Linier Research Articles

2015 개정 교육과정에 따른 <기본 수학> 교과서의 선분의 중점 지도에 관한 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze whether to introduce coordinates that midpoint on the line seg-ment and the learning contents that show different description methods of the <Basic Mathematics> textbooks according to the 2015 revised curriculum. Methods To do this, seven <Basic Mathematics> textbooks according to the 2015 revised curriculum were analyzed. Results First, only three of seven <Basic Mathematics> textbooks introduce the coordinates of the midpoint of the line segment. Two of these were introduced in the coordinate plane, and the other one was provided to the auxil-iary space as a hint to solve the equation problem of the circle. Second, three of the seven <Basic Mathematics> textbooks presented a problem to be solved using the coordinates of the midpoint of the line segment. In the equation of the straight line, it is presented as a problem of finding a perpendicular bisector of a line segment, and in the equation of the circle, it was presented as a problem of finding an equation of a circle given both end points of the diameter. Third, the method of describing the contents of the symmetric movement about the straight line    was different depending on whether or not it was introduced into the coordinates of the center. Conclusions Changes in the curriculum due to the nature of the mathematics subject not only affect the teaching and learning methods of that part, but also the teaching methods of other parts. Therefore, it is necessary to con-tinuously study the learning contents and changes in teaching and learning materials such as textbooks according to changes in the curriculum.

A simple method to determine electric and magnetic field lines equations using flux analysis

A simple method to determine electric and magnetic field lines equations using flux analysis

The Effect of Authoritative Parenting and Self-Esteem on Prosocial Behavior in Adolescents in Palopo City

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of low prosocial behavior among high school teenagers in Palopo City. Authoritative parenting by parents and self-esteem are supporting factors for adolescents to increase prosocial behavior. Therefore, this study aims to prove the influence of authoritative parenting and self-esteem on prosocial behavior in high school teenagers in Palopo City. This research employed quantitative research with an ex-post facto type of research with a sample of 335 teenagers. The data collection technique used an accidental sampling technique with research instruments in the form of psychological scales, namely the prosocial behavior scale, authoritative parenting scale, and self-esteem scale. The validity test used the results of factor loading, and the reliability test used Cronbach's Alpha, with a reliability coefficient value for the prosocial behavior scale = 0.910, the self- esteem parenting scale = 0.885, and the self-esteem scale = 0.890. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis techniques. The study's results show that authoritative parenting and self-esteem influence prosocial behavior in adolescents (p=0.000). Therefore, it can be concluded that authoritative research and self-esteem influence prosocial behavior in adolescents. The regression line equation is 14.204 + 0.326 X1 + 0.539 X2. The effective contribution of authoritative parenting and self-esteem to prosocial behavior was 44.8%, consisting of authoritative parenting at 17.2% and self-esteem at 27.6%.

Calculation of the order parameter and dielectric susceptibility under the electric field near the incommensurate phase in NaNO2 using Landau model

ABSTRACT Temperature dependences of the order parameters (P and Ψ) and inverse susceptibilities (χp −1 and χΨ -1 ) are calculated for the ferroelectric(FE)-incommensurate (INC) – paraelectric (PE) transitions in NaNO2 at zero (E = 0) and constant electric fields E by the Landau phenomenological model. For the calculation of the polarisation P and the order parameter Ψ, the phase line equations are fitted to the observed data (E = 0) from the literature. On this basis, E-T phase diagram including the ferroelectric, incommensurate and paraelectric phases is constructed using the observed (E-T) data for NaNO2 as reported in the literature. In the presence of the polarisation P (secondary order parameter), which has a biquadratic coupling with the Ψ (primary order parameter) in the incommensurate phase, the Landau model presented here describes the observed behaviour of the FE-INC and INC-PE transitions in NaNO2. Under constant electric fields, our predictions can be compared with the experiments. This method of calculation can be applied to some other crystals exhibiting the incommensurate phase between the FE and PE phases.

Teaching first-degree equations to students with dyslexia

The teaching of first-degree equations is a key point in secondary school curricula and requires the careful planning and selection of appropriate teaching materials. On the other hand, dyslexia, a specific learning disability, is increasingly common in the classroom. Thus, in the context of inclusion, the teaching methodology used by the mathematics teacher to present the concept of equation is a crucial factor for ensuring the equal and active participation of all students in the educational process. In this article, we present a two-month teaching intervention on first-degree equations that we carried out with forty students with dyslexia randomly divided into two classes, who were attending a special vocational high school in Greece. In one group, we used manipulative materials, while in the other group, we used traditional teaching methods. The results, which are derived from a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, showed that the students in the first group achieved better results in the final test than did the students in the second group, while at the same time, they showed increased engagement in the learning process and, to some extent, improved their social skills and gained confidence.

