Linear Switched Reluctance Motor Research Articles

The Q-Fractionalism Reasoning Learning Method.

As the title suggests, in this work, a modern machine learning method called the Q-fractionalism reasoning is introduced. The proposed method is founded upon a synergy of the Q-learning and fractional fuzzy inference systems (FFISs). Unlike other approaches, the Q-fractionalism reasoning not only incorporates the knowledge base to understand how to perform but also explores a reasoning mechanism from the fractional order to justify what it has performed. This method suggests that the agent choose actions aimed at the characterization of reasoning. In fact, the agent deals with states termed as primary and secondary fuzzy states. The primary fuzzy states are unobservable and uncertain, for which the agent chooses actions. However, the projection of primary fuzzy states onto the knowledge base results in secondary fuzzy states, which are observable by the agent, allowing it to detect primary fuzzy states with degrees of detectability. With a practical experiment implemented on a linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM), the results demonstrate that the application of the Q-fractionalism reasoning in the real-time position control of the LSRM leads to a remarkable improvement of about 70% in the accuracy of the control objective compared with a typical fuzzy inference system (FIS) under the same setting.

Lumped parameter thermal model for segmental translator linear switched reluctance motor

AbstractThe segmental translator linear switched reluctance motor (STLSRM) is a special type of linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) that has more output power than its conventional type. Therefore, it can be a good choice for certain applications. Heat is one of the factors limiting the output in machines. Therefore, predicting the thermal distribution of machine is as important as the magnetic design. A comprehensive thermal model is presented based on the lumped parameter approach for STLSRM, which predicts temperature distribution in different parts of this motor, including slot winding, end‐winding, stator pole, stator yoke, and the moving part. Considering that the proposed thermal model depends on dimensions and materials used in machine, it can be used for other designs of the STLSRM. The presented thermal model is applied to a typical STLSRM and temperature is determined in its different parts. The simulation results are then compared with the results of 3‐D thermal modelling based on the finite element method (FEM) for validation.

Comparative analysis of various materials for linear switched reluctance motor applied in railways

Linear switched reluctance motors (LSRM) are a very important and one of the most researched motors for applications in railways due to its robust structure, superior efficiency, lower mass production cost and superior tolerance towards faults. The study of electromagnetic properties plays a pertinent role in the selection of materials for linear switched reluctance motor. In this work a Finite element method (FEM) based tool is used for visualizing the electromagnetic field (magnetic flux) within the LSRM. The ANSYS maxwell software is used for obtaining the magnetic flux density variation in various materials. Based on the electromagnetic analysis of different materials obtained using the ANSYS software, the selection of material suitable for design of motor for implementation in railways application is made. The electromagnetic analysis between the stator and the translator is investigated and based upon this the selection of material is made. The magnetic flux between the stator and rotor teeth are analyzed during both the instants of alignment and unalignment. Various materials namely Cobalt, Steel 1008 and Samarium Cobalt (SmCo4) are tested and analyzed using the FEM based ANSYS software.

Thrust Control of Linear Switched Reluctance Motor in Precision Applications

Thrust Control of Linear Switched Reluctance Motor in Precision Applications

System design, analysis, and experimental investigations of linear switched reluctance machines with double mover configuration

This paper proposes a new double mover configuration of a linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM). The proposed design is established for optimization of the motional forces and to ensure a high-grade electromechanical energy conversion process. The major drawback of the traditional linear machine is that its force densities within and throughout its area is produced in its radial direction of the yoke and does not contribute to its motion or twisting force of the rotor. If these normal forces happen to be in the direction of motion, a larger motional force profile for SRM is yielded. Based on these guidelines, a new LSRM is developed. In order to compare the energy conversion efficiency of LSRM with that of the conventional SRM, a finite element model is constructed. The proposed system is simulated using the FEM software and tested under four conditions. Further, an experimental prototype of the proposed machine is also developed and tested in the laboratory. The results obtained from the prototype indicate that the proposed geometry offers superior performance in terms of high-power density and higher percentage of the national forces.

