Linear Strip Research Articles

A Novel Position-Sensitive Linear Winding Silicon Drift Detector.

A novel position-sensitive linear winding silicon drift detector (LWSDD) was designed and simulated. On the frontside (anode side), the collecting anodes were set on both sides of the detector, and an S-shaped linear winding cathode strip was arranged in the middle, which can realize independent voltage division and reduce the complexity of external bias resistor chain compared with the traditional linear silicon drift detector. The detectors were arranged in a butterfly shape, which increased the effective area of the detectors and improved the collection efficiency. The linear winding silicon drift detector can obtain one-dimensional position information by measuring the drift time of electrons. The 2D position information of the incident particle is obtained from the anodes coordinates of the readout signal. One-dimensional analytically exact solutions of electric potential and field were obtained for the first time for the linear winding silicon drift detector. The simulation results show that the electric potential distribution inside the detector is uniform, and the "drift channel" inside the detector points to the collecting anodes on both sides, which proves the reasonable and feasible design of the linear winding silicon drift detector.

Modelling the material removal obtained using a pneumatically configurable polishing tool subjected to a reciprocating linear feed

A nanofinishing technique - Pneumatically Configurable Polishing (PCP) process can be used for producing surface roughness of the order of a few nanometers on surfaces. It is a deterministic polishing process which employs pneumatic pressure for precise control of finishing forces across the polishing spot. The material removal rate is an important characteristic for determining the final surface generated after polishing. The material removal mechanism of PCP process typically exhibits multidisciplinary complexity due to simultaneous contribution of various process parameters. A mathematical model has been proposed in this study to achieve an in-depth understanding of the process physics. The model is developed using the fundamental tenets of contact behaviour between the tool and workpiece, and study of the microscopic material removal caused by a single abrasive particle. The polishing tool undergoes a reciprocating linear feed to polish a linear strip of the work surface. Various process parameters such as feed rate, tool rotational speed, working gap, mean diameter of abrasive particles, slurry concentration etc have been incorporated in the model as per the physics of the process. In order to validate the model, finishing experiments and MATLAB simulations have been conducted under similar polishing conditions to estimate the prediction error. The material depth removal rate in the PC polishing of die steel was found to range between 39 nm/min and 257 nm/min. The error between the experimental and predicted values of material removal rate was found within a range of 2.7 %–15.9 %. The repeatability of final surface roughness values and MRR obtained is ±0.007 μm and ±10 nm/min respectively. The developed model helps to make the PCP process more predictable and provides valuable insights into the various parameters which predominantly affect the material removal. The simulation of the gradual evolution of the surface profile has been obtained using the developed model.

Complications with Follicular Unit Excision.

Hair restoration surgery (HRS) is typically a safe outpatient or office-based procedure when physicians follow high ethical standards and uphold community practice standards. Patients' clinical outcomes are mostly operator dependent, and temporary and permanent complications rarely occur. Follicular unit excision (FUE) donor harvesting, in particular, is a challenging harvesting technique requiring a long learning curve, physical stamina, higher than average hand-eye coordination and manual dexterity. The types of complications associated with FUE are comparable to linear strip excision (LSE). Similar to LSE donor harvesting, FUE complications may occur irrespective if standard precautions are followed by the physician. As in any skin and scalp procedure, injuries and poor cosmetic outcomes occur despite appropriate preoperative precautions and intraoperative technique. In increasing and greater instances, however, FUE complications are observed when the physician fails to follow hair restoration practice standards and routine surgical precautions. Physician induced, or iatrogenic complications occur more often when untrained licensed surgeons perform HRS, and who fail to meet practice standards and best practices. In the last decade, physician-influenced FUE complications, or iatrogenic cause of FUE injuries are increasingly observed which results in poor aesthetic outcomes. Higher than average FUE complication rates occur in cases involving inadequately trained physicians, as well as in cases where improper delegation of the FUE hair transplant procedure is performed by unlicensed and untrained individuals. In this chapter, we described commonly encountered HRS complications, as well as physician influenced, or iatrogenic causes of FUE complications.

Paradigm Shift from Linear Strip to Follicular Unit Excision in Hair Restoration Surgery.

