Line Agencies Research Articles

A Phenomenological Study on the Experiences of Novice Teachers in Teaching through Induction Program

The purpose of this study was to describe novice teachers' experiences teaching through an induction program. Utilizing a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach, the study employed purposive sampling to select 7 teachers from Sta. Ana District, Davao City as participants. A focus group discussion (FGD) facilitated participants' responses. Thematic content analysis served as a method in analyzing the data. Findings revealed that novice teachers' salient experiences during the induction program were attending school-based training, as well as collaboration with colleagues. Furthermore, the participants employed self-study and peer coaching as coping strategies to successfully apply induction to their profession. The participants' educational management insights based on their experiences continued to grow professionally, as did the importance of training, coaching, and mentoring. Additionally, given the analysis and its implications, anchored on lifelong learning principles it is recommended that educators participate in the establishment of connections or linkages with other educational line agencies in order to facilitate the exchange of information concerning trends and new methods or tactics in the field of education. School leaders should encourage teachers to pursue further education, provide resources for personal study, and facilitate relevant training.

Forest fire vulnerability in Nepal's Chure region: Investigating the influencing factors using generalized linear model

The Chure region, among the world's youngest mountains, stands out as highly susceptible to natural calamities, particularly forest fires. The region has consistently experienced forest fire incidents, resulting in the degradation of valuable natural and anthropogenic resources. Despite its vulnerability, there have been limited studies to understand the relationship of various causative factors for the recurring fire problem. Hence, to comprehend the influencing factors for the recurring forest fire problem and its extent, we utilized generalized linear modeling under binary logistic regression to combine the dependent variable of satellite detected fire points and various independent variables. We conducted a variance inflation factor (VIF) test and correlation matrix to identify the 14 suitable variables for the study. The analysis revealed that forest fires occurred mostly during the three pre-monsoon periods and had a significant positive relation with the area under forest, rangeland, bare-grounds, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (P < 0.05). Consequently, our model showed that the probability of fire incidents decreases with elevation, precipitation, and population density (P < 0.05). Among the significant variables, the forest areas emerges as the most influencing factor, followed by precipitation, elevation, area of rangeland, population density, NDVI, and the area of bare ground. The validation of the model was done through the area under the curve (AUC = 0.92) and accuracy (ACC = 0.89) assessments, which showed the model performed excellently in terms of predictive capabilities. The modeling result and the forest fire susceptible map provide valuable insights into the forest fire vulnerability in the region, offering baseline information about forest fires that will be helpful for line agencies to prepare management strategies to further prevent the deterioration of the region.

Effect of Turnover Tax on Small and Medium Enterprises’ (SMEs) Growth in the Clothing Retail Industry: A Case Study of Lusaka

Taxation plays an important role in the development of every economy as well as the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of turnover tax on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Lusaka and the specific objectives were; to establish the significant effect of tax incentives on SME growth in the Zambian retail sector; to find out whether the Zambian tax system espouses the basic principles of “efficiency” and “equity” in the retail clothing industry; and to assess the effect of tax policies on SMEs business profitability in the retail clothing industry.The approach adopted was mixed method. This study was based on a survey of 72 selected clothing retail stores out of the available 4433 retail businesses in Lusaka.The sampling technique applied in this research wasjudgmental sampling. The survey was administered using 72 questionnaires which had a 100% return rate. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis and findings were presented in terms of frequencies and percentage analysis.The results demonstrated that tax incentives stimulate the growth of the business. It was also ascertainedthat ‘equity and fairness’ does not seriously affect the growth sort after by SMEs in the clothing retail industry.Additionally, this studyestablished that turnover tax significantly affects the profitability of SMEs in the clothing retail industry negatively. The study recommends that government should implement innovative incentives and enhancing policies that could help businesses deal and cope with uncertainties and different macroeconomic situations. It was also suggested that policy makers shouldsimplify the taxadministration systems to make it easier for taxpayers to pay taxes willingly and easily. Furthermore, the government through the relevant line agencies should provide an enabling environment and social services that support business profitability. This paper, therefore, is a strong line of policy advocacy on the imperative need for government through the Ministry of Finance and National Planning along with its line agencies to entrench tax policy incentives (not only in respect to the subject matter subsector of this study)which do not only incentivize the SMEs ecosystem but equally give growth, sustainability and profitability of these entities for the overall socio-economic development of the nation. This is the surest way of guaranteeing job creation, poverty and inequality reductions amongst the masses of Zambia, who are lamentably wallowing in the paradox of abject poverty in the land of plenty.