Consensus control of semi‐Markov jump topology multiple direct‐drive motion system

AbstractRandom jump of network communication topology challenges the tracking accuracy of linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) system. This paper studies the pilot‐following consensus control of the multiple direct‐drive motion system (MDDMS) with semi‐Markov jump topology. The mathematical model of LSRM is constructed and the multi‐phase excitation strategy is studied. The directed graph is used to model the information transmission among the leaders and follower, and a new mechanism consensus based on previous states is provided. A consensus system based on semi‐Markov jump topology is constructed and the problem of consensus is shifted into a problem of stability analysis. A sufficient condition for consensus problem is obtained by using semi‐Markov switching system theory and graph theory. The MDDMS achieves consensus in the form of exponential convergence under the designed consensus controller. Several groups of simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed consensus control method.

Analysis of linear permanent magnet switched reluctance motors with modular and segmental movers

AbstractHere, the authors propose two new Permanent Magnet (PM) embedded linear switched reluctance motors; one is a modular linear hybrid reluctance motor (MLHRM), and the other one is a segmental linear hybrid reluctance motor (SLHRM). Both structures employ PMs between the side teeth of the modules/segments. The main contribution of the PMs is to increase the air‐gap flux density, which results in an enhanced thrust, and decrease the magnetic saturation in iron parts. The magnetic equivalent circuit model is used to demonstrate the positive effect of inserting PMs in the MLHRM and SLHRM compared to their PMless counterparts. The optimal pole number and design procedure are illustrated. The simulation results are obtained in terms of static thrust, flux linkage, flux density distributions, and steady‐state current and thrust. The results show that the proposed MLHRM and SLHRM offer a higher thrust and lower current compared to their PMless form. Also, the PMs decrease the root mean square (RMS) current under the steady‐state performance of the motors, in which a higher thrust is produced with a lower RMS current. Finally, the MLHRM and SLHRM are fabricated and the test results are obtained and compared with the simulations, which illustrate a satisfactory agreement.

Nonlinear Analytical Model of Linear Switched Reluctance Motor With Segmented Secondary Considering Iron Saturation and End Effect

Nonlinear Analytical Model of Linear Switched Reluctance Motor With Segmented Secondary Considering Iron Saturation and End Effect

Position Sensorless Control of Linear Switched Reluctance Motor Based on Mathematical Model of Magnetization Curves

Position Sensorless Control of Linear Switched Reluctance Motor Based on Mathematical Model of Magnetization Curves

Supply and demand balance control of electrical submersible linear motor for offshore oil exploitation

AbstractA supply and demand balance control method for an electrical submersible linear motor utilised in offshore oil exploitation is proposed in this study. The permanent magnet linear motor is replaced by an electrical submersible linear motor based on switched reluctance linear motor. The sensorless control method further enhances the stability of the oil exploitation system. Meanwhile, a supply and demand balance control method is proposed to maintain the fullness of the submersible plunger pump within an ideal range. An established speed function allows the speed of the electrical submersible linear motor to dynamically alter in response to the change in oil deliverability and increasing the system's production. Additionally, maintaining the fullness of the submersible plunger pump within the ideal range helps simplify the model and increase computation accuracy. Finally, the supply and demand balance control method is validated and compared with the intermittent oil exploitation control method by simulations and experiments. Results from the simulations and experiments indicate that the proposed method can increase the production of the offshore oil exploitation system in addition to causing the motor to follow changes in oil deliverability and adjust the speed.

An Improved Linear Switched Reluctance Motor for an Elevator Application

An Improved Linear Switched Reluctance Motor for an Elevator Application

Linear switched reluctance motor for traction propulsion system using configuration of electric locomotive

The linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) has emerged to be the most promising alternative due to the development of power controllers in the past years. In this paper, a novel configuration of LSRM with an active-stator-passive-translator is proposed for the traction propulsion system. It comprises a short active stator retrofitted with the transit mover, while a long stationary translator is considered as rail guidance of the system. In this paper, high grade M-19 cold-rolled non-oriented steel is utilized for manufacturing the stator and translator cores. The proposed configuration of electric locomotive makes use of force generated from linear switched reluctance motors to propel it on parallel rails and pushes the coaches attached to the wagon for carrying the functional load. Finally, the motor characterization is performed in ANSYS electromagnetic simulation tool, to determine the applied forces, coupling inductance, and strength of magnetic field of the proposed LSRM for the traction propulsion system. Thus, the experimental evaluation is carried out for various parameters to depict the sustainability and suitability of the LSRM for high-speed transition system.

