Lincoln University Research Articles

Validation of a Remote Sampling Sensor for Measuring Urine Volume and Nitrogen Concentration in Grazing Dairy Cattle.

The purpose of this research was to validate a urine sensor (Lincoln University PEETER V2.0, Canterbury, New Zealand) that records the time and volume of urination events for dairy cows in addition to collecting a proportional urine sample from all urination events. Sixteen multiparous Holstein × Jersey mid-lactating cows (101 ± 5 days in milk, 498 ± 24.2 kg body weight, 26.2 ± 3.07 kg/d milk yield; mean ± standard deviation) were allocated herbage diets ranging in protein and sodium content to generate a range of urine volumes and urine nitrogen (UN) concentrations. Total collection of individual urination events occurred during a 72-h measurement period where PEETER V2.0 sensors were attached to cows. A mixed model ANOVA using lme4 package (version 1.1-35.5) in R (version 4.3.3) were used to compare the means. The average urine event size was 2.65 ± 1.1 L for total collection by observers and 2.68 ± 1.1 L as recorded by the sensor (mean ± standard deviation; p = 0.730). The urine nitrogen concentration was 5.76 ± 1.2 g N/L for samples collected by observers and 5.85 ± 1.3 g N/L for the samples collected by the sensor (p = 0.583). The calculated UN excretion was 156 ± 45.1 g/day for direct measurements and 162 ± 40.0 g/day for the sensor (p = 0.539. Contrasts with simultaneously measured data were undertaken using Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) and a Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Correlations between the actual values and sensor values were strong, with little to moderate variability in the urine volume (CCC = 0.936, r = 0.937; n = 222), UN concentration (CCC = 0.840, r = 0.837, n = 48) and total UN excretion (CCC = 0.827, r = 0.836, n = 24). Considering the findings, the PEETER V2.0 urine sensor has the potential to reliably measure urine volumes and UN concentrations for estimations of the UN excretion of dairy cattle under grazing systems.

Thelma Berlack Boozer: A “Forgotten First” at the School of Journalism at Lincoln University

ABSTRACT This article shows that Thelma Berlack Boozer (1906–2001) was the first Black person to hold professorial rank in a School of Journalism at a US university. The School of Journalism at Lincoln University in Missouri appointed her associate professor and acting director in 1942. She held these posts until 1944. Previous histories identify Dr. Armistead S. Pride as the first director and professor in the same school, but the historical record shows that he was not appointed until 1945. This article examines Berlack Boozer’s appointment at Lincoln and discusses why scholars have mostly forgotten her contributions to HBCU journalism education. This article also contributes to the history of journalism education in the US and to the study of the role of women in the history of the Black press and Black journalism by giving long-overdue recognition to Berlack Boozer.

The Effect of High Impact Teaching Practices on Student Comprehension

Despite a large number of published studies on high-impact teaching practices (HIP), there is little consistency in design or measurable outcomes and few quantitative studies, which leads to a lack of information on how specific HIPs improve learning outcomes. Therefore, the research questions for this study are a) does the same HIP have similar results across sections and, b) does a HIP in one section result in a different learning outcome than in another section that does not have a HIP? The hypothesis for the first question is there is no difference in student comprehension between sections when all sections have the same HIP. The hypothesis for the second question is there will be a difference in student comprehension between sections, with students exhibiting greater comprehension in the section with the HIP. For several years we have been using a variety of HIPs in our classes without measuring their impact. This is a preliminary study designed to measure the impact of HIPs on two different sections of Human Anatomy and Physiology II, taught by the same professor. The design of the study is as follows: [Formula: see text] We will analyze our data for two attributes, average and variability of pre-tests and post-tests. For the first attribute, we will study mean distribution. T-test analysis of the mean will be used to measure differences between sections for the pre-test and each post-test. Similarly, T-test analysis of the means will be used within each section to analyze differences between the pre-test and each post-test. For the second attribute, we will use F-test analysis of variance. Tests of normality of grade distribution for three assignments or tests in two sections of a typical biology class were conducted. Our analyses showed that all skewness and kurtosis values were between -2 to 2, and the median and mean were very close. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that the data are from normally distributed populations. Therefore, the approach we have outlined to measure HIP impact is appropriate for our classes. The results from this preliminary study will be used to identify specific HIPs that result in higher learning outcomes and will assist us in refining our pedagogical approach. Funding was provided by Lincoln University's Offce of Title III; Award #P031E200019-HBCU Title III, Part F Program. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Manaaki Tauira Course Enhancements Program