Flood susceptibility modeling using geo-morphometric ranking approach in Jhelum River basin, Pakistan

This study is modeling flood susceptibility in Jhelum River Basin by employing Geo-Morphometric ranking approach. The study area is located in the Monsoon region and exposed to heavy rainfall events. Every year monsoon rainfall and melting of snow and glaciers together generate flash floods in the upper catchment and then riverine flood in the low-lying areas. Watershed modeling approach is used to delineate the Jhelum watershed and its sub-watershed. Advance Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model (GDEM) is utilized as input data in ArcMap software environment. Then Geo-Morphometric ranking model is applied to rank the susceptibility of each sub-watershed to flood. The analysis showed that geo-morphometric characteristics vary from basin to basin. There are 44 sub-basins which cover area less than 1000 ​km2. The area of sub-basins ranges from 47.68 ​km2 to 7667.77 ​km2. Based on our results, area of sub-basin directly impacts flood susceptibility. Geo-morphometric parameters such as gradient, relief and geology of basin such as type of bed rock govern the drainage pattern. The results of the study can assist line agencies and concerned government departments to design location specific flood risk reduction strategy.

Problems Encountered in the Implementation of the Citizen’s Charter: The Case of 4th District, Camarines Sur, Philippines

Stakeholders’ feedback is one contributing factor in the attainment of an organization’s objectives. It clearly identifies strengths and weaknesses and other corrective measures to improve the implementation of public policies and programs. The study delved into the problems encountered in the implementation of the Citizen’s Charter and recommendations for the improvement of its implementation in the 4th District, Camarines Sur, Philippines. Using thematic analysis, three themes were generated from forty-five (45) interviewees composed of frontline service providers and users from the Local Treasury, Business Permit and Licensing Office, and Engineering Office of LGUs Tigaon, Goa, and Lagonoy, Camarines Sur. These themes are 1) Knowledge/Attitude, 2) Clarity of procedures/flow of transactions, and 3) Structural barriers. Specifically, the findings revealed that service users are not aware of the Citizen’s Charter, lack understanding of its purpose and procedures, the procedures in the Citizen’s Charter are not followed during actual transactions, there are delays in the flow of transactions, problems in the queuing system, and structural designs hamper the clearness of instructions from the frontline service providers. The study recommends that LGUs, CSC, and other line agencies sternly monitor the Citizen’s Charter implementation vis-à-vis, conduct awareness programs and capacity building, implement procedural innovations, address structural barriers, and conduct continuous research and extension activities of academic and field practitioners.

Implementation of the Citizen’s Charter of Frontline Service Providers in the 4th District, Camarines Sur, Philippines