MODELING THE ENTRY OF AIR CONTAMINANTS INTO A ROOM

A mathematical model of air contaminant (products of human activity) inflow into the isolated air space has been developed. On the basis of the formula modified by us the simulation of human respiration with carbon dioxide, water vapor and heat emission is implemented. The model also takes into account the heat input from the human body through clothing. Applying numerical modelling ANSYS CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) on the basis of continuity equations and Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations "RANS" (Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes) the following results on air medium state change in the isolated space were obtained: - the human respiratory cycle is modelled at simultaneous heat transfer from the body surface through clothes into the studied air space; - the exponential equation of the trend line of concentration to observation time was obtained; - monitoring and rendering (visualization) of changes in concentration, temperature and relative humidity in the space under study by time along the room height was performed. These results and regularities served as initial data for solving a number of model non-stationary problems on aerodynamics and heat and mass transfer in the room. The inverse problem of general exchange ventilation was to be solved. Changes in the state of the air environment initially contaminated with carbon dioxide, heat and water vapors were studied when people were in the studied space and the supply and exhaust ventilation was operating. Of the four air change schemes planned for the study, the results for one schemes are presented in this publication. The dynamics of assimilation of excess heat, humidity and carbon dioxide made it possible to assess the efficiency of ventilation systems and to predict improvements in their energy efficiency when air parameters are brought up to standard values.

Block Programming Scratch-Based: Interactive Learning Media in the Merdeka Curriculum for Straight Line Equation Material 8th Grade Junior High School

Block Programming Scratch-Based: Interactive Learning Media in the Merdeka Curriculum for Straight Line Equation Material 8th Grade Junior High School

Development of autonomous navigation system based on neural network and visual servoing for row-crop tracking in vegetable greenhouses

Accurate navigation line localization strategy and robust path tracking control scheme are two key techniques for advancing precision agriculture and enhancing the sustainability of smart farms. In this paper, a superior and cost-effective autonomous navigation system for a visual servoing-based agricultural vehicle in the greenhouse scenario with a distinct layout of two crop rows in each ridge is presented. First, based on image segmentation techniques, a neural network model named DGLNet integrating recognition of crop rows and prediction of the effective area of the navigation line is designed. The linear equation of the navigation line we required is obtained through post-processing operations of linear fitting completed in the effective area. According to experimental results, directly teaching the neural network to learn navigation line localization features utilizes the semantic and spatial information in the feature map to establish a stronger relationship between crop rows and the navigation line, which greatly improves the generalization of the navigation line localization in the case of large-angle yaw scenarios without additional training datasets. In addition, the performance of the network is significantly enhanced by adding an attention mechanism in the backbone based on U-Net. Subsequently, a dataset of cabbage vegetable images covering a wide range of complexities in the greenhouse scenario is created, and is available to support future academic research now. Further, a path tracking control scheme based on point-feature and line-feature is proposed, which can control the agricultural vehicle using the information from camera images without the need to perform explicit localization or maintain a global map. Finally, extensive field experiments have been carried out to show that this autonomous navigation system can preserve the stability of the vehicle and ensure timely convergence of deviations in different complex scenarios, which indicates that this control scheme is reliable and robust. Meanwhile, benefit from the efficiency of this recognition algorithm and the unnecessity of the complete representation of the path in the control scheme, the system has high real-time performance in every scenario.

Establishing Clinical Trial Endpoints in Selecting Patients for RPGR Retinal Gene Therapy.

