies make it possible to analyze language taking into account the multifactorial influence of gender, with the binary opposition «male / female», «masculine / feminine» largely representing the value orientations of any ethnos. In modern society, linguistic gender dominants are associated with the activation of the feminist movement around the world, as well as with the spread of variously interpreted liberal views. In general, femininity and masculinity as part of modern linguoculture are related to the essential characteristic of an individual and are determined by the qualities considered «feminine» or «masculine» in Russian ethnoculture. That is why the phraseosemantic group of feminine and masculine lexicon is actively replenished in the modern Russian language. However, in general, it should be stated that in Russian linguoculture, first of all, the gender dominants, preserved since ancient times, which are based on the binary opposition of mother / father, man / woman.

An ERP-based comparison of gender representations elicited by generic masculine role nouns and the German gender star form

There is an ongoing debate about the linguistic gender forms that should be used to elicit fair mental representations of all genders. While most languages with grammatical gender traditionally use the masculine form to refer to people in a gender-independent way, numerous empirical studies have demonstrated that this form leads to a male bias in mental representations. In German, the so-called gender star form has been proposed as an alternative to the masculine form, aimed at better representing persons with nonmale gender identities. To provide empirical data on this claim, we compared the neural processing mechanisms elicited by the gender star form with those elicited by the generically intended masculine form during reference resolution. Participants in the present ERP study read sentence pairs in which a group of people was introduced with a role noun in one of the two gender forms and then revealed to be partly comprised of men or women. Following the masculine form, anaphoric references to women (vs. men) resulted in an increased ERP amplitude in the P600 range. In contrast, following the gender star form, the P600 amplitude was increased for references to men (vs. women), albeit in a slightly different spatio-temporal range. The present data thus indicate that the gender star form and the generically intended masculine form impose partially different demands on the syntactic operations performed by the brain during reference resolution but that, in the end, neither form elicits gender-balanced mental representations of men and women in German.

Gender-based linguistic differences in letters of recommendation for rhinology fellowship over time: A dual-institutional follow-up study using natural language processing and deep learning.

This follow-up dual-institutional and longitudinal study further evaluated for underlying gender biases in LORs for rhinology fellowship. Explicit and implicit linguistic gender bias was found, heavily favoring male applicants.

Linguistic Representation of Gender Stereotypes in Spanish

The purpose of this study was to analyse gendered speech standards and patterns in Spanish, considering lexical and grammatical features. The following methods were used in the study: deductive, content analysis, and structural. Furthermore, the lexical materials of researchers who have addressed the issue of gender stereotypes in speech were considered. The results of the study showed that in Spanish, gender stereotypes can transmit and reinforce inequalities between men and women through the use of certain words, phrases, word combinations, and constructions. This is due to the way language is used and understood in society. Linguistic gender stereotypes in Spanish develop in the grammatical, lexical, and semantic fields, considering speech customs that can both strengthen and weaken the role of the individual. The content analysis revealed that gender-neutral templates are beginning to be actively used in the modern Spanish environment, leading to the inclusiveness of the language. With the global development of attitudes towards gender roles, speech stereotypes are changing, most notably in statements, addresses and forms of politeness. However, to effectively overcome linguistic inequality in speech, it is necessary to comprehensively implement the ideology of inclusiveness and gender culture in the fields of education, society, and government, using practical mechanisms that consider race, class, culture, and the role of each person in society.

Exploring Online Communication in Self-Identified Autistic Adolescents.

Social media sites provide autistic youth a familiar space to interact that is devoid of many of the challenges that accompany face-to-face interactions. As such, it is important to determine whether the linguistic profiles observed during online interactions are consistent with face-to-face interactions. This preliminary study took a step in this direction by examining gender differences observed in autistic adolescents in an online forum to determine whether they are consistent with the emerging body of research investigating linguistic gender differences in autistic adolescents. We analyzed the entries of self-identified autistic adolescents in an online forum to determine whether autistic girls (n = 99) and boys (n = 94) differ in their use of linguistic features as a proportion of total words produced. Transcriptions were coded across discourse, lexical, and semantic features and compared to previous research investigating linguistic gender differences in autistic people. Exploratory comparisons were also made to linguistic gender differences in neurotypical people. Of the linguistic features we examined, three out of four of the gendered usage patterns observed in the online forum language samples were consistent with previous research on face-to-face communication for autistic adolescents. Only one feature out of 12 occurred in the same gender distribution as previous research on neurotypical communication. Autistic girls and boys demonstrate largely consistent gender differences in their language use across in-person and online communication contexts. Interestingly, most of the significant gender differences previously reported in neurotypical communicators were not seen in this sample of autistic adolescents, suggesting that perhaps autistic individuals may linguistically express gender characteristics to a different extent or in a different manner than neurotypical individuals.

