Linear Body Research Articles

Internal Supravesical Hernia Revealed by Small Bowel Obstruction

Small bowel obstruction secondary to ingested fish bone is an exceedingly rare occurrence, particularly among the elderly, accounting for less than 1% of cases necessitating surgical intervention. This article reports a case of an 84-year-old male who presented with acute abdominal pain and bilious vomiting for seven days after accidentally swallowing a fish bone. Computed Tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis indicated sub-acute bowel obstruction, revealing a linear foreign body in the jejunum with a focal collection. An emergency exploratory laparotomy uncovered a pocket of pus containing the fish bone in the mesentery of the jejunum, with evidence of perforation at approximately 150 cm distal to the duodenojejunal flexure.

Trajectory optimization and stability control for a novel unmanned intelligent wheel-legged vehicles on unstructured terrains

The trend of intelligent vehicles is currently expanding, and a new class of unmanned intelligent vehicles known as wheel-legged vehicles (WLVs) is emerging. WLVs excel in transportation on unstructured terrain by offering a unique combination of the efficiency of wheels on flat ground and the versatility of legs to tackle obstacles. To enhance the locomotion performance of WLVs on unstructured terrains, this paper presents a novel framework for improving their locomotion through nonlinear programming-based (NLP) trajectory optimization and stability control. The framework optimizes the vehicle’s body and wheel positioning while incorporating terrain information and employs a linear rigid body dynamic model for efficient motion planning. The stability control framework combines feedforward control using ground reaction forces with feedback control through joint PD control and utilizes model predictive control (MPC) to adjust the wheel slip ratio to prevent slip on steep slopes. Experimental validation on the real vehicle with torque-controlled wheels demonstrated the capability of driving over a 1 m height with a 30°slope at an average speed of 0.7 m/s and a maximum speed of 1.03 m/s. Our approach also enables the WLV to overcome obstacles, such as inclines, while dynamically negotiating these challenging terrains.

Linear and discrete foreign body small intestinal obstruction outcomes, complication risk factors, and single incision red rubber catheter technique success in cats.

To compare survival and report perioperative complications in cats undergoing surgery for small intestinal (SI) linear (LFBO) and discrete (DFBO) foreign body obstructions (FBO). To report success of a red rubber catheter technique (RRCT) to remove LFBOs. Retrospective study. Client-owned cats (n = 169). Medical records of cats undergoing surgery for SI FBO from a veterinary teaching hospital between February 2012 and January 2023 were classified as LFBO, DFBO, or both linear and discrete FBO (BFBO). Signalment and perioperative data were collected. Preoperative hypoalbuminemia (LFBO: n = 1/6; DFBO: n = 5/6) and septic peritonitis (LFBO: n = 2/4; DFBO: n = 0/4; BFBO: n = 2/4) were rare. Intraoperative hypotension did not differ between LFBOs and DFBOs (p = .4756). RRCT was successful in 20/24 attempts of LFBO removal. Three cats were euthanized intraoperatively (LFBO: 1; DFBO: 1; BFBO: 1). Postoperatively, two cats (DFBO) experienced intestinal dehiscence and two cats (DFBO) died or were euthanized. Survival to discharge (p = 1.0000) and postoperative complications (p = .1386) did not differ between LFBOs and DFBOs. Postoperative complications and survival did not differ between cats with LFBOs and DFBOs. Intestinal dehiscence secondary to FBO in cats is rare. A RRCT can be successful in many cats with LFBOs. Cats with LFBOs and DFBOs have similar postoperative complication rates and survival to discharge when preoperative septic peritonitis is not present. Intestinal dehiscence is rare, which is important when discussing surgical prognosis with owners. A RRCT can be considered to remove LFBOs when there is concern for multiple enterotomies.