Follicular unit excision (FUE) is a very effective and valuable modality for obtaining donor hair follicles using manual, motorized, or robotic devices to harvest individual donor follicular units in situ without a linear donor scar or visible scarring making it ideal for patients who wish to wear their hair short and hide signs of surgery. Over the past two decades, FUE has become increasingly popular, and the rising demand for FUE has driven the worldwide market size of hair restoration surgery (HRS) to an unprecedented height.FUE has revolutionized the HRS industry and offers excellent cosmesis and high patient satisfaction. Unfortunately, a large part of the favorable appeal of FUE is due to false claims that it is "minimally invasive," "scarless," or "not even surgery." Most patients opt-in for FUE due to these misconceptions, which are advertised by "black-market" clinics offering low-cost FUE surgery performed by amateur, nonprofessional technicians on unsuspected patients. The technique appears deceptively simple, and many neophyte surgeons falsely believe that the learning curve of FUE is short because the barrier of entry is low and no previous surgical skill is required. Nevertheless, injuries on grafts are extremely easy to occur since FUE is a blind technique and can be minimized only with excellent technique, which takes years to master.FUE actually presents unique challenges for the surgeon and carries potential long-term permanent side effects if not performed properly. The surgeon must have a thorough understanding of the nuances of the FUE surgical technique to ensure consistent graft quality and favorable cosmesis of both donor and recipient areas. Efficient FUE requires dexterity, training, dedication, devotion, enthusiasm, cognitive clarity, scientific knowledge, experience, and an extended learning curve.FUE is an invaluable addition to the armamentarium of a hair restoration surgeon but has to be judiciously performed.

Ethical Considerations in Follicular Unit Excision Surgical Procedures.

Follicular unit excision (FUE) is an increasingly popular hair restoration technique. In many instances, it surpasses linear strip excision (LSE) surgery in terms of number of procedures and clinics dedicated to performing FUE. The rise in popularity relates primarily to a somewhat misguided perception that FUE produces less evidence of a surgical procedure having been performed. This is based on the fact that a linear scar is avoided. The procedure is easier to learn and "less invasive" as compared to LSE harvesting and requires less staff and capital expense. The FUE procedure is aggressively marketed often as "scarless surgery." This false statement, along with the ease of starting an FUE practice, has resulted in various ethical issues related to evaluation, methodology, and business practices. In this chapter, we discuss the ethical issues surrounding FUE hair restoration surgery and the examination of the mathematics of donor management as it relates to the ethical management of the FUE patient.

Follicular Unit Excision Donor Area Management and Considerations of the Scalp.

Over the last several years, follicular unit excision (FUE) donor harvesting has become the predominant donor harvest method, surpassing the traditional method of linear strip excision donor harvesting. While this may offer advantages in specific clinical settings, the reality of ongoing losses with the natural evolution of male patterned hair loss places a premium on obtaining as much lifetime donor hair as possible to address this clinical reality. This lifetime demand requirement must be weighed against the possibility of a detrimental cosmetic appearance of the donor area with serial donor harvests utilizing FUE. This chapter will examine the important technical and artistic considerations critical for hair restoration surgeons to appreciate in order to maintain cosmetically high-quality donor area outcomes in patients choosing to undergo FUE harvesting for hair transplantation surgery.

Follicular Unit Excision-Linear Ellipse Donor Harvesting Technique: Combining Standard Follicular Unit Excision with Follicular Unit Excision inside a Linear Strip (Modified Linear Strip Excision) to Optimize Graft Yield.

Follicular unit excision (FUE) graft dissection has become the dominant method of donor harvesting globally, however, only a percentage of donor hair can be excised inside the safe donor area before visible donor thinning occurs. Compared to linear strip excision (LSE) where all follicular units inside the harvested ellipse of hair are used, FUE poses substantial limitations for lifetime graft yield and, therefore, cosmetic coverage in patients with advanced pattern hair loss. This paper reviews how combining the donor harvesting methods of FUE and LSE has been shown to optimize graft yield while minimizing the risk of donor depletion from overharvesting. It then describes a surgical technique called FUE-Linear Ellipse (FUE-LE) where FUE dissection of grafts inside a demarcated linear ellipse eliminates the need for a large dissection team which has posed a barrier for many new practices that offer both the donor harvesting methods. For practices that currently offer only FUE, the addition of the LSE method by the modified FUE-LE technique is possible without specialized staff training or associated equipment costs. In this paper, surgery practices that have adopted this technique will report on their experiences. Hair restoration surgeons are encouraged to provide both methods of donor harvesting (FUE and LSE using FUE-LE) in order to optimize graft yield for patients and avoid long-term donor depletion. Based on limited experience, it appears the technique of FUE-LE will help achieve this goal.