Exploration, detection, and mitigation: Unveiling gender bias in NLP

Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems have a mundane impact, yet they harbour either obvious or potential gender bias. The automation of decision-making in NLP models even exacerbates unfair treatment. In recent years, researchers have started to notice this issue and have made some approaches to detect and mitigate these biases, yet no consensus on the approaches exists. This paper discusses the interdisciplinary field of linguistics and computer sciences by presenting the most common gender bias categories and breaking them down with ethical and artificial intelligence approaches. Specific methods for detecting and minimizing bias are shown around biases present in raw data, annotator, model, and the linguistic gender system. In this paper, an overview of the hotspots and future perspectives of this research topic is presented. Limitations of some detection methods are pinpointed, providing novel insights into future research.

The problem of studying gender in linguistics

The problem of studying gender in linguistics

A Study of Linguistic Gender Differences in English-Chinese Translation—A Case Study of The Chinese Version of The Little Prince by Lin Zhenni and Li Jihong

A Study of Linguistic Gender Differences in English-Chinese Translation—A Case Study of The Chinese Version of The Little Prince by Lin Zhenni and Li Jihong

Exploring the Relationship Between Linguistics Gender and Social Gender

The diversity of social gender has been growing recently, and gender is the hot social issue that has the public concerned. Language is a communication tool people use every day, and meanwhile, which also subtly influences a persons mind. This paper discusses social gender issues from a linguistic point of view, trying to figure out if there are any relations between them. People use language to express their thoughts about social and gender issues, so it is important to explore the relationship. To explore the relationship, this paper discusses gender bias in language, the possible reason for this phenomenon, and the effect of linguistic gender binary on non-binary gender. There are lots of papers which discuss these related issues that have greatly inspired and provided strong help to the author. There are some findings from the study: 1) Gender bias is more serious in grammatical gender languages; 2) Linguistic gender subtly influences peoples minds by shaping their hobbits and making their cognitive world in a more gender-related way. 3) The linguistic gender binary causes problems for transgender people. It has been discovered that linguistic gender has an adverse effect on social gender equality. This paper may help improve the gender equality situation in society and transgender people's self-expression problems. This paper also provides a way to think about grammatical gender in languages.

Gender bias in postgraduate year one pharmacy letters of recommendation

AbstractIntroductionLetters of recommendation (LORs) are important in pharmacy residency applications. Applicant gender, among other variables, may result in implicit biases that could impact LORs and/or residency attainment. This study hypothesized that LORs have linguistic gender differences in pharmacy residency applications.ObjectivesThe primary objective was to determine if gender‐linguistic differences exist in applicants' LORs. Gender was assessed via the pronouns utilized within the applications. The secondary outcome was to assess LOR linguistic and demographic differences between candidates who did and did not receive interviews.MethodsThis was a multiyear, multicenter study involving postgraduate year one (PGY1) applicants to participating pharmacy residency programs. Demographic data were extracted using the PhORCAS (Pharmacy Online Residency Centralized Application Service) WebADMIT (Admissions Management System) portal, and LORs were analyzed by validated linguistics processing software.ResultsA total of 7529 LORs and 2383 applicants (28.5% men, 71.5% women) were included. Women candidates had higher mean number of awards (4.71 vs. 4.1, p = 0.001) and leadership positions (4.87 vs. 4.48, p = 0.019). Compared with men candidates, women had statistically significantly higher levels of clout (p < 0.001), positive emotion (p = 0.01), social processes (p < 0.001), prosocial behavior (p = 0.002), and social referents (p < 0.001). Women also had lower authenticity compared with men candidates (p < 0.001). Two thousand and one hundred twenty applicants included in the secondary analysis found no difference in offer to interview between women and men candidates (odds ratio [OR] 1.173 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.895–1.57], p = 0.247).ConclusionsMen and women applicants' LORS differed in specific linguistic variables, although offer to interview was not significantly different based on gender. LOR writers and programs should consider implicit biases that could affect residency offers to interview.