This paper reports on a pilot study of a course enhancements program at Lincoln University, New Zealand, designed to enhance learner success for all students, but particularly those from minority groups. The pilot study includes two phases, each of six-months duration – course redevelopment and course delivery. During the first phase, 10 academics were selected to engage in self-reflection, complete a four-week online asynchronous course, develop an action plan for course redevelopment, attend a two-day in-person workshop to implement the action plan, and meet several times with an academic development facilitator. This blended approach resulted in academics experiencing a variety of in-person and online learning activities and approaches that could be used in their own courses, and the opportunity to collaborate and share their course redevelopment journey with other academics. This paper highlights the approach taken in the pilot study and the strategies used to bring academics on the journey.

Yield and growth rates of pastures grown in the Bay of Plenty region over 35 years

Bay of Plenty district, and particularly the Rotorua Lakes area, has a diverse terrain and soil types which influence pasture production. Regular measurement of pasture production enables short term decision making on a farm scale and is invaluable for catchment,district and regional long term management strategies. Thomas (Tom) M. Gee, was a retired farmer with more than 18 years of field trial experience with MAF Field Research Division. He collected data from more than 30 farms after he retired. Data from other sites in the district were collected in the early 1970s by MAF technicians stationed in Whakatane and Tauranga and later by AgResearch staff and a farm consultant based in Rotorua. Tom Gee’s mission was to use these measurements to provide farmers with rates of growth (ROG) data to inform them about their farm. The Gee farm (Fairbank) of 200 ha was originally leased from Ngati Whakaue Tribal Lands in 1916 and then purchased before much of it was sold back to the Incorporation in 1970. Tom retired in 1989 but kept meticulously recording pasture growth rates on different farms up to ~ 2007. Some field notes were lost, but datasets with gaps are still useful to assist monthly growth rates calculations. His valuable and extensive (almost 25 years) on farm field records have been retrieved, compiled, assembled, and digitised, to be saved electronically, and entered into the AgYields National Database hosted at Lincoln University. Part of this legacy dataset has been summarised and dry matter yields and growth rates calculated, consistent withprevious methods, to provide a quantified description of mean monthly pasture growth rates across the Bay of Plenty region, in New Zealand.

O61 Lincoln University Integral Health Dairy Farm: a dairy farm designed for nutritional and environmental health

O61 Lincoln University Integral Health Dairy Farm: a dairy farm designed for nutritional and environmental health

Can low input dairy systems be economically and environmentally sustainable? Results from a farmlet study.

A two-year dairy study was conducted under irrigation at Lincoln, Canterbury, comparing 1. Moderate stocking rate (MSR, 3.9 cows/ha; comparative stocking rate (CSR) of 89 kg live weight (LWT)/t DM (dry matter) offered; 150 kg nitrogen (N) fertiliser/ha/year; grain supplementation of 0.55 t DM/cow/year; wintering cows off- farm); or 2. Low stocking rate (LSR, 2.9 cows/ha; CSR of 91 kg LWT/t DM offered; grazing diverse pasture (Italian ryegrass, plantain, red- and white clover); 103 kg N fertiliser/ha/year; wintering cows on-farm). The Lincoln University Dairy Farm (LUDF; 3.4 cows/ha; CSR of 76 kg LWT/t DM offered; 169 kg N fertiliser/ha/year) was the benchmark. Milk yield, pasture production and quality data were modelled in FARMAX and OverseerFM to estimate financial and environmental performance of each farm. Performance was similar for MSR and LUDF. LSR gave the best environmental outcome across 2018/19 and 2019/20, leaching approximately 31% less N compared with MSR and LUDF. However, annual milk solids per ha were 28% less for LSR relative to MSR and LUDF. Correspondingly, the annual operating profit per ha was 35% less for LSR compared with LUDF. These financial losses can be mitigated in an LSR system if the farmer adopts more complex pasture management.