A retrospective cohort analysis of factors influencing continuous antibiotic therapy with ampicillin

AimsThere are limited data on ampicillin/sulbactam, both for continuous infusion and for use in critically ill patients. We aimed to identify factors that help predict ampicillin plasma levels during continuous antibiotic therapy in intensive care patients. Main methodsWe retrospectively reviewed and retrieved a large dataset of patients who received continuous ampicillin infusion with therapeutic drug monitoring between 2015 and 2022. Patients initially received standard dosing (single shot of 2/1 g followed by continuous infusion of 6/3 g ampicillin/sulbactam per day), which was then adjusted based on the results of regular therapeutic drug monitoring and according to a target range of 30–60 mg/l (equivalent to four to eight times the minimum inhibitory concentration of ampicillin for Enterobacterales). Main results466 measurements from 225 patients (152 male, mean age 61 years) were analyzed. Initial measurements of ampicillin plasma levels were below the predefined optimal therapeutic range in 50 %, within the range in 30 % and above the range in 20 %. Target attainment increased to 70 % by the 4th measurement. There was a significant negative correlation between ampicillin plasma levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r = −0.74; p < 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, with height (r = −0.31; p < 0.001). Based on multiple linear regression, eGFR and body weight or height were the factors accounting for 63 % of the variability in the data. SignificanceTo optimise target achievement, ampicillin dosing in critically ill patients requires a personalized approach based on renal function. Importantly, patients with normal or augmented eGFR require higher standard doses of ampicillin/sulbactam.

Australian radiographers’ digital era practice in selecting the image receptor angle for female body habitus for the mediolateral oblique view of the breast

IntroductionCorrect alignment of the image receptor (IR) in mammography for the mediolateral oblique (MLO) view of the breast is fundamental to enable the maximum inclusion of breast tissue. This study aims to assess Australian radiographers' knowledge and digital era practice in selecting the IR angle for female body habitus in the MLO view of the breast. MethodsAn online survey was distributed to all members of the Australian Society of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy (ASMIRT) through their electronic newsletter and via direct email to radiographers holding the Certificate of Mammographic Practice (CMP). Descriptive analysis was undertaken, and a Pearson's chi-squared test of independence was used to compare associations between academic qualification and IR selection data. A value of p < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. ResultsA total of 107 valid surveys were returned; 67.3 % reported using the posterior lateral margin to select the IR angle. For linear body habitus, 44.9 % reported using 50°; for all other body habitus, participants most commonly used 45° (59.1 %); 85.1 % used a range of angles between 40 and 55°; 16.8 % recognised the link between correct IR angle selection and breast tissue inclusion. ConclusionThe range of angles used in practice has reduced in the digital era; the frequency of the use of 45° across all body habitus may reflect tube angle movement automation. Few radiographers recognised the important link between correct selection of IR angle and breast tissue inclusion on the image. Implications for practiceUnderstanding of the link between IR angle selection and image quality enhances current practice in the digital era to maximise the inclusion of breast tissue and minimise the potential of missed breast cancer.

Linear measurements, body proportions, and biomechanical insights: morphological analysis of arabian horses in São Paulo, Brazil

Este estudo, conduzido com meticuloso rigor científico, avaliou medições lineares, proporções corporais e índices corporais em cavalos Árabes para uma melhor compreensão de sua morfologia, aptidão e biomecânica. A amostra foi composta por 168 cavalos Árabes puros adultos (76 machos e 92 fêmeas) alojados em uma fazenda de cavalos no estado brasileiro de São Paulo. Vinte e seis medições lineares foram realizadas usando uma fita métrica, a partir das quais os índices morfométricos foram calculados. Os dados foram meticulosamente analisados utilizando análise de variância e o teste de Tukey, com o nível de significância fixado em 5%. Os resultados deste estudo, respaldados por uma robusta análise estatística, revelaram que os cavalos Árabes são animais geométricos, ligeiramente alongados (ectomorfos), cavalos de trabalho leve e podem suportar cargas equivalentes a 25% de seu peso corporal. O comprimento dorsolombar, da garupa e da coxa mais longos do que as medições lineares dos membros anteriores sugerem uma desproporção corporal. Resultados semelhantes foram relatados em outras raças de cavalos atléticas, como o Quarto de Milha e o Cavalo de Esporte Brasileiro, uma vez que o exercício físico requer mais propulsão do que a equitação de lazer. Os índices dactilo- torácico e de habilidade colocam os cavalos Árabes na categoria de cavalos de trabalho leve, apoiando esta hipótese. Algumas medições e índices diferiram entre os gêneros, com os machos superando as fêmeas na maioria dos casos, exceto no comprimento corporal. As medições lineares se mostraram ferramentas essenciais para a avaliação do movimento e da conformação. Os cavalos Árabes desta amostra não atenderam aos padrões de conforto para equitação, mas foram considerados ter um bom potencial atlético com base em medições lineares e proporções.