The passage of RA 11032 or Ease of Doing Business for Efficient Government Service Delivery Act of 2018 aims to improve services by re-engineering, simplifying requirements and procedures, and promptly responding to the needs of the public. However, its passage did not result in salutary gains. The study evaluated the Citizen’s Charter compliance of the Local Government Units in the 4th District of Camarines Sur. Specifically, it has two objectives: 1) to evaluate the compliance of the local government units in 4th District, Camarines Sur with the information requirements of the Citizen’s Charter as provided by RA 11032, 2) to obtain feedback on its implementation in terms of visibility, clarity of content, usefulness, and actual compliance. The study is Descriptive-Evaluative. Participated by 161 respondents composed of the key officials, frontline service providers, and service recipients from the Local Treasury, Business Permit and Licensing, and Engineering Offices of Tigaon, Goa, and Lagonoy, Camarines Sur. Purposive sampling technique was used in choosing the key officials and frontline service providers while convenience sampling was used in choosing the service recipients. The study used site observation scoring guide, 4-point Likert scale questionnaire and interviews. The study found that the required information in the Citizen’s Charter of the study areas did not meet the CSC Report Card Survey passing mark of 8.4 or 70% using the scoring rubric. Conversely, the three groups of respondents strongly agree that the Citizen’s Charter is implemented in terms of visibility, clarity of content, usefulness, and actual compliance of the Citizen’s Charter. Thus, a disparity between the Likert survey results and interviews during the validation of data was found. Service recipients are not aware of the Citizen’s Charter. The routine procedures of doing business with the service providers enable the service recipients to transact even without knowledge about the same. The study recommends LGUs, CSC and other line agencies to strengthen the implementation of the Citizen’s Charter through awareness programs, capacity building, updating of the Citizen’s Charter, monitoring of its implementation, and continuous research and extension undertakings of academic and field practitioners.

Evaluation and Effectiveness of River Training Works with Special Focus on Tinau River in Rupandehi District of Nepal

Flood in Tinau River is very common since past decades. It has damaged several houses, cultivated land and live stocks in the past and continues till the date. Hundreds of hectares of cultivated lands have been deposited with sand and debris making the land unsuitable for farming. The governments of Nepal and local bodies have been launching projects for flood control. Various types of structures were built in the past. Millions of Nepalese Rupees have been invested for river training works. However, the river training works is not functioning well. This study was conducted during the period from March 2019 to April 2020. The objective of this study is to evaluation the effectiveness of river training works with especial focus on Tinau River in Rupandehi district of Nepal. Field observation, in-depth interview, focus group discussion and questionnaire survey were the major tools used for the field investigation. The study found that the extraction of river bed materials and unmanaged catchment area are also the causes of the ineffectiveness of the river training works. It also includes lack of monitoring and supervision, socio-political pressure and lack of enforcement of law and policies. Similarly, some other causes are inadequate co-ordination between line agencies, inadequate plan and policies and lack of awareness are the minor causes of ineffective river training works. Furthermore, inadequate maintenance of built up structures, irresponsible of beneficiary group, unmanaged population growth at catchment area were also found causes behind sustainability of the river training works. The study would like to suggest that the river bed extraction should be conducted in a balanced way. And, hydrological, geological and geotechnical studies should be conducted in detail before design of the river training structures.

Financial Ethics and Performance of Kenyan Small and Medium Commercial Banks

Purpose: Past empirical investigations on financial ethics have failed to provide an empirical analysis of the primary unethical banking practices prevalent in Kenya’s banking industry, or the perceptions of banking professionals on the type of concerns they believe might be influencing their resolution making. This study aimed at investigating the impact of ethical financial practices on the financial performance of small and medium banks in Kenya. The specific objectives of this research were to; analyse the effect of insider abuse and to investigate the effect of predatory lending on financial performance of small and medium sized commercial banks in Kenya.&#x0D; Methodology: The research was informed by the Ethical Egoism Theory which predisposes that people should entirely act in their self- interest. The study involved 124 heads of key functional units of the 33 small and medium banks in Kenya that were operational at the time of the study. From the target population of 124 bank managers, a proportionate stratified sample of 94 bank managers was selected for the study using Cochran and Snedecor (1989). Utilizing both primary data, the study applied a semi-structured questionnaire as the main research instrument. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis using the 23rd version of SPSS. From the analyses, the independent variables (predatory lending and insider dealings) moderately influenced the dependent variable (ROA and ROE) with an adjusted R2 = 0.025.&#x0D; Findings: From the findings, the Multiple Determination Coefficient (R2) was 0.056 meaning that linear regression of “Low fit goodness” explains only 5.6% of the variation in the economic performance of the small and medium banks in Kenya. To establish the cumulative effect of the variables of prediction on the dependent variable, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine and analyse the effects of interaction. The study concluded that, a number of insider dealings and predatory banking practices still prevail among the small and medium Kenyan banks despite the ongoing reforms in the banking sector.&#x0D; Recommendations: The study recommends that commercial banks and other financial institutions in Kenya invest more in establishing systems that promote financial ethics in their service delivery to build their core competency in the dynamic market. At policy level, this study proposes that the Central Bank of Kenya, the Treasury and, other line agencies fast-track the fiscal reform agenda with regards to prudential banking and financial service delivery to mitigate the influence of systemic supervisory weaknesses.

CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES OF SALT FARMING IN OCCIDENTAL MINDORO, PHILIPPINES

This study drew the profile of the salt farm owners and farmers in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines; their salt production characteristics in terms of salt farm size, material used for salt beds and intended use of the salt produced and post-harvest practices. It also identified the constraints and challenges faced by the salt farm owners and farmers. Key Informant Interview using an interview guide was used to gather data from 52 salt farm owners/farmers. Results of the study indicate that the salt farm owners and farmers are males, between 41-55 years old married and belong to large households. The salt production area is 10 hectares or less, clay (from Vigan) and stones are used to line the crystallizers, and salt produced include agricultural grade salt for the coconut fertilization, yellow quality raw salt for bagoong and dried fish production, cleaning purposes, green quality raw salt for human consumption, iodized salt for human consumption (table salt), washed and refined salt for human consumption (table salt) and food industries (chips, biscuits). Findings of the study also revealed that majority of the salt farmers did not own a warehouse to store their salt and used sacks to package the salt. It is recommended that the Occidental Mindoro Salt Industry Road Map be translated into reality by providing government support to the industry in the form of research and development projects and programs on salt production, post-harvest, logistics and marketing strategies, provision of loan facility to augment capitalization and encourage industry-academe and government line agencies collaboration for an inclusive Occidental Mindoro Salt Industry revitalization.

Expert-analytical Support of Foreign Policy Activities

The article presents the final results of the project studying the system of expert and analytical support for foreign policy decisions. The project is devoted to conducting a survey and a set of interviews with employees of government bodies (leaders and chief specialists) who are involved in the process of preparing and making foreign policy decisions. The article contains the officials’ assessment of the main challenges when interacting with the scientific and expert community, as well as a "desired image" of such interaction.The study was held in two stages (stage I in February-October 2020, stage II-in January-August 2021) in the form of a survey with a set of follow-up interviews for a more detailed interpretation of the data obtained. The interviewees included 24 employees of federal executive bodies (the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia and Rossotrudnichestvo; departments of international cooperation of line ministries, agencies and services); offices of the chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (departments providing international and inter-parliamentary cooperation). All participants of the study are in positions of the "managers" category or are part of the group of "chief specialists", that is, they have experience in decision-making process and/or in elaborating them. The survey and interviews were anonymous. The research is within structural-functional, institutional and regulatory approaches. The authors note that informational materials with low level of generalization and lacking recommendations and forecasts will never replace genuine analytics and expertise. Given the development of artificial intelligence, generalizing information will be automatized. As a result, expertise has to be of better quality.

The Local Government System in Bangladesh: An Anatomy of Perspectives & Practices

Bangladesh inherited a colonial model of local government system as it was under the rule of the British Raj and Pakistan for 190 and 24 years respectively. As matter of fact, several attempts have been taken during various regimes since independence for strengthening local governments through decentralization. Despite those efforts, it has been broadly criticized for its over-centralization. Nonetheless, over the last few years, the country has been seen to go through some major reform efforts in strengthening the role and capacity of local government institutions (LGIs). More specifically, a range of decentralization programs and projects have been undertaken through the collaborative efforts of government and development partners. On this backdrop, this study attempts to analyze the local government system in Bangladesh, with the intent to identify whether the current local government system is constraining the performance of local governments. The study is qualitative in nature and data has been collected by reviewing various secondary sources adopting content analysis techniques. Drawing on the shreds of evidence from the available literature, the study argues that despite the recent decentralization initiatives, the current local government system in Bangladesh is in no way facilitating the pathways for the effective local governance of LGIs. Rather its functioning is inhibited for various underlying factors like- excessive deconcentration and delegation with limited devolution; Interfering role of MPs in local governance; conflicting functional assignment of LGIs and line agencies; inadequate resource mobilization and high central dependency; a dearth of adequate staffing in LGIs and absence of coherent legal framework.