Judge rules against former director

Case name: Philmon v. Lincoln University, No. 21‐1368 (E.D. Pa. 01/19/23).

Career Ladder: Kerisha Bowen

1998–2011 Dreams of teaching Kerisha Bowen was born in Trinidad and moved to Toronto before her family finally settled in Pennsylvania. A good student, Bowen wanted to be a professor. She majored in chemistry at Lincoln University, then earned an MS and PhD in chemistry at Temple University as part of a program to help students from underrepresented groups enter academic careers. Her first job, as an assistant professor of chemistry at Penn State Brandywine, ended when a fellow professor casually used a racial slur in conversation with Bowen. The university launched an investigation, but ultimately sided with the professor. “I felt like the academic atmosphere wasn’t conscious about how diversity and inclusion mattered,” she says. Bowen eventually left for Rowan University, which she liked more. But in the end, she decided that academia wasn’t for her. 2012–16 Pivot to patents After considering her options, Bowen decided to enroll in

Traversing Perceptions on Te Araroa

Landscapes come about through two-way interaction: just as we construct a landscape through modification and story-telling, it also shapes us. Te Araroa is New Zealand’s long distance walking trail. It stretches from Cape Reinga to Bluff, encompassing many different landscapes along the way. Opened in 2011, the trail is in its relative infancy, with its distinct character still being shaped. The aim of this project is to identify ways that Te Araroa can develop deeper connections between walkers and the land, so an ethic of kaitiakitanga can be more strongly associated with the trail experience. Primarily, the project considered the living landscapes that emerge from walkers’ accounts of their journey. These were used to write place descriptions for 74 moments along Te Araroa, which are to be displayed on six annotated maps of the trail. The project also considered which walking attitudes and actions are conducive to developing place connection, and which pose barriers to doing so. The project’s findings, along with the annotated maps, may be used by the Te Araroa Trust in their approach to developing the trail. More directly, they may be used to prepare future Te Araroa walkers to set off with a readiness to greet and be greeted by Te Araroa. If walkers see the land as a living being and themselves as part of it, both walkers and te taiao o Aotearoa can be restored together. Supervised by: Professor Mick Abbott, Lincoln University and Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago.

Requiem for Naomi Long Madgett

ABSTRACT “Requiem for Naomi Long Madgett” opens with Madgett’s funeral, expressed in poetry in poetic prose. “Requiem” captures prominent moments in the last weeks of one of the most productive and influential literary figures in American culture, as it reflects on her legacy as a poet and a publisher. Madgett met Langston Hughes when she was a student at Lincoln University. He was so impressed with her poetry that he read one of her poems during his poetry reading, and he continued to mentor her literary development. The article considers this impact on Madgett’s career and contains a critical discussion of her most prominent poems as well as the release of her ninth book of poetry a few months before she died. Comments from prominent writers, in particular Detroit’s award-winning playwright and poet Bill Harris, capture the profundity of her work as a parting gift. The article also reiterates her creative production as founding editor of Lotus Press during the Black Arts Movement, a time when publishing opportunities were limited for Black writers. In tandem with Dudley Randall’s Broadside Press, Madgett’s Lotus Press made Detroit the most productive site for Black poetry production during the 1960s and ’70s.

Production of Quinoa Leafy Greens in High Tunnel for Season Extension in Missouri

There is limited information regarding the use of quinoa fresh leaves as a vegetable. Thus, the objective of this study was to promote quinoa green leaves as a vegetable, as well as to conduct a season extension feasibility study using high tunnels. The study was conducted during the spring seasons of 2020, 2021, and 2022 at the George Washington Carver farm of Lincoln University in Jefferson City, MO, USA. Three quinoa genotypes were used in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications over three years. Agronomic data and leaf nutritional analyses for young plants approximately 30 days old were evaluated. Among the three quinoa genotypes, genotype Ames 13724 gave the highest yield of leafy greens and was consistent over the three years. Additionally, the use of high tunnels served as a season extension tool by accelerating the production of quality fruits and vegetables outside typical growing seasons. The results indicated that season extension of quinoa leafy greens production in a high tunnel is possible with a three-week earlier harvest in early spring when fewer fresh vegetables are available in the markets. Farmers can increase farm income by selling this specialty vegetable in the early season for premium prices.