The 3D Crustal Structure of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, East Antarctica, Using Variation of Information Joint Inversion of Gravity and Magnetic Data

AbstractDirect geological information in Antarctica is limited to ice free regions along the coast, high mountain ranges, or isolated nunataks. Therefore, indirect methods are required to reveal subglacial geology and heterogeneities in crustal properties, which are critical steps toward interpreting geological history. We present a 3D crustal model of density and susceptibility distribution in the Wilkes Subglacial Basin (WSB) and the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) based on joint inversion of airborne gravity and magnetic data. The applied “variation of information” technique enforces a coupling between inferred susceptibility and density, relating these quantities to the same gravity and magnetic sources to give an enhanced inversion result. Our model reveals a large body located in the interior of the WSB interpreted as a batholithic intrusive structure, as well as a linear dense body at the margin of the Terre Adélie Craton. Density and susceptibility relationships are used to inform the interpretation of petrophysical properties and the reconstruction of the origin of those crustal bodies. The petrophysical relationship indicates that the postulated batholitic intrusion is granitic, but independent from the Granite Harbor Igneous Complex described previously in the TAM area. Emplacement of a large volume of intrusive granites can potentially elevate local geothermal heat flow significantly. Finally, we present a new conceptual tectonic model based on the inversion results, which includes development of a passive continental margin with seaward dipping basalt horizons and magmatic underplating followed by two distinct intrusive events associated with the protracted Ross Orogen.

200. THE PENETRATION OF THE THYROID GLAND BY A FISH BONE: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract Background Penetration of the thyroid gland by a fish bone is rare, and there is no literature describing a patient with hyperthyroidism at initial examination in whom the thyroid gland was penetrated by a fish bone. Case presentation A 51-year-old woman visited our hospital with left-sided neck pain. She had sensed a foreign body in her throat when eating a fish the previous day, but no abnormality was found by endoscopy. Blood examination revealed hyperthyroidism, and ultrasonography (US) revealed enlargement of the bilateral lobe with multiple adenomatous nodules and heterogeneous hypoechoic areas. The presumptive diagnosis was subacute thyroiditis, and treatment with prednisolone was initiated. Pain was reduced and tenderness moved to the right lobe. The phenomenon was diagnosed as creeping thyroiditis. However, computed tomography (CT) on day 4 demonstrated a linear hyperdense body in the left lobe. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was repeated and revealed a fissure at the cervical esophagus. Her condition was then diagnosed as penetration of a fish bone into the thyroid gland. She was treated conservatively with monitoring to observe the course. Inflammatory signs significantly improved, so she was discharged on day 15. Subsequent CT and US did not show the presence of the fish bone. After three years have passed since discharge, there has been no recurrence of symptoms. Conclusions Penetration of the thyroid gland by a fish bone could result in a clinical course resembling subacute thyroiditis. CT and careful endoscopic inspection should be performed for patients with hyperthyroidism if foreign body insertion is not ruled out from the medical history.

Feasibility study on the heat transfer enhancement of gap flow induced by wasted vibration of linear compressor body

Refrigerators account for 20–30 % of household electricity consumption, with the compressor contributing to 80 % of the total consumption. Therefore, it is essential to increase the compressor efficiency. One approach to enhance compressor performance involves increasing heat dissipation to lower the temperature of the suction system and boost the refrigerant density entering the suction chamber. To achieve that innovatively, we harnessed the waste vibration of the linear compressor body to create a gap flow between the body and the housing, enhancing compressor performance by augmenting heat dissipation. Measurements of gap flow temperature, cylinder surface temperature, and heat flux on the cylinder surface were conducted, varying the RPM, gap size, and the shape of the gap flow path. We also observed variations in the gap flow rate with RPM and stroke. The results revealed that gap temperature and heat flux increased with higher RPM and smaller gap size, and the application of ribs to the gap flow path proved to be more effective in enhancing temperature and heat flux. Additionally, it is anticipated that heat flux will further increase with a longer stroke as the flow rate increases. Therefore, to optimize heat dissipation through gap flow using the waste vibration of the compressor body, it is advantageous to employ a smaller gap size, higher RPM, longer stroke, and apply ribs to the gap flow path. Future research should focus on verifying the effectiveness of increased heat dissipation and improved Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) through actual compressor experiments.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Sex Determination in the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) Based on External Measurements.