Patient Selection for Follicular Unit Extraction versus Linear Strip Donor Harvesting.

Follicular unit grafts can be harvested using two methods: strip follicular unit transplantation and follicular unit excision. Each method can generate outstanding results, but both are uniquely different with respect to the advantages and disadvantages they offer. Devising a sound surgical plan is instrumental to assure that a patient's short-term and long-term goals can be met, but creating the best plan possible for the graft harvest process is not straightforward. This paper will review the various advantages and disadvantages of each graft harvest method, along with their short-term and long-term ramifications, so as to provide insight into the process by which a sound surgical plan can be developed for any patient seeking surgical hair restoration.

Can we improve electrocorticography using a circular grid array in brain tumor surgery?

Intraoperative electrocorticography (iECoG) is used as an adjunct to localize the epileptogenic zone during surgical resection of brain tumors in patients with focal epilepsies. It also enables monitoring of after-discharges and seizures with EEG during functional brain mapping with electrical stimulation. When seizures or after-discharges are present, they complicate accurate interpretation of the mapping strategy to outline the brain’s eloquent function and can affect the surgical procedure. Recurrent seizures during surgery requires urgent treatment and, when occurring during awake craniotomy, often leads to premature termination of brain mapping due to post-ictal confusion or sedation from acute rescue therapy. There are mixed results in studies on efficacy with iECoG in patients with epilepsy and brain tumors influencing survival and functional outcomes following surgery. Commercially available electrode arrays have inherent limitations. These could be improved with customization potentially leading to greater precision in safe and maximal resection of brain tumors. Few studies have assessed customized electrode grid designs as an alternative to commercially available products. Higher density electrode grids with intercontact distances less than 1 cm improve spatial delineation of electrophysiologic sources, including epileptiform activity, electrographic seizures, and afterdischarges on iECoG during functional brain mapping. In response to the shortcomings of current iECoG grid technologies, we designed and developed a novel higher-density hollow circular electrode grid array. The 360-degree iECoG monitoring capability allows continuous EEG recording during surgical intervention through the aperture with and without electrical stimulation mapping. Compared with linear strip electrodes that are commonly used for iECoG during surgery, the circular grid demonstrates significant benefits in brain tumor surgery. This includes quicker recovery of post-operative motor deficits (2.4 days versus 9 days, p = 0.05), more extensive tumor resection (92.0% versus 77.6%, p = 0.003), lesser reduction in Karnofsky Performance scale postoperatively (−2 versus −11.6, p = 0.007), and more sensitivity to recording afterdischarges. In this narrative review, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of commercially available recording devices in the operating room and focus on the usefulness of the higher-density circular grid.

Follicular Unit Excision (FUE) Basics.

Follicular unit excision (FUE) has risen to the forefront as the world's most popular hair transplant procedure. However, most writing on this subject has catered to the advanced practitioner. The goal of this article will be to focus on safe planning and decision making along with key technical steps that will guide the beginner surgeon to harvest a graft safely and to harvest the donor area in a uniform way to avoid overharvesting. Topics covered in this article also include instrumentation and decision making between FUE versus linear strip excision.

Simplified numerical algorithms for generalized strip saturated two equal collinear cracks in piezoelectric media using distributed dislocation technique

AbstractIn this paper, we present the distributed dislocation technique (DDT) based numerical algorithms to study the generalized strip saturated (GSS) models for two equal collinear cracks in 2‐D finite and infinite piezoelectric media. Numerical studies for particular cases such as linear, quadratic and cubic strip saturated models are simulated by considering their equivalent forms based on the principle of superposition. Two equal collinear cracks problem and its particular case of coalesced zones are considered in 2‐D semipermeable piezoelectric media under arbitrary poling direction and in‐plane electromechanical loadings. The results of saturated zone lengths (inner and outer) and local stress intensity factors (at inner and outer tips) are evaluated numerically for infinite and finite domain problems. The results of infinite domain obtained using DDT are compared with the reference analytical solutions. A good agreement of the results shows the efficacy of the proposed algorithms based on DDT for solving GSS two equal collinear cracks problems in 2‐D finite/infinite piezoelectric media.