Inter-specificandintra-specificcomparisoninthe responses to UV-B radiation and to water deficit inTrifolium (Leguminosae)

Article2: Inter-specificandintra-specificcomparisoninthe responses to UV-B radiation and to water deficit inTrifolium(Leguminosae)/三叶草属（Trifolium）植物种间和种内对 UV-B 辐射和干旱等逆境生理的比较性研究 Author: Liu Huan, Master of Science (First Class Honours), The University of Auckland, Adviser: Hofmann, R.W., Lincoln University, New Zealand.

Measuring the performance of New Zealand universities

Education plays a crucial role in every country and contributes to economic productivity growth. The performance of public NZ universities is of broader interest, and the teaching and research labour productivity vary across NZ universities. This study is built on the work of Gemmell et al. (2017), who established quality-adjusted productivity indices for the tertiary education sector. In this presentation, I will introduce the productivity estimates across NZ universities over 2008-18 by using a range of teaching and research quality indexes to adjust both output and input amounts, as well as present a summary for alternative weights to adjust these measures. I used partial labour productivity (methodology) for this study, a ratio of a university's outputs to labour input. Valid productivity measures account for changes in the quality-adjusted teaching and research outputs, such as the use of qualification completions weighted by credit or/and income weights and citation weights from bibliometric databases. The preliminary data analysis aims to determine whether adding a quality adjustment impacts the university's labour productivity and how the impacts vary between different quality adjustments. Providing such an empirical base is crucial as a platform for further analysis that would lead to meaningful policy advice to increase university productivity. My results suggest that quality adjustments might significantly affect conclusions about labour productivity comparison. For teaching labour productivity, the University of Waikato, the University of Otago and Lincoln University all show positive annual average growth rates when qualification completions are adjusted for credit or/and income weights. Instead, Victoria University of Wellington and the University of Canterbury experienced negative annual growth in labour productivity. For research, research outputs weighted for citation rates increase labour productivity growth for all NZ universities while decelerating labour productivity growth by introducing PBRF-ranked adjusted research staff, except for Massey University.

The Impact of the Use of Information Technology on Improving Institutional Performance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (A Field Study on Engineering Consultancy Offices in Riyadh) Dr. Osamah Salem Alzahrani DBA, College of Business Administration, Lincoln University College, Malaysia Abstract: The study aimed to identify the impact of the use of information technology in improving institutional performance in the

The study aimed to identify the impact of the use of information technology in improving institutional performance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the applied aspect was devoted to engineering consultancy offices in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, to arrive at a set of results and recommendations that help in solving problems related to the study. The researcher targeted all employees, workers and stakeholders for (20) offices and engineering consultancy companies to represent the study population and (235) employees to represent the study sample. Due to the nature of the work of these offices and the presence of most of their employees in the construction sites and external workplaces, the researcher targeted 33% of the total study population, and accordingly the questionnaire was distributed to (85) workers, employees and stakeholders in the offices and engineering consultancy companies under study. The descriptive analytical approach was used, and the study relied on primary sources such as personal interviews, records, questionnaire and observation, and secondary sources such as scientific books, references, documents, official records, statistics and reports related to the subject of the study. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: The results of the study demonstrated the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the use of information technology (in its internal and external dimensions), and the improvement of institutional performance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Canopy dynamics of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes of three fall dormancies grown under contrasting defoliation frequencies