Assessment of Human-Tiger Conflict and its Community Based Mitigation Efforts in Madi Valley of Chitwan District, Nepal

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Human fatalities and livestock depredation are the ultimate manifestation of human–tiger conflict (HTC). It is one of the major challenging issues that need to be sorted out where such incidences occur frequently. This study aimed to investigate the status of HTC and mitigation measures adopted by local communities in Madi valley adjacent of Chitwan National Park (CNP). Data were collected through household interviews (n=52, including 25% victim’s households), direct field observation and CNP archive records from 2014 to 2018. This study revealed that average livestock depredation was 15.60 (n=78, mean=5.06, SE±1.66) animals per year and among them goats were highly depredated animals (n=39, mean=7.80, SE±2.33). It also showed that livestock depredation trend increased at the rate of 4.1 animals per year but that of human casualties decreased at the rate of -0.3 persons per year during 2014 to 2018. Predation proof corrals, mesh wire fencing, traditional fencing using white cloths andlivelihood diversifications were the major local mitigation efforts adopted by local people. However, detailed studies on effectiveness of locally adopted mitigation techniques along with further investment to implement them from government line agencies and conservation partners are suggested for strengthening human-tiger co-existence in the study area.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

New State Structure and Agriculture Governance: A Case of Service Delivery to Local Farmers in the Eastern Gangetic Plains of Nepal

Under the new constitution adopted in 2015, Nepal embraced the federal structure of government comprising seven provincial and 753 local governments, each with their own legislative, judicial, and executive powers. Nepal’s agriculture sector provides livelihoods to about 60% of the population. However, its bottlenecks are rooted in poor implementation of agricultural policies and plans, low levels of investment, uncertain political commitment and weak governance, especially a lack of an effective service delivery mechanism to farmers. This study analyzed the impacts of federalism on the institutional arrangements and governance of the agriculture sector through both review of literature and field-level information gathering, particularly focusing on extension service delivery to farmers in Province 2. The findings highlight the impacts of federalism on agricultural governance mainly in functional overlapping, resource allocation, priority setting, coordination, human resource management, and extension service delivery. The lack of coordination and collaboration between the three tiers of government and the line agencies results in less-effective extension service delivery, especially in providing integrated, specialized technical services to farmers which is the main responsibility of local governments. Lack of poor understanding of governance, institutionalization, and human resources management is found to be one of the most serious problems with the provincial and local governments. The consequences are that despite a huge potential to improve service delivery leading to increased production and a market surplus, the province remains food-deficient and lacks food and nutrition security. The study recommends a strong political commitment, better policy and institutional coordination and coherence, and good governance in all tiers of government by providing demand-driven agricultural services leading to higher cropping intensity and productivity potential for which it is well recognized.

Social and Economic Implications of Old Age Allowance in Nepal: A Study of Kathmandu District (Ward Number 33)

Our assumption was that the Old Age Allowance (OAA) in Nepal should have helped in lessening at least some of the financial burdens of its recipients while also enriching their social status and honor as senior citizen. Based on this assumption and the limitations of time and money, Ward Number 33 of Kathmandu District was selected as a study site for our research with an objective of exploring and identifying key implications of OAA specifically on the social and economic life of elderlies. The findings of this study are the outcomes of the analysis of data obtained through fifty face to face household surveys and direct observation of the first author of this study over five months of fieldwork in 2013. The study results revealed moderate implications of OAA with greater insinuations on economic compared to social life. Majority of the respondents deemed for a significant increment in the amount of the OAA for its better outcomes. The value of Nepalese Rupees (Nrs.) 500 (OAA in 2013) was considered very nominal by all participants. Participants also argued that the elderlies should receive decent discounts or concessions at least in all modes of public transportation and in government health facilities. We strongly recommend that the ministries of Nepal such as, Finance, Home and Local Development and their line agencies must undertake timely reviews and rigorous evaluations of the effectiveness of OAA in compliance with the principles of social security system to ensure social security benefits of the senior citizens in the country.&#x0D; Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-4: 248-255