The possibility of sex identification of birds has substantial importance for studies on different aspects of bird ecology and behaviour. Using discriminant functions is becoming increasingly popular in studies of bird species that are monomorphic in plumage characteristics because they are cheap, hardly invasive and may be applied to data collected in the past. In this paper, we provide a discriminant function to sex great cormorants using external measurements. Males were larger than females in all linear body measurements, but there were no significant differences between adults and juveniles. Thus, data on juveniles and adults within a sex was combined. Discriminant equations with the most commonly used linear measurements, wing length and bill length, were provided. If identifying birds with discriminant function values D2 < -1.256 as females and those with D2 > 0.916 as males, 99% of birds will be correctly sexed. The method presented here makes it possible to account for sex-specific patterns in ecological studies of the great cormorant and may be applied to data collected in the past. The cross-application of discriminant functions developed for other populations of the great cormorant produces a 5.4% and 7.5% misclassification rate for birds from northern Poland using discriminant equations developed for populations in Greece and the Netherlands, respectively.

Hemoglobin polymorphism and its association with morphometric and egg production traits in Ethiopian indigenous and Sasso chicken breeds.

The present study investigated the biochemical polymorphism of hemoglobin (Hb) and its relationship with performance traits of Ethiopian indigenous and Sasso chicken breeds. A total of 284 chickens reared in three agro-ecologies were examined for genetic diversity and associations with productive traits at Hb locus using agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the HbA allele was dominant in both breeds, and a higher proportion of male chickens were HbAA genotypes, while females were predominantly HbBB types. In the highland agro-ecology, chickens with the HbAA genotype were the most dominant, whereas in mid- and low-land agro-ecologies, chickens with HbBB and HbAB genotypes were found to be more frequent. A moderate level of expected heterozygosity was obtained with 0.47 and 0.445 for indigenous and Sasso chickens, respectively, with an average effective number of alleles per locus of 1.89 and 1.80. Moreover, chickens with HbAA genotypes showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher body weight and linear body measurements than those of HbAB and HbBB genotypes. However, for appendage body structures (comb and wattle dimensions), chickens with the HbAB and HbBB genotypes had higher mean values. Additionally, clutch size (14.2 ± 0.4), clutch length (21.8 ± 0.7), and eight-month egg production (84.1 ± 1.2) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher for hens with HbBB genotypes, followed by those with HbAB-types. Therefore, the considerable hemoglobin variability and significant associations of Hb variants with the performance traits can be sought as guiding information for further genetic improvement interventions in the chicken breeds under investigation. Further microsatellite marker-based genotyping is recommended to validate the higher morphometric values for HbAA genotypes and the better egg production for HbBB and HbAB genotypes.

Fragmented acupuncture needle as a linear metallic foreign body near the proximal interphalangeal joint of a horse.

To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of a fragmented, migrating acupuncture needle near the palmar proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) of a horse. A 9-year-old Warmblood cross mare. The mare presented for evaluation of a linear metallic foreign body on the palmar lateral aspect of the PIPJ following acupuncture treatment. The mare had a pinpoint puncture wound and sensitivity to palpation over the lateral aspect of the PIPJ region. The referring veterinarian performed radiographs and found a linear metallic foreign body near the lateral palmar PIPJ. Ultrasonographic examination demonstrated a hyperechoic lesion consistent with a metallic object in the soft tissues of the palmar lateral aspect of the PIPJ. The horse was anesthetized, and the linear metallic foreign body was removed. The use of intraoperative ultrasound and digital radiographs assisted in determining the location of and surgical approach to remove the foreign body. The linear metallic foreign body was the fragmented segment (body) of an acupuncture needle. The mare recovered from surgery uneventfully and returned to the previous level of activity. This report demonstrates the potential risks of prolonged retention and or delayed removal of acupuncture needles in the form of needle fragmentation and migration. It also demonstrates the use of imaging in determining the location and position of small, thin metallic foreign bodies to aid in surgical approach and removal.