ГЕНДЕРНАЯ НЕЙТРАЛЬНОСТЬ В РУССКОЯЗЫЧНОМ НАУЧНОМ ДИСКУРСЕ

This article is supposed to prove an assumption that scientific and technical texts in academic discourse are void of gender specificities which get neutralized. The scientific novelty of the study is in survey and description of discursive gender means in scientific and technical articles, identification of gender-neutral language means equally used by both men and women in scientific texts. The proposed study reflects the linguistic features of achieving gender neutrality in scientific texts written by men or women. The study is aimed at more careful thought of gender neutrality and gender markedness of discourse. The data for study is the texts of articles presented in the journal of “ Current Issues of Oil and Gas”( The I.M. Gubkin Institute of Oil and Gas Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences) schedulized in the List of peer-reviewed scientific publications of the Higher Attestation Commission of Russia. The journals publish the scientific achievements in the oil and gas industry. The read out included texts from 2009 till 2022. In total, 60 texts of scientific and technical articles written both by men and women have been analyzed. A comparative method is used to draw an analogy between similar phenomena presented by authors of different genders; a componential analysis ; discourse-analytic approaches for pointing out sustained discursive formulae in scientific discourse. The article presents institutional features of the scientific discourse, articulates the concepts of gender markedness and gender neutrality. The characteristic linguistic properties of the gender neutrality in the scientific discourse are revealed. The discursive and lexico-grammatical analyses of the scientific and technical texts written both by men and women extracted a trend to neutralization of gender in scientific discourse. Gender markedness of the discourse is specified through either implicit or explicit linguistic gender properties. The gender neutrality of the scientific discourse is meant the usage of discursive formulas and lexical units which do not indicate the communicators’ gender parameters. The survey of scientific articles published in technical journals demonstrated zero gender differences in scientific discourse between male and female authors’ texts. Thus, according to research carried out Russian scientific discourse is specified by a consistent trend in gender neutralization which is proved by a lack of gender marked discursive and linguistic means pointing at gender properties of the authors. A scientific article as a genre of scientific discourse contains specific evaluative vocabulary used by both men and women. Although scientific functional style is void of expressive means the research points out a tendency to use colloquial expressions, idiomatic units and also descriptive-representational devices such as metaphors and adjectives in superlative degree. Directions for future research are seen in the development of a universal for different discourses gender model.

GENDER ASYMMETRY IN MODERN MASS MEDIA ENGLISH

The article explores the functioning of feminitives-neologismsin modern English. Feminitives are quite actively studied by modern linguists. Word formation studies the formation of feminitives, gender linguistics studies their use. The focus of linguistic gender studies is the study of the category of gender using linguistic tools, the representation of the category of gender in the language, the presence of gender asymmetry (this phenomenon is also called androcentrism of the language), etc. Feminitives are a struggle against the androcentrism of the language, in which the male norm is presented as universal. In the article, gender is considered as a stratification category, as one of the parameters by which the social identity of the speaker is constructed in communication. The English language tends to be politically correct and use gender-neutral words. The prevailing ideology and moral norms have led to the fact that they have become the basis for the formation of the language policy of states. Gender is a product of the development of culture and society. Of great interest is the study of gender in professional communication, attention is paid to the ways of nominating persons of different sexes. So, the purpose of the study is to conduct a gender analysis of the ongoing changes in the modern world.

Badiiy matnda lisoniy shaxsni belgilashning gender omili

The new field of lingopersonology linguistically explores each per-son. Manifestation of the linguistic personality in the literary text is caused by several factors. In this article, the concept of gender in linguistics, the views of the female and male linguistic personality are studied, also the issue of the role of gender factors in determining the linguistic personal-ity is highlighted in the literary. Peculiarities in the formation of the lin-guistic personality are analyzed in the literary text. The embodiment of a linguistic personality in a literary, it is important for the writer to be the owner of the language, and for the hero of the opposite sex, it is import-ant to understand the world, express it through language, understand the unique aspects of reflecting the value attitude. The article discusses the role of lexical and syntactic units for the formation of a female linguistic personality in the stories of Zulfiya the daughter of Kurolboy.

The definitional dilemma of gender in language

Current theories of linguistic gender define any language with a requisite system of nominal classification as having gender, in turn defining languages that manifest gendered distinctions in other ways as genderless. These definitionsfail to capture the many ways that binary gender can be encoded in the grammar and lexicon crosslinguistically.Drawing from data on twelve typologically distinct languages, I argue that a reimagined theory of gender in language which centers the concept of social gender must be constructed in order to empirically situate the concept of gender-inclusivelanguage. Data on the realization of gender-inclusivity in different languages is essential in this task, as it identifies the features of language that speakers determine to mark gender and signals the capacity of a gendered language to change.

Trans(de)letion

AbstractThe increased visibility of the non-binary community is reflected in the media, with trans and non-binary characters becoming more common in film and series. This provides a great opportunity to raise global awareness of non-binary people, but the exporting of this media usually comes with translations done by people who do not specialize in queer, trans, or non-binary sociolects. This paper gives an overview of different linguistic gender strategies in present-day Spanish, and uses two examples of popular Netflix series with trans or non-binary characters as Spanish translation case studies to illustrate the different linguistic challenges and approaches to representing non-binary identities in Spanish.