Clinical trials for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (RP) often assess retinal structure using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and function using microperimetry to evaluate initial eligibility and endpoints. Therefore, we seek to determine which parameters might be most sensitive in screening new patients for enrollment. Thirty-one patients (62 eyes) with confirmed retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) mutations attending Oxford Eye Hospital were included in this retrospective analysis. Outer retinal structure was investigated by measuring the remaining ellipsoid zone (EZ) and external limiting membrane (ELM) on OCT. Visual function was evaluated by using 10-2 microperimetry mean sensitivity. The median age of patients with RPGR was 31 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 22-39 years). For the right and left eyes, respectively, the median EZ length through the foveal section was 921 µm (IQR = 607-1570) and 865 µm (IQR = 508-1442) and median ELM length was 2056 µm (IQR = 1336-2764) and 1860 µm (IQR = 1152-2680). Similarly, the median microperimetry sensitivity (MS) was 2.0 decibel (dB; IQR = 0.4-5.4) and 1.1 dB (IQR = 0.1-5.4). Linear mixed model regression analysis showed that EZ was significantly positively correlated to ELM (P < 0.001, R² = 0.931). EZ and ELM were significantly correlated with the microperimetry sensitivity with exponential relationship (P < 0.001, R² = 0.71 and 0.72, respectively). Using the exponential equation of regression line, EZ below approximately 600 µm (RE = 637 µm, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 397-877, LE = 586 µm, 95% CI = 356-817) results in microperimetry sensitivity of approximately 0 dB. There was high degree of inter-eye symmetry for progression of EZ, ELM, and microperimetry sensitivity. Age was significantly correlated with the analyzed parameters (P < 0.001), although with low R² for each of them. EZ may comprise a surrogate biomarker for prediction of visual function in X-linked RP caused by mutations in RPGR and, in turn, identification of appropriate patients for enrollment in clinical trials. As expected, age plays a role in predicting potential biomarkers and visual function, however, it should not be used to preclude patients for gene therapy due to the poor correlation and heterogeneity of disease onset. Biomarkers of visual function in RPGR-associated RP may lead to identification of appropriate patients for enrollment in clinical trials.

Morphometrical analysis of myelinated nerve fibers: is there a room for improvement?

Despite advancements in automatic approaches for histomorphometry analysis of peripheral nerves, manual and semi-automated methods are widely utilized. Standard software functions are often unsuitable for analysis due to their irregular shapes, especially in pathological conditions. This study aims to assess the reproducibility of nerves morphometric analysis and compare results obtained using both default and new alternative algorithms. Sciatic nerves from Wistar rats (untreated and after administration of intraperitoneal hydrargyrum chloride), previously embedded in resin, were used. Morphometric analysis (diameters, myelin thickness, g-ratio, and circularity) was conducted using ImageJ on semithin sections, with axon and myelin boundaries manually outlined. Default diameters were calculated as the mean of Feret diameters, with subsequent calculations for myelin thickness and g-ratio. The alternative approach estimated diameters based on the geometric center of axons, iterating through selected coordinates; myelin thickness was obtained using line equations. In the control group, inter-rater agreement was higher or within expected reliability (0.8 ± 0.05). However, in the experimental group, myelin thickness, g-ratio, and axon circularity showed lower agreement (0.66, 0.58, and 0.68, respectively) without visible patterns on Bland-Altman plots. The alternative approach did not reveal significant differences between approaches, except for g-ratio in the control group and fiber diameter in the experimental group (p < 0.05), with effect sizes of 0.29-0.30 and 0.19-0.20, respectively. This study highlights reduced agreement among investigators analyzing nerve fibers under pathological conditions, raising concerns about the current standard measurement methods. The proposed approach, based on a single geometric center, provides more natural estimations for irregular fibers, and can be implemented in automated nerve fibers acquisition systems.

PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI GEOGEBRA PADA MATERI PERSAMAAN GARIS LURUS

The background for this community service activity is Pakis Islamic Middle School, which is one of the schools that has not yet implemented too many ICT-based learning models. This is due to the lack of projector facilities provided in each class as a medium for implementing ICT-based learning models. One learning model that is suitable to be applied based on the material being studied is to use the Geogebra application. Students can see the interpretation of graphs through the application. This service activity is carried out using the training method for trainees who are studying straight line equations. During the activity, monitoring was also carried out by the service team and evaluation through the results of test scores and questionnaires. The result of this community service activity is that the test results of the trainees found an average of 83.2. From this average, the training can be said to be successful because it is above the KKM standard in mathematics. While the value of the questionnaire was found that 92% of the training participants gave a positive response to using the Geogebra application on straight line equations. The advantages that trainees find are graphs that can be generated quickly, the GeoGebra application can provide a clearer visual experience to trainees in understanding mathematical concepts, can be used as an evaluation to ensure that the graphs that have been made are correct.