The Correlation of Linear Body Size With Body Condition Score and Body Weight of Participated Cow Used in the Progeny Test in East Java

This study aims to analyze the linear size of the bodies of participated cow used in the progeny test of dairy cows in KAN Jabung, Malang, East Java. The material used consisted of 180 lactating cows emplyed as participated cows. The research employed was a survey with data collection throught purposive sampling, selecting cows that are lactating based on specific criteria. The data were analyzed using correlation analysis and simple linear regression. The results of the study, revealed correlation values between body weight, chest circumference, body length, height with body condition score (BCS), as follows: 0,3542; 0,3523; 0,1926; 0,3198 respectively. Meanwhile, the correlation values of chest circumference, body length, and height with body were found to be: 0,9990; 0,5381; 0,4528, respectively. In conclusion, this study determined that the highest correlation of participated cow linear body size was observed in the relationship between chest circumference and body weight, while the lowest correlation was found in the relationship between body length and BCS.

Morphometric comparison of linear body size of IPB D1 chickens and native chickens through discriminant analysis

Animal protein production from chickens predominantly comes from purebred chicken farms rather than local ones. Improving the genetic quality of local chickens in Indonesia can be achieved through developing IPB D1 chickens. This study aims to identify distinguishing variables between IPB D1 chickens and native chickens using linear body measurements through discriminant analysis. The research involved IPB D1 chickens and native chickens in the layer phase, employing descriptive statistical analysis, T2-Hotelling, Fisher linear discriminant analysis, and Wald-Anderson classification. Results showed that IPB D1 roosters and native roosters differ in femur length (X1), tarsometatarsus circumference (X4), maxilla length (X7), and comb height (X8) with a morphometric dissimilarity of 2.06. IPB D1 hens and native hens differ in tarsometatarsus circumference (X4) and wing length (X6), with a morphometric dissimilarity of 1.41. The Wald-Anderson classification, based on natural selection, suggests removing particular chickens that are not classified as IPB D1 and native chickens from their respective groups to produce chickens that match their characteristics.

Agouti-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior Is Mediated by Central Serotonergic Pathways in Zebrafish.

Overexpression of the agouti-signaling protein (asip1), an endogenous melanocortin antagonist, under the control of a constitutive promoter in zebrafish [Tg(Xla.Eef1a1:Cau.Asip1]iim4] (asip1-Tg) increases food intake by reducing sensitivity of the central satiety systems and abolish circadian activity rhythms. The phenotype also shows increased linear growth and body weight, yet no enhanced aggressiveness in dyadic fights is observed. In fact, asip1-Tg animals choose to flee to safer areas rather than face a potential threat, thus suggesting a potential anxiety-like behavior (ALB). Standard behavioral tests, i.e., the open field test (OFT), the novel object test (NOT), and the novel tank dive test (NTDT), were used to investigate thigmotaxis and ALB in male and female zebrafish. Results showed that the asip1-Tg strain exhibited severe ALB in every test, mainly characterized by pronounced freezing behavior and increased linear and angular swimming velocities. asip1-Tg animals exhibited low central serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) levels and high turnover rates, thus suggesting that central monoaminergic pathways might mediate melanocortin antagonist-induced ALB. Accordingly, the treatment of asip1-Tg animals with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), reversed the ALB phenotype in NTDT as well as 5-HT turnover. Genomic and anatomical data further supported neuronal interaction between melanocortinergic and serotonergic systems. These results suggest that inhibition of the melanocortin system by ubiquitous overexpression of endogenous antagonist has an anxiogenic effect mediated by serotonergic transmission.