This study evaluated the canopy dynamics of three lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) genotypes of different fall dormancy (FD) ratings when grown under three contrasting defoliation regimes over five regrowth seasons at Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand. Crops were sown in October 2014 in a split-plot design with main plots as defoliation frequencies (28 days [DF 28], 42 days [DF 42] and 84 days [DF 84]) and genotypes as subplots. Genotypes varied in fall dormancy (FD) rating and were classified as dormant (cv. AgR Palatable, FD2), semi-dormant (cv. Grassland Kaituna, FD5), or non-dormant (cv. SARDI 10, FD10). All crops were grown through an establishment phase until January 2015, when defoliation treatments were imposed. The experiment terminated in May 2019. Defoliation treatments were imposed from early spring (August-September) to autumn (May) with a single clean-up graze in late June/July. Defoliation frequency x genotype interactions showed FD10 was the most productive in regrowth season 1 but least persistent and productive in regrowth season 5, particularly under the DF 28 and DF 42 treatments. Results suggest different partitioning responses amongst genotypes. In a decreasing photoperiod, the growth rate of FD2 decreased by 0.77 ± 0.07 kg DM ha−1 °Cd−1 compared with 0.67 ± 0.09 kg DM ha−1 °Cd−1 for FD5 and FD10. However, FD10 showed no response to an increasing photoperiod under the DF28 defoliation regime. The lower rate of partitioning to perennial biomass of FD10 was suggested by the rapid decline in shoot density (−0.000112 shoot m−2 °Cd−1) over time compared with − 0.000049 shoot m−2 °Cd−1 for FD2 and FD5. FD10 had heavier individual shoot mass over the last two years, but its canopy plasticity was insufficient to control the shoot size/density balance, so there was greater weed ingress. The DF 84 treatment enabled FD10 to produce > 15 t DM ha−1 year−1 over the five regrowth seasons, which was not different to FD2 and FD5. Under more frequent defoliations, FD2 and FD5 were more persistent and had higher yields than FD10.

Development of a lucerne model in APSIM next generation: 2 canopy expansion and light interception of genotypes with different fall dormancy ratings

Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) canopy expansion, as quantified by leaf area index (LAI), is the crop process that determines the amount of intercepted total radiation during each regrowth cycle. A challenge is to capture seasonal changes of canopy expansion rate in response to the environment. This research integrates parameters and functions of lucerne canopy expansion into the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) next generation (APSIM NextGen) model (LeafArea module) to simulate canopy expansion and light interception. Over 20 years of detailed field experimental datasets, with multiple treatments, from Lincoln University were used for model development. Functions derived from a fall dormancy (FD) 5 rated genotype were grown under an industry standard defoliation treatment to parametrize the model. These functions were tested further using genotypes with an FD2 or FD10 rating under longer and shorter defoliation regimes, all under irrigated conditions. The APSIM NextGen lucerne model predicted the LAI expansion pattern in each growth cycle as a double sigmoid curve requiring functions that define the lag phase, basal bud initiation, the linear leaf area expansion rate (LAER; m2 m-2 °Cd), and canopy senescence which represents the loss of LAI over time. LAI was well predicted for experiments under the standard (42-day) and long (84 day) defoliation treatments for FD5, with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.61 and 0.55. However, the derived parameters and functions overestimated LAI under an extreme short defoliation treatment (28-day), NSE values ranged from 0.38 to 0.78. LAER was lower for the short-defoliation intervals (28-day), probably due to a depletion of carbon and nitrogen reverses in perennial organs. For FD2 and FD10, different LAER functions were generated from field observed data and used to improve simulation agreement. There was fair agreement for the 84-day treatment (NSE of 0.32) and the 42-day treatment (NSE of 0.38), but poor agreement for the 28-day treatment for FD10 (NSE = −0.88). The estimated extinction coefficient (k) was the same for seedling and regrowth crops, and consistent across defoliation treatments and FD classes. With the LeafArea module and k value, the APSIM NextGen lucerne model can now estimate daily LAI and intercepted radiation. Future model development includes validating the LeafArea module in different environments. However, a more mechanistic model approach is required to link canopy expansion to carbon and nitrogen reserves in lucerne plants that experience intense defoliation.

