Line Motion Illusion Research Articles

視覚的・聴覚的注意と身体傾斜の同時測定による注意が傾斜方向に与える影響の解析

The direction of body sway induced by neck dorsal muscle stimulation can provide useful insights into roles of sensory information in human postural control. Previous studies suggest the existence of a common brain mechanism to determine the body sway direction in response to the muscle stimulation. However, in those studies, direct evidence has not been obtained because of the limitation of experimental techniques. In this paper, experimental methods were proposed to simultaneously measure attention and body sway direction, aiming at obtaining more direct evidence. Line-motion illusion was employed to estimate visual-attention while binaural separation hearing test was used to estimate auditory-attention. The experimental results indicated that the body sway directions were significantly different in different condition of attention. These results demonstrated that the direction of the attention plays an important role in determining the direction of body sway.

Audiovisual Competition in the Line Motion Illusion

Audiovisual Competition in the Line Motion Illusion

TMS over the right parietal cortex disrupts audiovisual binding in the line motion illusion

TMS over the right parietal cortex disrupts audiovisual binding in the line motion illusion

Remapping of the line motion illusion across eye movements

Although motion processing in the brain has been classically studied in terms of retinotopically defined receptive fields, recent evidence suggests that motion perception can occur in a spatiotopic reference frame. We investigated the underlying mechanisms of spatiotopic motion perception by examining the role of saccade metrics as well as the capacity of trans-saccadic motion. To this end, we used the line motion illusion (LMI), in which a straight line briefly shown after a high contrast stimulus (inducer) is perceived as expanding away from the inducer position. This illusion provides an interesting test of spatiotopic motion because the neural correlates of this phenomenon have been found early in the visual cortex and the effect does not require focused attention. We measured the strength of LMI both with stable fixation and when participants were asked to perform a 10° saccade during the blank ISI between the inducer and the line. A strong motion illusion was found across saccades in spatiotopic coordinates. When the inducer was presented near in time to the saccade cue, saccadic latencies were longer, saccade amplitudes were shorter, and the strength of reported LMI was consistently reduced. We also measured the capacity of the trans-saccadic LMI by varying the number of inducers. In contrast to a visual-spatial memory task, we found that the LMI was largely eliminated by saccades when two or more inducers were displayed. Together, these results suggest that motion perceived in non-retinotopic coordinates depends on an active, saccade-dependent remapping process with a strictly limited capacity.

Dyslexia and the assessment of visual attention

AbstractVisual stream segregation has been proposed as a method to measure visual attention in dyslexia. Another task proposed to do this is the line-motion illusion. Both tasks, it is observed, can be carried out with spatially distributed stimuli. This, however, appears inconsistent with these tasks being linked speci?cally to attentional processes since this would require them to spatially focus cognitive resources. Also, both line-motion and visual stream segregation involve the perception of movement raising the possibility that what is actually measured by these tasks is not attention but some aspect of motion perception.

Amplitude Spectra of Line-Motion Stimuli

The line-motion illusion has been regarded as the result of attention. An alternative interpretation is that the illusion is related to apparent motion which would predict the stimuli to contain motion energy associated with the direction of the illusory motion. In order to examine this possibility Fourier transforms of x-t plots of line-motion stimuli were generated under a variety of conditions. The sums of amplitudes associated with movement in the directions away from the cue relative to that towards the cue were compared to previously published psychophysical observations. It was found that the amplitude sums are largely consistent with the psychophysical results. In the few cases where there were discrepancies between results based on amplitude spectra and psychophysical findings, these discrepancies could be accounted for by making relatively simple and plausible assumptions. The present observations suggest that motion energy may be sufficient to account for the line-motion illusion.

Illusory motion perception in blindsight

Motion detection is typically spared in blindsight, which results from damage to the striate cortex (area V1) of the brain that is sufficient to eliminate conscious visual awareness and severely reduce sensitivity to luminance contrast, especially for high spatial and low temporal frequencies. Here we show that the discrimination of motion direction within cortically blind fields is not attributable to feature tracking (the detection of changes in position or shape), but is due instead to the detection of first-order motion energy (spatiotemporal changes in luminance). The key to this finding was a version of the line motion illusion entailing reverse-phi motion in which opposing motion directions are simultaneously cued by motion energy and changes in stimulus shape. In forced-choice tests, a blindsighted test subject selected the direction cued by shape change when the stimulus was presented in his intact field, but reliably selected the direction cued by motion energy when the same stimulus was presented in his blind field, where relevant position information was either inaccessible or invalid. Motion energy has been characterized as objectless, so reliance on motion energy detection is consistent with impaired access to shape information in blindsight. The dissociation of motion direction by visual field (cortically blind vs. intact) provides evidence that two pathways from the retina to MT/V5 (the cortical area specialized for motion perception) are functionally distinct: the retinogeniculate pathway through V1 is specialized for feature-based motion perception, whereas the retinocollicular pathway, which bypasses V1, is specialized for detecting motion energy.