Designing a Bioreactor to Improve Data Acquisition and Model Throughput of Engineered Cardiac Tissues.

Heart failure remains the leading cause of death worldwide, creating a pressing need for better preclinical models of the human heart. Tissue engineering is crucial for basic science cardiac research; in vitro human cell culture eliminates the interspecies differences of animal models, while a more tissue-like 3D environment (e.g., with extracellular matrix and heterocellular coupling) simulates in vivo conditions to a greater extent than traditional two-dimensional culture on plastic Petri dishes. However, each model system requires specialized equipment, for example, custom-designed bioreactors and functional assessment devices. Additionally, these protocols are often complicated, labor-intensive, and plagued by the failure of the small, delicate tissues. This paper describes a process for generating a robust human engineered cardiac tissue (hECT) model system using induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived cardiomyocytes for the longitudinal measurement of tissue function. Six hECTs with linear strip geometry are cultured in parallel, with each hECTsuspended from a pair of force-sensing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) posts attached to PDMS racks. Each post is capped with a black PDMS stable post tracker (SPoT), a new feature that improves the ease of use, throughput, tissue retention, and data quality. The shape allows for the reliable optical tracking of post deflections, yielding improved twitch force tracings with absolute active and passive tension. The cap geometry eliminates tissue failure due to hECTs slipping off the posts, and as they involve a second step after PDMS rack fabrication, the SPoTs can be added to existing PDMS post-based designs without major changes to the bioreactor fabrication process. The system is used to demonstrate the importance of measuring hECT function at physiological temperatures and shows stable tissue function during data acquisition. In summary, we describe a state-of-the-art model system that reproduces key physiological conditions to advance the biofidelity, efficiency, and rigor of engineered cardiac tissues for in vitro applications.

Analysis Of Policy Has Been Established By The Minister On Opening The Export Of Lobster Seed In Indonesia

Seakeeping is the ship's ability to stay afloat on the waves. The ship's maneuverability is greatly influenced by external factors related to the state of the sea and the waters in which the ship sails. Calculating seakeeping with various variations of depth, current, and wave height is needed for ship safety when sailing in the calculation of seakeeping using linear strip theory to calculate the response of heaving and pitching movements while roll damping theory for rolling movements. In this study, the ship's motion is calculated using the Finite element method software Hydrodynamic Diffraction and Hydrodynamic Time Response. For variations in wave height and water depth, referring to the conditions of Indonesian waters, from the reference, variations in wave height of 3 m, and 5 m (based on sea state WMO). In contrast, the current variation uses a current with a speed of 10 knots and a current depth of 10 T, 15 T, and 20 T. Based on the data obtained in data processing, it can be seen that the high value of the wave frequency obtained at 90 and 270 degrees wave direction is relatively high. The value of the roll spectrum in the direction of 0 and 270 degrees is large and can cause rolling on the ship. In the direction of 0 and 270 degrees, the wave resistance can be reduced by th Lobsters are animals that enter into crustaceans that have problematic skin. Adult lobsters can generally be found on a stretch of sand with coral spots with a depth of between 5-100 meters. This condition will cause a low number of young lobsters in the waters. This research was conducted with a case study regarding the policy of opening lobster seed export, which aims to find out how the policy is to open the export of lobster seed. The data obtained is done by reviewing the literature on the internet. Based on the analysis, the export profit of lobster seeds has continued to increase every month since it was again allowed by the government in May 2020. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), lobster seeds began to be re-exported in June 2020 at 32 kilograms, costing the US $ 112,990. The government can help with training and outreach on lobster cultivation. The government can offer Lobster a partnership package to help people start a freshwater crayfish business.