Editor's Note

Editor's Note James C. Wadley It has been a significant amount of time since i wrote my last editorial. Within my department at Lincoln University over the past nine months or so, three of my colleagues died. Drs. Szabi Ishtai-Zee, Solomon Caudle and Ms. Rafaela Bermudez were exceptional professionals and dear friends of mine who created spaces and opportunities for our Counseling and Human Services programs. Dr. Ishtai-Zee was one of the faculty founders and contributors to the Master of Human Services program in 1977–2978. Dr. Solomon Caudle was a graduate of the Master of Human Services program years ago and returned to us as an adjunct, visiting professor, and then a tenure track assistant professor. Rafaela (Faye) Bermudez was an adjunct professor in our program and devoted several years of her professional career towards helping our students complete the process to become licensed professional counselors. All three of my colleagues are missed dearly as it has been difficult to fill the huge "shoes" that all of them maintained. Prayers and condolences to the families of these three remarkable professionals. In addition to the loss of my three professional family members, it has been challenging to manage family, life, and professional responsibilities due to COVID-19 restrictions and protocol. The COVID pandemic has influenced several different initiatives that I have been a part of within and outside of my university. Efforts have been time consuming and in some cases, overwhelming. While masks, vaccinations, and isolation helps reduce the likelihood of acquiring the virus, many people still find their lives to be significantly impacted while navigating this potentially debilitative infection. COVID restrictions also impacted ABSC organizational functioning. As a founding member of the Association of Black Sexologists and Clinicians, we managed to have our Spring Roundtable series in the U.S. Virgin Islands (St. Thomas) as well as our International Lecture Series in San Pedro (Belize) using a hybrid format. For those of us who were fortunate [End Page vii] enough to reach each destination, we were able to learn and celebrate each other's contribution to the field of Black sexuality. As you can imagine, it was difficult for all of us to get tested within a certain time period, receive a negative result before airplane boarding, and then travel safely to our destination. Fortunately, the hybrid format allowed many of our members to remain at home or other safe spaces to be a part of the conference. I am grateful for the support, care, and generosity of our sponsors who participated in the events as they were instrumental in helping us increase our attendance through scholarship. Our next ABSC International Lecture Series will be in Montreal, Quebec on October 27–28, 2022. I hope that you can attend so that we have an opportunity to learn more about your work. Over the past year or so, I decided to invite more scholars to serve as guest editors for the JBSR. After several conversations with colleagues and staff of the University of Nebraska Press, I decided to reach out to several notable scholars in the field to help facilitate and lead conversations about Black sexuality and relationships in a more expansive manner. While we (editorial board) have been successful at creating space and opportunities for scholars over the past eight years, it has become increasingly important to create space members of our community to use their own voices and construct JBSR issues that are specifically devoted to their research or clinical best practices. This initiative has been needed for some time and has allowed newer scholars to have their work published. I am grateful for the contributions of Drs. Juan Battle (CUNY), O'Shan Gadsden (Norfolk State University), Karen Sears (Denison University), Kamilah Woodson (Howard University), Jannis Moody (Texas Southern University), and Stacey Brown (University of Connecticut) for their hard work and professional expertise in shedding additional light upon the intersection of race and gender for persons across the African diaspora. The current issue of the JBSR offers us an array of learning opportunities that showcases a robust and diverse perspectives for understanding the sexual and relational experiences of Black folx. As we move towards...

Assessing effective pasture root depth for irrigation scheduling by water balance and soil moisture monitoring

AbstractThe ‘effective’ root depth of perennial ryegrass used for irrigation scheduling has substantial implications when estimating irrigation requirements. This study included field measurements of 20 percolation lysimeters with diameters and heights of 500 and 900 mm, respectively, installed on the Lincoln University Dairy Farm, Christchurch, New Zealand, to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa) based on water balance analysis for three soil depths: 500, 600 and 700 mm. Reference evapotranspiration (ETr) was estimated based on the CropWat 8 model. Perennial ryegrass height (h cm) was measured for each lysimeter. Among the three soil depths, 500 mm produced the highest regression coefficient for the crop coefficient (Kc = ETa/ETr) and h relationship. The results indicate the need to consider a 500 mm root depth to estimate irrigation requirements on this farm to achieve optimal water productivity. A noticeable fluctuation in daily soil water content for the top 500 mm soil profile, measured in time domain reflectometry probes and with an Aquaflex soil moisture sensor, also reinforces the earlier statement.

Judge rules in favor of terminated employee

Case name: Beird v. Lincoln University of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education, No. 17‐5303 (E.D. Pa. 09/17/20).