Perceptual consequences of visual performance fields: The case of the line motion illusion

Perceptual consequences of visual performance fields: The case of the line motion illusion

Perceptual consequences of temporal disparities in the visual field: The case of the line motion illusion

Perceptual consequences of temporal disparities in the visual field: The case of the line motion illusion

Saccadic eye-movements reduce but do not eliminate the line-motion illusion

Saccadic eye-movements reduce but do not eliminate the line-motion illusion

The line motion illusion: The detection of counterchanging edge and surface contrast.

A version of the line motion illusion (LMI) occurs when one of two adjacent surfaces changes in luminance; a new surface is perceived sliding in front of the initially presented surface. Previous research has implicated high-level mechanisms that can create or modulate LMI motion via feedback to lower-level motion detectors. It is shown here that there also is a non-motion-energy, feedforward basis for LMI motion entailing the detection of counterchange, a spatial pattern of motion-specifying stimulus information that combines changes in edge contrast with oppositely signed changes in background-relative surface contrast. It was concluded that (1) in addition to LMI motion, edge/surface counterchange could be the basis for perceiving continuous object motion, (2) counterchange detection is the likely basis for third-order motion perception (Lu & Sperling, 1995a), and (3) motion energy and counterchange mechanisms could be composed of different arrangements of the same spatial and temporal filters, the former detecting motion at a single location, the latter detecting the motion path between pairs of locations.

Supplemental Material for The Line Motion Illusion: The Detection of Counterchanging Edge and Surface Contrast

Supplemental Material for The Line Motion Illusion: The Detection of Counterchanging Edge and Surface Contrast

Perceived motion induced by a neglected stimulus

An illusion of motion can be induced by presenting a horizontal line suddenly between two visual markers. If one marker is briefly illuminated (the “cue”) prior to the appearance of the line, the line appears to spread from the cue toward the other marker. This is termed the line-motion illusion, and was here reliably demonstrated in a sample of elderly participants. Two patients with left hemineglect reliably reported rightward spread when the cue was on the left, despite being unable to detect the cue when presented without the line. Indeed, rightward motion following a left-sided cue was reported more reliably than leftward motion following a right-sided cue, and one patient effectively failed to report the illusion as a leftward spread at all. These results support the view that low-level mechanisms process motion in the absence of attention, but the attentional bias in neglect then inhibits the reporting of motion into the neglected side.

Perceptual consequences of visual performance fields: The case of the line motion illusion

Illusory line motion (ILM) is the illusion that a line, preceded by a small dot (cue) near one end, is perceived to shoot out from the dot even though the line is physically presented at once. Does this illusion result from a low-level motion effect, a gradient of exogenous spatial attention, or both? Given that exogenous attention speeds visual processing unequally at isoeccentric cardinal locations (M. Carrasco, A. M. Giordano, & B. McElree, 2004), we hypothesized that the contribution of attention to ILM would follow the same pattern. We characterized psychometric functions of perceived line motion direction, for 1.5 degrees stimuli with varying amounts of physical line motion (8 levels) at four cardinal locations. We used three cue conditions to separate the effects of attention from low-level motion-a single cue to draw focal attention to the stimulus location, a distributed cue with elements near all four possible stimulus locations, and no visual cue. Distributed and single cues generate identical effects along the horizontal meridian, but the effect of the single cue is progressively greater along the vertical meridian, more so at the top location ("North"). We conclude that the low-level motion explanation accounts for the majority of the canonical example of the ILM (line preceded by a single dot) effect used in our study.

Decoding spatial information in population of neurons for the ocular following response