Analysis Of Wave Height To Ship Motion With Displacement Of 7,597 Tons By Finite Element Method

Seakeeping is the ship's ability to stay afloat on the waves. The ship's maneuverability is greatly influenced by external factors related to the state of the sea and the waters in which the ship sails. Calculating seakeeping with various variations of depth, current, and wave height is needed for ship safety when sailing in the calculation of seakeeping using linear strip theory to calculate the response of heaving and pitching movements while roll damping theory for rolling movements. In this study, the ship's motion is calculated using the Finite element method software Hydrodynamic Diffraction and Hydrodynamic Time Response. For variations in wave height and water depth, referring to the conditions of Indonesian waters, from the reference, variations in wave height of 3 m, and 5 m (based on sea state WMO). In contrast, the current variation uses a current with a speed of 10 knots and a current depth of 10 T, 15 T, and 20 T. Based on the data obtained in data processing, it can be seen that the high value of the wave frequency obtained at 90 and 270 degrees wave direction is relatively high. The value of the roll spectrum in the direction of 0 and 270 degrees is large and can cause rolling on the ship. In the direction of 0 and 270 degrees, the wave resistance can be reduced by the ship.

Analysis Of Wave Height To Ship Motion With Displacement Of 7,597 Tons By Finite Element Method

Seakeeping is the ship's ability to stay afloat on the waves. The ship's maneuverability is greatly influenced by external factors related to the state of the sea and the waters in which the ship sails. Calculating seakeeping with various variations of depth, current, and wave height is needed for ship safety when sailing in the calculation of seakeeping using linear strip theory to calculate the response of heaving and pitching movements while roll damping theory for rolling movements. In this study, the ship's motion is calculated using the Finite element method software Hydrodynamic Diffraction and Hydrodynamic Time Response. For variations in wave height and water depth, referring to the conditions of Indonesian waters, from the reference, variations in wave height of 3 m, and 5 m (based on sea state WMO). In contrast, the current variation uses a current with a speed of 10 knots and a current depth of 10 T, 15 T, and 20 T. Based on the data obtained in data processing, it can be seen that the high value of the wave frequency obtained at 90 and 270 degrees wave direction is relatively high. The value of the roll spectrum in the direction of 0 and 270 degrees is large and can cause rolling on the ship. In the direction of 0 and 270 degrees, the wave resistance can be reduced by the ship.

Analysis Of Policy Has Been Established By The Minister On Opening The Export Of Lobster Seed In Indonesia

Seakeeping is the ship's ability to stay afloat on the waves. The ship's maneuverability is greatly influenced by external factors related to the state of the sea and the waters in which the ship sails. Calculating seakeeping with various variations of depth, current, and wave height is needed for ship safety when sailing in the calculation of seakeeping using linear strip theory to calculate the response of heaving and pitching movements while roll damping theory for rolling movements. In this study, the ship's motion is calculated using the Finite element method software Hydrodynamic Diffraction and Hydrodynamic Time Response. For variations in wave height and water depth, referring to the conditions of Indonesian waters, from the reference, variations in wave height of 3 m, and 5 m (based on sea state WMO). In contrast, the current variation uses a current with a speed of 10 knots and a current depth of 10 T, 15 T, and 20 T. Based on the data obtained in data processing, it can be seen that the high value of the wave frequency obtained at 90 and 270 degrees wave direction is relatively high. The value of the roll spectrum in the direction of 0 and 270 degrees is large and can cause rolling on the ship. In the direction of 0 and 270 degrees, the wave resistance can be reduced by th Lobsters are animals that enter into crustaceans that have problematic skin. Adult lobsters can generally be found on a stretch of sand with coral spots with a depth of between 5-100 meters. This condition will cause a low number of young lobsters in the waters. This research was conducted with a case study regarding the policy of opening lobster seed export, which aims to find out how the policy is to open the export of lobster seed. The data obtained is done by reviewing the literature on the internet. Based on the analysis, the export profit of lobster seeds has continued to increase every month since it was again allowed by the government in May 2020. Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), lobster seeds began to be re-exported in June 2020 at 32 kilograms, costing the US $ 112,990. The government can help with training and outreach on lobster cultivation. The government can offer Lobster a partnership package to help people start a freshwater crayfish business.