Study of a Modular Toothed Linear Hybrid Reluctance Motor With Permanent Magnets in Translator Slots

This article introduces an innovative modular and split-tooth linear hybrid reluctance motor (MLHRM) with embedded permanent magnets (PMs) to achieve improved performance of linear switched reluctance motors (LSRMs). First, three new motor structures are introduced, including two, three, and four teeth per pole MLHRMs (MLHRM2, MLHRM3, and MLHRM4). Then, the operating principles of the proposed motors are studied through the flux path of windings and PMs, and the impact of the PMs on the MLHRM’s performance is investigated via a magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC). Third, using the extracted relations among the motors’ parameters, classic design equations of the SRM, and the genetic algorithm (GA), the proposed motors are optimized and compared through the finite-element analysis (FEA). The results indicate the superior performance of the MLHRM2 over MLHRM3 and MLHRM4. The static and dynamic performance of MLHRM2 is compared with the modular and split-tooth LSRM (MLSRM2) and the conventional modular LSRM (MLSRM1) in the fourth step. The simulation results show the superior performance of MLHRM2 over MLSRM2 and MLSRM1. Finally, the proposed MLHRM2 is prototyped, and the experimental results are obtained in both the presence and absence of the PMs. The experimental results verify the simulation results with an acceptable agreement.

Optimal design of linear switched reluctance motor for sea wave power generation

The switchless reluctance motor’s non-permanent magnet structure design ensures its high reliability in the marine environment; thus, it is a feasible solution for the generator of a sea wave power generation system. However, the corresponding thrust density and efficiency remain insufficient. This study focused on a new type of flat linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM), using the finite element software to establish a structural model, and optimized the design with the goal of improving the efficiency and energy density. The entropy method was adopted for sensitivity stratification to objectively select weights to avoid the influence of subjectively selected different proportional weights on the optimization results. Based on the entropy method, the sensitivity of different structural parameters was stratified, and the simulated annealing algorithm, response surface method, and single parameter scanning method were combined for optimization. Finally, the optimal structural size parameters of the motor were determined. Based on the two-dimensional finite element method, to simulate the electromagnetic performance of the reluctance motor under different operating conditions, such as thrust, loss, and efficiency, changes in motor performance before and after optimization were compared to verify the high power generation efficiency and energy density of the optimized linear motor.

A Novel Method to Suppress the Force Ripple of a Switched Reluctance Linear Motor

A novel method to suppress the force ripple of switched reluctance linear motors (SRLMs) based on predictive-fuzzy control is proposed in this article. Generally, the force ripple mainly occurs in the commutation area, resulting from the dropping force of the outgoing phase that cannot match the rising force of the incoming phase. The force distribution function (FDF) is a suitable method for controlling the forces of the outgoing phase and incoming forces during the commutation area. However, the controller calculation takes time and the motor shows inductive behavior, so the control signal, which is the reference current in FDF, always lags the reference force, which weakens the effect of the FDF control. Considering this problem, a method of predictive-fuzzy control is proposed in this article. The current can be controlled in advance by predicting the force, which reduces the appearance of the negative electromagnetic force, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of the motor, and the mutual inductance is also considered in the predictive model. Additionally, a fuzzy controller is employed, and adaptive parameters of the control system are adopted. To validate the proposed control system, experimental verification is performed on a 500 W 6/4 double-sided SRLM, showing that the proposed method has a better force ripple suppression performance than the FDF control.

Review of Linear Switched Reluctance Motor Designs for Linear Propulsion Applications

Linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) and its applications in different industries have been an interesting research topic for the past few years. LSRMs have proved to be a suitable alternative in a variety of applications requiring linear motion. However, its use is not that popular which instigated an active interest in the evolution of newer LSRM configurations. Enhancement in its propulsion force along with the reduction in force ripples, weight, acoustic noise, and vibration have been the main objectives in recently proposed LSRM designs. In this paper, recently proposed LSRM designs are reviewed and analyzed. The paper presents a one-stop introduction and a complete update to the designs, both in terms of qualitative and quantitative parameters. In addition, it takes into account the challenges in the implementation of these designs. Based on a detailed comparison of these designs as presented in this paper, an appropriate design can be chosen for a given application.