39 Effects of feeding sun-dried bovine rumen contents on growth and carcass quality of New Zealand White rabbits

This research study aimed to investigate the impact of sun-dried bovine rumen contents (SDBRC) on the growth and linear body measurements of New Zealand White rabbits. The experimental rabbits (n=12) were selected from four New Zealand White bucks and subsequently allocated into three distinct treatments, each with specific dietary compositions. The control group was provided with a standard diet of rabbit pellets, while the experimental groups received rabbit pellets supplemented with 30% (Treatment A) and 40% (Treatment B) of SDBRC. All animals were subjected to consistent and meticulous livestock management practices throughout the 12-week experimental period. There were no significant differences in the growth of rabbits given rabbit pellets and 30% SDBRC. However, the live weight gain and final weights of rabbits on 40% SDBRC inclusion were significantly lower than the 30% SDBRC inclusion and the control (P&lt;0.05). Parameters, such as total feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and dressing percentage were not significantly different (P&gt;0.05). The linear body measurements (heart girth, body length, and abdominal circumference), were not significantly (P&gt;0.05) influenced by dietary variations. Carcass weight for the rabbits on 40% SDBRC inclusion was significantly lower than for rabbits on the control and 30% SBDRC inclusion diets (p=0.001). Other carcass parameters such as meat colour and pH exhibited no significant differences across all three treatments (p&gt;0.05). These findings highlight the promising potential of incorporating SDBRC into rabbit diets, particularly up to 30%, without compromising growth performance and carcass characteristic.

Growth Traits as Predictors of Body Weight in Sheep: A Review

The sheep production industry affects most rural areas and communal farm enterprises in the tropics and sub-tropics as a source of income. The motivation behind the present literature review was to provide detailed literature from various sources on the estimation of body weight from the growth traits of sheep. The review was conducted to highlight the importance of body weight and the significance of growth traits (heart girth, withers height, body length, sternum height, and rump height) as parameters to predict body weight. The main reason for livestock practice is to ensure food security. Therefore, it is important to assess economic traits and determine the carcass merit of sheep. Linear body measurement is a practical, fast, easy, and cheap method broadly utilized in national breeding programs to predict body weight and improve meat productivity in rural areas. The current review indicated that growth traits could be used to predict the body weight of sheep since they importantly provide necessary information about the morphological structure and potential development of the animals.

Linear body measures to predict the live weight of creole goats in Northeastern of Mexico

Linear body measures to predict the live weight of creole goats in Northeastern of Mexico

Gastrotomia para remoção de corpo estranho linear em cão

In the routine of small animal veterinary clinics, the ingestion of foreign bodies, such as pieces of fabric, shoelaces, ropes, balls, bones and toothpicks, is common. Depending on the case and the amount ingested, they may pass normally in the feces or may require surgical intervention to remove. Symptoms can be broad, mainly including the occurrence of vomiting, lack of appetite and apathy. For the correct diagnosis of the disease, a combination of factors such as anamnesis, symptoms and the results of complementary tests such as radiography and ultrasound, must be taken into account. This work aims to report a case of a linear foreign body removed by gastrotomy in a dog.

Section force calculation in flexible substructures modelled by wind turbine design tool Bladed

Aeroelastic simulation tools are widely used to predict the coupled response for onshore, offshore and floating wind turbines. A key output of the analysis is the section forces in the flexible substructures, such as blades, towers, and floating foundations. Individual substructures are typically modelled as a single linear flexible body, which is a part of a multibody system used for modelling the complete wind turbine. However, in some floating foundation concepts, in particular those with pre-tensioned cables, geometric non-linearities in the substructure can have a significant effect. With the conventional method for calculating section forces, such non-linearities are not captured accurately. In this paper, a new equilibrium-based method for calculation of section forces is presented, as part of the wind turbine design tool Bladed. This method relies on equilibrium between the section forces and the applied loads. The section forces are determined in terms of Lagrange multipliers, which represent the internal constraint forces in the structural elements. This method is valid even when significant geometric non-linearities are present, with reduced order models, and for statically indeterminate substructures. A case study is presented demonstrating the self-consistency of the new method for the OC4 semi-submersible floating platform, modified to include pre-tensioned cables. A verification against ANSYS is also presented for some elementary cases.