GIS-based flood hazard mapping using relative frequency ratio method: A case study of Panjkora River Basin, eastern Hindu Kush, Pakistan.

Flood is the most devastating and prevalent disaster among all-natural disasters. Every year, flood claims hundreds of human lives and causes damage to the worldwide economy and environment. Consequently, the identification of flood-vulnerable areas is important for comprehensive flood risk management. The main objective of this study is to delineate flood-prone areas in the Panjkora River Basin (PRB), eastern Hindu Kush, Pakistan. An initial extensive field survey and interpretation of Landsat-7 and Google Earth images identified 154 flood locations that were inundated in 2010 floods. Of the total, 70% of flood locations were randomly used for building a model and 30% were used for validation of the model. Eight flood parameters including slope, elevation, land use, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), topographic wetness index (TWI), drainage density, and rainfall were used to map the flood-prone areas in the study region. The relative frequency ratio was used to determine the correlation between each class of flood parameter and flood occurrences. All of the factors were resampled into a pixel size of 30×30 m and were reclassified through the natural break method. Finally, a final hazard map was prepared and reclassified into five classes, i.e., very low, low, moderate, high, very high susceptibility. The results of the model were found reliable with area under curve values for success and prediction rate of 82.04% and 84.74%, respectively. The findings of this study can play a key role in flood hazard management in the target region; they can be used by the local disaster management authority, researchers, planners, local government, and line agencies dealing with flood risk management.

Determinants of Loan Repayment of Government Funding to Vulnerable Groups; A Case of Biashara Fund in Kiambu County, Kenya

In an attempt to alleviate poverty and empower the vulnerable population, many non- governmental organizations and government line agencies have provided revolving funds to its citizens. The County Government of Kiambu introduced Biashara Fund to empower its youth. The major challenge has been identifying the most deserving beneficiary and minimizing the risk of loan non-repayment. Such, has however not been possible as at times, the rate of defaulters has been reported to be substantially high, leading to writing off such debts at the expense of the revolving funds. The role of the government in providing start-up funds and ensuring sustainability is crucial. Ideally when such funds are borrowed, it is expected that they are repaid in order to empower another beneficiary thus creating a revolving fund and ensuring sustainability of the fund. However, this is often not the case as change of the government of the day at times leads to higher default rate of such funds. This study focused on determinants affecting loan repayment of government funding to venerable groups, a case study of Biashara Fund in Kiambu County, Kenya. The study specifically evaluated the influence of amount of credit borrowed, legislation put in place on loan repayment, borrowing process set and group leadership on loan repayment of government funding to venerable groups accessing Biashara Fund in Kiambu County. Descriptive survey was adopted for this study. The study targeted youth, women and persons with disability with emphasis on 60 groups and 865 individuals drawn across the 10 sub-counties in Kiambu County. The target category had advanced loans by the Biashara Fund from 2014 to 2017. A sample of 274 participants was used and was selected using stratified and simple random sampling. The study used a questionnaire as the sole primary data collection instrument. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences where both descriptive and inferential statistics were employ yed. A univariate analysis was done to get standard deviation, means frequency tables, histogram pie chart, graphs and percentages. Further inferential statistics were applied using regression analysis. The study established a relationship between group leadership and loan repayment of government funding by venerable groups accessing Biashara Fund in Kiambu County. The study findings show that there is a significant negative relationship between the amount of credit borrowed and loan repayment of government funding by venerable groups accessing Biashara Fund in Kiambu County. The study concludes that there is a relationship between loan size and capacity to repay. The study also concludes that most of the youth, women and persons with disability were partially conversant with the Biashara loan rules. Policy makers need to come up with viable interventions to stimulate and create an enabling economic environment for innovation and business competitiveness, hence inducing performance of youth, women and disabled business projects. The youth, women and disabled problem thus requires properly planned well-structured and broad based programs. The study recommends that adequate liquidity should be ensured as depositors and borrowers should be able to access funds without subjecting the institutions to solvency and attainment of acceptable rates of return. Research and academicians with an interest in entrepreneurship and startup funding as they will understand the issues raised for future research.