Event Abstract Back to Event Decoding spatial information in population of neurons for the ocular following response Laurent Perrinet1* 1 INCM, CNRS, France Short presentation of a large moving pattern elicits an Ocular Following Response (OFR) that exhibits many of the properties attributed to low-level motion processing such as spatial and temporal integration, contrast gain control and divisive interaction between competing motions. Similar mechanisms have been demonstrated in V1 cortical activity in response to center-surround gratings patterns measured with real-time optical imaging in awake monkeys. More recent experiments of OFR have used disk gratings and bipartite stimuli which are optimized to study the dynamics of center-surround integration. We quantified two main characteristics of the global spatial integration of motion from an intermediate map of possible local translation velocities: (i) a finite optimal stimulus size for driving OFR, surrounded by an antagonistic modulation and (ii) a direction selective suppressive effect of the surround on the contrast gain control of the central stimuli.We explore here an hypothesis where this could be understood as the effect of a recurrent prediction of information in the velocity map. In fact, in previous models, the integration step assumes independence of the local information while natural scenes are very predictable: Due to the rigidity and inertia of physical objects in visual space, neighboring local spatiotemporal information is redundant and one may introduce this a priori knowledge of the statistics of the input in the ideal observer model. We implement this in a realistic model of a layer representing velocities in a map of cortical columns, where predictions are implemented by lateral interactions within the cortical area. First, raw velocities are estimated locally from images and are propagated to this area in a feed-forward manner. Results show that this simple model is sufficient to disambiguate characteristic patterns such as line endings in the Barber-Pole illusion. Due to the recursive network which is modulating the velocity map, it also explains that the representation may exhibit some memory, such as when an object suddenly disappears or when presenting a dot followed by a line (line-motion illusion). Conference: Neuroinformatics 2009, Pilsen, Czechia, 6 Sep - 8 Sep, 2009. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Computational neuroscience Citation: Perrinet L (2019). Decoding spatial information in population of neurons for the ocular following response. Front. Neuroinform. Conference Abstract: Neuroinformatics 2009. doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.11.2009.08.119 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 25 May 2009; Published Online: 09 May 2019. * Correspondence: Laurent Perrinet, INCM, CNRS, 13331 Marseille, France, laurent.perrinet@univ-amu.fr Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Laurent Perrinet Google Laurent Perrinet Google Scholar Laurent Perrinet PubMed Laurent Perrinet Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Unconscious perception of a flash can trigger line motion illusion

When a flash of light precedes a static line segment, an illusory motion sensation is observed with the line propagating away from the flash's location towards the opposite side (Hikosaka et al. in Vision Res 33:1219-1240, 1993). Here we report that a similar illusory motion percept can be triggered by a non-consciously perceived flash. Observers reported illusory line motion (ILM) arising from the flash's location when a stationary line was presented and the flash was not detected. The results imply that the line motion illusion does not depend on conscious awareness of the flash and suggest that processing of unconscious information can modulate the responses of the neural mechanisms involved in motion perception.

触覚における線運動錯視と視覚手掛かり刺激の影響

When a brief visual cue is presented and followed by a static bar stimulus, the bar is perceived to be drawn rapidly away from the cue end toward the uncued end (the "line-motion illusion"). Previous research has reported that this illusion is observed with the use of lateral auditory or tactile cues. The present study revealed that the same illusion can be observed when both the cue and the line are presented in the tactile modality (Experiment 1) and when the visual cue was presented prior to the tactile line (Experiments 2 and 3). These results suggest that this illusion is not limited to the visual modality. The implications of the findings for the supramodal nature and possible sources of the effect are discussed.

Attention, Dyslexia, and the Line-Motion Illusion

Dyslexic readers have been found to have a reduced line-motion illusion. This has been interpreted as evidence for an attention deficit of magnocellular origin. We show that this interpretation has severe problems: 1) to link reduced line-motion illusion to attention overlooks other factors, 2) to link the line-motion illusion specifically to the magnocellular system is problematic because the illusion can be obtained with isoluminant stimuli, 3) reduced illusory motion in dyslexic individuals may reflect sensory deficits, and 4) to link dyslexia specifically to the magnocellular system is in general problematic.

Modeling the spatiotemporal cortical activity associated with the line-motion illusion in primary visual cortex.

Our large-scale computational model of the primary visual cortex that incorporates orientation-specific, long-range couplings with slow NMDA conductances operates in a fluctuating dynamic state of intermittent desuppression (IDS), which captures the behavior of coherent spontaneous cortical activity, as revealed by in vivo optical imaging based on voltage-sensitive dyes. Here, we address the functional significance of the IDS cortical operating points by investigating our model cortex response to the Hikosaka line-motion illusion (LMI) stimulus-a cue of a quickly flashed stationary square followed a few milliseconds later by a stationary bar. As revealed by voltage-sensitive dye imaging, there is an intriguing similarity between the cortical spatiotemporal activity in response to (i) the Hikosaka LMI stimulus and (ii) a small moving square. This similarity is believed to be associated with the preattentive illusory motion perception. Our numerical cortex produces similar spatiotemporal patterns in response to the two stimuli above, which are both in very good agreement with experimental results. The essential network mechanisms underpinning the LMI phenomenon in our model are (i) the spatiotemporal structure of the LMI input as sculpted by the lateral geniculate nucleus, (ii) a priming effect of the long-range NMDA-type cortical coupling, and (iii) the NMDA conductance-voltage correlation manifested in the IDS state. This mechanism in our model cortex, in turn, suggests a physiological underpinning for the LMI-associated patterns in the visual cortex of anaesthetized cat.

Dynamics of line motion illusion reflects the anatomical and functional architecture of the early visual cortex

Dynamics of line motion illusion reflects the anatomical and functional architecture of the early visual cortex