A reconfigurable narrow-band bandpass filter using electrically-coupled open-loop resonators based on liquid crystals

Abstract This paper introduces an electrically reconfigurable narrowband bandpass filter that exploits liquid-crystal technology. The filter uses two electrically-coupled open-loop resonators to produce two transmission zeros, resulting in a more compact structure than a single open-loop resonator. The spacing between resonators contributes to easy manipulation of the fractional bandwidth (FBW) and return loss. Theoretical calculations of the electrical length using multilayer microstrip line equations are presented. Experimental results demonstrate that the center frequency can be tuned from 9.70 GHz to 10.86 GHz with a maximum bias voltage of 30 V, achieving a tuning range of 11.34%. With applied bias, the maximum FBW reaches 8.10% and the maximum return loss attains 15.97 dB in each biased state.

Using Linear Algebra to Construct Anscombe’s Quartet

Summary Understanding linear regression in terms of projections leads us to a method of constructing Anscombe’s quartet. The key is the fact that we can manipulate the correlation coefficient by scaling the linear regression error, and this manipulation has no effect on the equation of the regression line.

IT-Based Media in Mathematics Learning in Elementary Schools

Technological developments are increasingly rapid; in this technological development, many interactive and effective learning media have emerged to be applied in learning. Using the literature study method, researchers want to convey learning media teachers can use or develop using current technology. Such as using the PowerPoint application to present lesson material. Digital Geoshape application to make it easier to study geometry material. GeoGebra application that can be used by students and teachers in line equation material. Adobe Animate application that can create or develop interactive learning media. Online-based PowToon media provides audiovisual media such as animated cartoons, etc. The Canva application provides presentation designs, etc., which help design learning media. Wordwall-based games are games that offer gameplay and learning features. And educational adventure games that can be used in fraction counting operation material.

Diverse soliton solutions to the nonlinear partial differential equations related to electrical transmission line

This paper introduces novel traveling wave solutions for the (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear telegraph equation (NLTE) and the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear electrical transmission line equation (NETLE). These equations are pivotal in the transmission and propagation of electrical signals, with applications in telegraph lines, digital image processing, telecommunications, and network engineering. We applied the improved tanh technique combined with the Riccati equation to derive new solutions, showcasing various solitary wave patterns through 3D surface and 2D contour plots. These results provide more comprehensive solutions than previous studies and offer practical applications in communication systems utilizing solitons for data transmission. The proposed method demonstrates an efficient calculation process, aiding researchers in analyzing nonlinear partial differential equations in applied mathematics, physics, and engineering

VALIDATION AND PARAMETRIC STUDY OF LEAN DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL HOLLOW SECTION STUB COLUMNS BY FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

In this research, a parametric study was conducted on square hollow sections (SHS) and rectangular hollow sections (RHS) columns made of a lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) grade, namely EN 1.4162. The aim was to determine structural response data due to variations of different design parameters, which is vital in designing structural members. Finite element modeling was utilized for this and the validity of the models was confirmed by comparing them with existing experimental test data. Thickness, corner radius, load eccentricity and slenderness ratio were taken as the varying parameters to study. A total of 32 columns were modeled to study with five variations for each parameter, making a total of 160 variations. For each variation, the ultimate load and the corresponding end shortening were recorded. Each parameter has some effects on ultimate load or end shortening or both except corner radius, which has no significant effect. To visualize the effect of a parameter, a trend line equation was developed by plotting the average result of all column models for each variation of that particular parameter. A linear increase in ultimate load and end shortening can be observed with an increase in column thickness, while opposite trends were witnessed with load eccentricity. Though a linear rise in end shortening was caused by the slenderness ratio, no significant change was seen in the ultimate load of the columns. The mathematical equations presented can be employed to forecast the maximum load-bearing capacity and the associated amount of end shortening when designing structural hollow sections made of LDSS.

PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ICT BERBASIS CLASSROOM DAN QUIZIZ TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI STATISTIKA

This research aims to examine the influence of classroom-based ICT learning media on students' interest in learning in statistics material for class VIII B at MTs SA Tarbiyatus Shibyan Guyangan Krucil Probolinggo. The approach applied in this research is a case study using quantitative methods. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, questionnaires, tests, and documentation. The researchers' findings identified that the results of the research that had been carried out showed that in terms of the influence of classroom and quiziz-based ICT learning media on students' interest in learning mathematics taken by research subjects with a total of 20 students in one class VIII B at MTs SA Tarbiyatus Shibyan with results obtained sig &lt; α (0.001 &lt; 0.05) then H0 is rejected, the regression line equation is accepted or the variable is the influence of classroom-based ICT learning media (X1) and quizzes (X2) on interest in learning (Y). And getting Fhit = 10.929 &gt; Ftab = 3.592 then H0 is rejected, the regression line equation is accepted or the variables X1 (Classroom Based ICT Learning Media) and And for the residual data normality test, it is found that sig &gt; α (0.116 &gt; 0.05) then H0 is rejected, there is a difference between the residual data and normal data, D_count= 0.215 &lt;〖 D〗_tabel= 0.29407 (5%) then H0 is accepted , there is no difference between residual data and normal data. So in this research developing ICT-based learning media based on Classroom and Quiz really influences students' interest in learning mathematics.

Rogue and solitary waves of a system of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations in a left-handed transmission line with second-neighbors coupling

The effects of the second-order neighbor interaction have been effective on the coherent localized waves and modulation instability spectrum. A coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived in the nonlinear left-handed electrical lattice, and the linear stability is used to formulate the modulation instability spectrum expression. Unstable modes are displayed to show symmetric lobes and increasing bandwidths under the influence of the neighbor coupling. The Benjamin-Feir instability has prospered in the network, and for weak perturbed wave numbers, the unstable modes increase. The numerical simulation is used to develop localized waves, including rogue waves with one crest and two humps, Akhmediev breathers, and other modulated structures. We notice that, for strong values of the perturbed wave number, an exponential growth of the continuous wave arises to confirm the fact that the nonlinear left-handed electrical lattice with coupling strength is opened to coherent localized waves. The long-lived nature of the obtained structures has also been demonstrated for specific times of propagation.

Analytical and fractional model for power transmission of lossy transmission line

ABSTRACT A lossy transmission line can draw current from DC source if DC voltage is applied to constant resistance. This manuscript proposes a fractional modeling of lossy transmission line based on the partial differential equations by employing Kirchoff’s current and voltage laws via Fourier analysis. The governing equation of lossy transmission line is fractionalized by means of modern fractional differential operators. The optimal solution of voltage is investigated by means of Fourier sine and Laplace transforms subject to the imposed conditions. The solutions of voltage over the transmission line have been investigated in terms of exponential and gamma functions. The comparative analysis of voltage over the transmission line through Caputo-Fabrizio and Atangana-Baleanu fractional operators has been presented for line losses on the basis of conductance, resistance and inductance for power transmission.

Susceptibility versus flexural stiffness in the stability of hybrid laminate columns with a rectangular cross section for a 1D model

Hybrid columns of FGM/FML type with inhomogeneous transverse structure perpendicular to their length are discussed. After that, laminated columns with different layups of laminate plies are discussed, with focus put on the effect exerted by many coupling of the stiffness submatrix on the lowest eigenvalue load. All columns were simply supported The study uses three methods for determining the lowest eigenvalues. The first two are analytical beam methods (i.e. 1D modelling approaches) based on the use of the Euler-Bernoulli theory. The proposed 1D methods are a generalisation of the well-known approach of determining the lowest eigenloads of isotropic columns. The first approach is to solve the eigenproblem directly from the differential equation of the deflection line. The second approach assumes that the curvature of the beam depends on the susceptibility of the beam. This is a fundamental assumption in the bending theory of beams and thin plates. The third method is the FEM (3D shell approach) which is used for the verification of the previous calculations. A comparison of the obtained results showed that the proposed 1D (one-dimensional) approach based on the full susceptibility matrix, which is the inverse stiffness matrix was as accurate as the 3D (three-dimensional) FEM shell model. The relative difference does not exceed 3%. Second 1D approach based on the stiffness matrix yields many times unacceptable differences relative to the reference results obtained by the FEM method. This comparison clearly demonstrates that an approach based on the assumption that curvature is directly proportional to susceptibility in flexural composite structures produces accurate results for all types of coupling.The existing literature extensively explores the impacts of stiffness matrix elements on both the linear and non-linear stability of laminate columns. However, there is a notable absence of studies focusing on the influence of susceptibility. This crucial aspect has been overlooked in prior studies. The present paper endeavors to fill this gap by shedding light on the influence of susceptibility, thereby emphasizing its significance in the analysis of laminate column stability.