Design and Sensitive Analysis of Incremental Linear Actuator

Abstract:This paper presents a novel single-sided linear actuator design and sensitivity analysis of different geometric parameters on the performances of the actuator. A numerical model based on the finite element method is developed for that purpose. Thus, the electromagnetic behavior of the actuator is analyzed with 2D magneto-static analysis, and the electromagnetic characteristics were presented with the study of the effect of different geometric parameters on the thrust force. Indeed, the magnetic flux distribution and the force profile are presented and discussed. The analysis of different parameters on the actuator's performance allows the selection of the appropriate values of these parameters to obtain optimal performance of the actuator. The analysis shows the air gap and stack length has a powerful influence on the actuator's performance. Furthermore, the increase of supply current has a significant effect, but a high level of Ampere turns to bring the magnetic circuit to the saturation zone. It is important to determine the optimal geometrical dimensions to reduce the mass of the motor. It is critical to choose the optimum power values for the actuator to obtain optimum performance and avoid exceeding operating limits.Background:The linear switched reluctance motor is used in many industrial applications such as the linear motion of machine tools, sliding door applications, and conveyors.Objective:A new design approach for a linear switched reluctance motor is developed in order to determine the geometric parameters of the structure.Methods:Finite element method is used to predict the characteristics of the motor and the analysis its performances.Results:The simulation results obtained by finite element analysis make it possible to study the electromagnetic behavior of the motor and to validate the established geometric model.Conclusion:The study was carried out to choose the optimal parameters in order to obtain optimal performance and avoid exceeding the operating limits of the motor.

A Multilayer Perception Trained Method in Speed Control of a Linear Switched Reluctance Motor

Switched reluctance motors are nonlinear systems with some uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics. Propulsion force and speed in these motors have inherently high fluctuations complicating their applications. The conventional controllers could not offer a precise performance for nonlinear systems because they require analytical calculations of the partial derivatives. Accordingly, in this article, a multilayer perception is presented to overcome this problem and control a linear motor. Training algorithms require a complete dataset of the system output, which complicates their implementation. To solve this problem, a Kalman filter is used to estimate uncertain parameters. Thus, the proposed control system does not require a complete dataset of the system. It can process data and predict the next values in a short time without complete observations. The proposed control strategy is implemented to a linear switched reluctance motor and the results are compared with two other conventional methods via simulation and experimental tests. The results confirm the ability and accuracy of the proposed method.

Design and Control of a Transverse Flux Linear Switched Reluctance Machine for Rail Transit Application

The design, optimization and control methods of a transverse flux Linear Switched Reluctance Motor (LSRM) for the rail transit application are introduced. Two structures of LSRMs, EI type and EE type, are compared and analyzed. The structure of EE type machine is optimized from the perspective of average electromagnetic thrust per unit mass through finite element calculations. The initial sizes of the motor are calculated according to the design theory of the rotary SRM. After obtaining the initial sizes, the sensitivities of the LSRM sizes are analyzed by the three-dimensional finite element calculation, and then the sizes such as the slot depth, the slot width and the tooth width of the motor are optimized. The hardware test platform is built, the electromagnetic characteristics of the prototype are tested, and the motor characteristics of the LSRM with different secondary materials are compared. The control method of the LSRM with position sensors is proposed, and then the sensorless control of the motor is also realized based on the pulse injection strategy. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the design and control strategies.

Networked control strategy of dual linear switched reluctance motors based time delay tracking system

To reduce the influence of time delay on the tracking performance of a direct-drive motion control system, this paper concentrates on stability analysis and cooperative position tracking control issues for the dual linear switched reluctance motors (LSRMs) system with network-induced time delays. The closed-loop network control system (NCS) is constructed by modeling random and bounded network-induced time delays existing in forward and feedback channels as a discrete-time Markov chain. Incremental time delay information is introduced in Lyapunov functional analysis to satisfy the high-precision movement of master and secondary motors and improve the system control performance. The time delay compensation method is proposed to compensate for the damage to the networked control system caused by random delay. With Lyapunov stability theory and LMI are applied, stability and stabilization conditions with less computational complexity and low conservatism are obtained based on incremental time delay information insertion. Finally, the numerical simulation and the experimental platform of the motor control system are built. Simulation and experiment results demonstrate that the networked control strategy can compensate the negative impact of delay on the tracking performance of LSRMs based motion control system.