Can the Delhi Government’s ‘Mohalla’ clinic overcome its challenges and provide quality health services to the urban poor population?

&#x0D; The ‘Mohalla’ clinics were set up by the Delhi state (provincial) government in India in 2014 to provide basic health services to people of Delhi city and its vicinity, especially targeting the urban poor. The Mohalla clinics are staffed by a doctor, a nurse, a pharmacist and a laboratory technician and theyprovide basic health services including immunisation, family planning and counselling services. The Mohalla clinic program had a good start and its operation was cost-effective; however, it is still struggling to increase its coverage to entire Delhi state as it had planned. The program got caught up in the central government and state government bureaucratic tussle, especially on the issue of acquiring land for setting up such clinics and on the implementation front due to the lack of operational plan and collaboration with the government line agencies. Thus, despite political will and funding a potentially viable urban health programmay have got stuck in the operational procedural complexities and political-bureaucratic tussle. This commentary article tries to discuss the challenges faced by the Delhi government’s ‘Mohalla’ clinics and a possible way forward to scale it up as a model urban health program.

Ex Post Analysis of Disaster Recovery (Earthquake — 2005) in the Red Zones Region of Balakot, Pakistan

The Balakot town and its surroundings were almost totally destroyed by Earthquake – 2005. The government has abandoned this town for residential purposes and declared as Red Zones Region. However, the government fully supported post disaster relief and restoration phases. The rehabilitation and reconstruction phases were carried out through community self-help-based system and partially supported by line agencies. This recovery is neither claimed by government nor desired by the community. It is the product of governments policy, interventions, local economic opportunities, and community self-help-based system. The present study will analyse each step of the recovery through study of the role of different stakeholders and its impacts on recovery process. All data sets are normalized and generalized with regression analysis. This study will generalize the complex process of recovery to reduce the risk of disasters.

Trailblazing IPEd Praxis in Mountain Province, Philippines

This study explores the praxis of Indigenous Peoples Education in Mountain Province, Philippines. The data were gathered through profiling. Likewise, interviews and Focus Group Discussions with selected IPEd experts and advocates; and, analysis of the secondary sources such as documents, reports, and pertinent provisions of the schools and line agencies in their conduct of IPEd were undertaken. The data shows that there is a strong adherence towards cultural preservation in the basic and higher education institutions, and government agencies. There have been implementation of various cultural development platforms with set mandates and organizational structures of IPEd aligned to their respective thrusts and mandates. The learning of culture is strengthened in various formal education spheres. The communities’ cultural ideals complement the learning content of modern education. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijhss.11.2.5

Practices of Human Resource Management in Tribhuvan University

Human Resource Management (HRM) has been a crucial issue for Tribhuvan University (TU) due to the presence of a high number of students and teachers within the University Structure. The main purpose of this study was to explore the practices of the HRM in the TU. I adopted socio-constructivism as a research paradigm and narrative inquiry as the research design which is qualitative in nature. It used in-depth interview technique to collect information which was supported by literature review. TU conducts its overall human resource activities in coordination with executive bodies, campus chief, and line agencies like TUSC. The executive body is responsible for the entire HRM practices and other bodies have their own peculiar functions. For Instance, TUSC conducts the job design, job analysis, selection, recruitment, and performance appraisal process in the entire TU. HRM practices are familiar to the rules and regulations of TU and adopt them.