Gender norms and styling in Japanese conversation: A multilevel analysis

AbstractThe observation that gender differences in Japanese language use are becoming less prevalent as women increasingly use ‘men's language’ appears in popular media from time to time. Some empirical studies support this view. However, such observations are usually based on the consideration of only one or two linguistic features, especially sentence‐final forms and personal pronouns. In contrast, this study analyzes the use of multiple linguistic and paralinguistic features related to gender, regarding them as resources for styling identity. According to our analysis of eight same‐gender and mixed‐gender dyadic conversations of college students, these speakers’ use of features other than sentence‐final forms, which we found to vary little by gender, is normatively gendered to a large extent. The study thus demonstrates that the analysis of multiple and multilevel variables enables us to better understand the complex process of styling through the speaker's negotiation of linguistic gender norms in actual practice.

ТЕОРЕТИКО-ІСТОРИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ ПОНЯТТЯ «ГЕНДЕР» В ЛІНГВІСТИЦІ

The research is dedicated to the study of the concept of “gender” in linguistics. The concept of “gender” includes a set of social and cultural norms that have been transformed in the process of evolution from biological to socio-psychological category. Subsequently, the gender of a person from a biological characteristic was transformed into a socio-psychological characteristic, which is considered as a socio-cultural, discursive and psycholinguistic phenomenon. Currently, a new branch of linguistics, linguistic gender studies or gender linguistics, is studying the differences between the sexes. Gender self-identification is part of the cognitive resources of both the individual and society. Accordingly, gender can be seen as a dimension, as a parameter of research in many sciences. In addition, the recognition of the theory of distinction allows a more reasonable statement of the principle of interdisciplinarity in gender studies. This approach is typical both at the level of research of specific problems and at the level of substantiation of gender asymmetry in general. The concept of gender is included in the linguistic description in order to emphasize the social aspects of gender and related cultural traditions and stereotypes that are fixed by language and in the most direct way affect behavior and self-identification, the study of this phenomenon certainly deserves close attention linguopragmatics, theories of communication and language influence, sociolinguistics and a number of other linguistic sciences. As the results of research in the field of gender have shown, the special literature pays great attention not only to specific facts, but also to terminology in this area of knowledge.

Linguistic Gender Forms and Deontic Modality in Islamic Legal Translation: A Corpus-Based Study

Linguistic Gender Forms and Deontic Modality in Islamic Legal Translation: A Corpus-Based Study

Linguistic gender congruity differentially correlates with film and novel ratings by critics and audiences.

The film and publishing industries are fraught with gender disparities, with men overpowering nearly every sector of these domains. For instance, men are not only paid more than women in the film industry, but they also outnumber women in positions such as director, screenwriter, and lead acting roles. Similarly, women often resort to assuming gender-neutral or male pseudonyms to increase their prospects in the publishing industry. This widespread gender inequality in the film and publishing industries raises the question of how writers’ gender relates to gendered language and narrative receptions. Two archival studies examined whether gender-linked language relates to film (N = 521) and novel (N = 150) ratings, and whether those associations differ as a function of writer gender or the expertise of the rater (professional critics and lay audience members). Results demonstrated that female screenwriters and novelists used a more feminine style of writing, whereas male screenwriters and novelists used a more masculine style of writing. Lay audiences gave more positive ratings to films and novels by writers who used a more gender-congruent writing style, in contrast with professional critics, who gave more positive reviews to films by writers who used a more gender-incongruent writing style. Our findings substantiate past research regarding the differing tastes of lay audiences and professional critics in addition to lending insight into subtle social dynamics that may sustain gender biases in the film and publishing industries.

What did the Rabbis know about grammar? Exegesis and grammatical gender in late antiquity

The first systematic analyses of Hebrew grammar were composed by Rabbanite and Karaite scholars of the tenth and eleventh centuries, partly by drawing on the conventions of Arabic linguistics. However, certain technical grammatical terms, including the expressions leshon zakhar (‘masculine’) and leshon neqevah (‘feminine’), can be found in Midrashic and Talmudic texts. This article considers the grammatical knowledge underlying the rabbinic expositions. Points of comparison are sought in late-antique grammatical treatises and non-rabbinic interpretive works, including Philo’s commentaries and scholia on the Iliad and Aeneid , with particular attention to perceived relationships between grammatical gender and cultural gender norms. By differentiating this understanding of linguistic gender from those articulated in the commentaries and grammars of medieval Jewish scholars of the Muslim world, the article argues that the rabbinic expositions were shaped by grammatical concepts that are well attested in late-ancient Graeco-Roman textual scholarship.