Combined analysis of remote sensing, gravity and magnetic data across Moyar Bhavani Shear Zone, Southern Granulite Terrane (SGT), India: appraisals for crustal architecture and tectonics

We present a combined analysis of remote sensing, gravity and magnetic data across Moyar Bhavani Shear Zone (MBSZ), Southern Granulite Terrane (SGT), India to study crustal architecture and tectonics. The horizontal gradient of gravity data shows strong density inhomogeneity across the MBSZ. The magnetic data and residual gravity analysis shows corroboration of a NE–SW trending linear magnetic anomaly zone and residual gravity high strip along the MBSZ. The low magnetic anomalies dominate the northern part of the MBSZ, while the southern part is dominated by moderate to high anomalies. The integration of potential data and remote sensing data clearly reveals that ENE–WSW is the dominant structural trend that coincides with the Mettur Shear Zone (MeSZ) trend. The joint gravity and magnetic modelling suggest that the MBSZ, is characterized by the disposition of mélange of moderate to high-density rocks of diamagnetic nature.

Study on microstructure and stimuli-responsive optical characteristics of wing scales of Madagascan sunset moth

To explore the optical characteristics and bionic application potentials of the wing scales of the Madagascan sunset moth, the mapping relationship between the micronano structure and the optical response characteristics was established, and the optical stimuli-responsive mechanism of the structure-colored scales was deeply revealed. The multilevel fine structure of structure-colored scales on the forewings of the Madagascan sunset moth was formed by coupling the linear strip surface and the layered cross-section. The layered film structure system of wing scales was similar to a set of bioresponsive nanophotonic crystals, had a sensitive color change response to the external environment changes such as liquid infiltration and incident angle, and had a highly adjustable reflectivity in the near-infrared range. The unique optical characteristics of the wing scales of the Madagascan sunset moth could provide new ideas for the development of adaptive bionic stealth materials and components.

NON LINEAR ANALYSIS OF SHIP MOTIONS AND LOADS IN LARGE AMPLITUDE WAVES

A non linear time domain formulation for ship motions and wave loads is presented and applied to the S175 containership. The paper describes the mathematical formulations and assumptions, with particular attention to the calculation of the hydrodynamic force in the time domain. In this formulation all the forces involved are non linear and time dependent. Hydrodynamic forces are calculated in the frequency domain and related to the time domain solution for each time step. Restoring and exciting forces are evaluated directly in time domain in a way of the hull wetted surface. The results are compared with linear strip theory and linear three dimensional Green function frequency domain seakeeping methodologies with the intent of validation. The comparison shows a satisfactory agreement in the range of small amplitude motions. A first approach to large amplitude motion analysis displays the importance of incorporating the non linear behaviour of motions and loads in the solution of the seakeeping problem.

On the High-Performance Hydrodynamics Design of a Trimaran Fishing Vessel

Trimaran hull form as multihull ship becomes more attractive these days in various ship types. It offers more advantages in terms of seakeeping performances, particularly on the application of a fishing vessel. However, thus far, the conventional design of fishing vessels is not favorable to ensure the safety of a vessel sailing in a rough sea. In conjunction with such issues, we discuss a trimaran fishing vessel design based on the seakeeping criterion to evaluate the dynamic stability, ship motion RAOs, and ship resistances at the initial design stages using linear strip theory. The intact stabilities are calculated to complement the seakeeping results. The analytical method based on the slender body method is used to evaluate the steady wave resistances. The results of heave, pitch, roll motions, and the ship resistances are discussed. At the zero speed and forward speed, the trimaran shows a favorable motion amplitude, although in forward speeds at the case of head seas there is no significant difference. The trimaran presents a favorable steady-resistance up to the ship speed of Fn=0.27, and it becomes deteriorating than the monohull at higher ship speeds. However, the added wave resistances of the wavelength range 1.0 – 3.0 shows significant added resistances at Fn=0.25 and Fn=0.35, respectively. The results of this study present promising seakeeping and resistance characteristics of the trimaran hull form. The trimaran hull form ensures the safety, reliability, and operation efficiency of ships sailing in broader ranges of violent-sea environment.