Lincoln Institute Research Articles

Defining career success: A cross-sectional analysis of health information managers' perceptions.

Career success can be defined as the accomplishment of desirable outcomes in an individual's work experiences. It can be divided into objective and subjective career success. Objective success refers to tangible and measurable outcomes such as promotions and position titles. Subjective career success relates to an individual's interpretations of their success or accomplishments. The career success of health information management professionals has not been explored in the literature. To determine the indicators of career success as reported by health information managers (HIMs) and identify whether there are any differences based on length of time in the profession. Using a cross-sectional study design, an online survey was administered to a sample of La Trobe University and Lincoln Institute of Health Sciences Medical Record Administration and Health Information Management graduates from 1985, 1995, 2005 and 2015, which included the following question: "How would you define success in your career?" Almost 88% (n = 63) of overall participants in the study responded to this item. Subjective factors (n = 77) of career success, compared to objective factors (n = 22), were more common. The categories of recognition (feeling valued/appreciated), job satisfaction and feelings of accomplishment/sense of achievement were commonly reported. Subjective factors of an individual's career success were deemed to be more significant than objective factors among HIMs. Factors such as recognition and appreciation at work, job satisfaction, fostering high-quality work outputs and creating a sense of achievement should be the major foci for managers, organisations and individuals.

Land Value Capture in the United States: Funding Infrastructure and Local Government Services (Lincoln Institute of Land Policy 2022)

Land Value Capture in the United States: Funding Infrastructure and Local Government Services (Lincoln Institute of Land Policy 2022)

Ecological Associations Between Inclusionary Zoning Policies and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prevalence: An Observational Study.

Providing an adequate supply of affordable housing has become an increasingly difficult challenge for US cities. Inclusionary zoning (IZ) policies have become an increasingly popular response. Substantial research has demonstrated the health benefits of stable, affordable housing. There is anecdotal but not systematic evidence that IZ policies may be associated with some health benefits of affordable housing. We rely on data from the 2017 500 Cities Project, the 2016 to 2017 Lincoln Institute for Land Policy survey, and the 2011 to 2015 American Community Survey. We perform bivariate tests and cluster ordinary least squares regression to examine associations at the municipal level between having inclusionary zoning (IZ) policies, the attributes of those policies, and the prevalence of several cardiovascular outcomes. Cardiovascular outcomes and socioeconomic characteristics were uniformly better in cities with IZ policies. IZ policies were associated with lower blood pressure (95% CI, -0.50 to -0.13), cholesterol (CI, -0.89 to -0.31), and blood pressure medication (CI, -0.57 to -0.03) prevalence. Some characteristics of IZ programs such as being mandatory, prioritizing rental development, and allocating a larger share of affordable housing are associated with cardiovascular risk prevalence. Characteristics of IZ programs that ultimately benefit low-income residents are associated with favorable municipal-level cardiovascular health. Further, IZ policies could potentially address complex health challenges among economically vulnerable households.

Putting collaborative leadership into practice: The role of peer learning

Learning and exchange among peers (“peer learning”) is an important process shaping and enabling landscape conservation and stewardship. As a practice that connects practitioners working at the landscape scale within and across regions—and that dedicates time and resources to supporting meaningful exchange—peer learning builds and strengthens the relationships at the core of the collaboration and partnership that are central to meeting shared goals and needs. This article explores peer learning and its role in learning, demonstrating, and building collaborative leadership. It also offers two examples of peer learning initiatives and their on-the-ground outcomes: the Large Landscape Peer Learning Initiative, a program coordinated by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy to bring together an international group of landscape conservation practitioners for shared problem-solving; and the Landscape Conservation Catalyst Fund Program, an initiative of the Network for Landscape Conservation to create a learning-exchange community among grantees to support the development of place-based partnerships.

Commonwealth of Compromise: Civil War Commemoration in Missouri by Amy Laurel Fluker

Reviewed by: Commonwealth of Compromise: Civil War Commemoration in Missouri by Amy Laurel Fluker Antoinette G. van Zelm (bio) Commonwealth of Compromise: Civil War Commemoration in Missouri. By Amy Laurel Fluker. (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2020. Pp. 288. Cloth, $35.00.) Amy Laurel Fluker's Commonwealth of Compromise is an excellent contribution to the prolific recent scholarship on Civil War memory. Focusing on a border state whose moderate citizenry became sharply divided during the war, Fluker argues that Missouri's history and unique wartime situation resulted in a distinctive commemorative tradition highlighted by pragmatic reconciliation. Readers will quickly note that Fluker explicitly steers away from the emphasis on irregular warfare that has dominated scholarship on the Civil War in Missouri over the past three decades. While not denying the importance of the guerrilla story, Fluker contends that the ongoing focus on it has led to an overemphasis on Missouri's connection to the South in both the antebellum and postbellum periods. Fluker instead identifies Missourians as westerners above all else and argues that, as such, they exhibited a fondness for compromise and practicality both before and after the war. Governor David R. Francis personified this outlook in 1890 when he referred to the state as a "commonwealth of compromise" that held "recuperative powers" for the nation's citizens (131). While Fluker maintains that reconciliation was a key component of Civil War memory in Missouri, she also concludes that the state ultimately does not fit completely into any of the primary categories identified within the historiography. "Just as there was no singular response to the war among Missourians, there was no singular interpretation of its legacy," she states (10). In addition to reconciliationists, Missouri was home to Lost Cause adherents, African American Unionists focused on long-term liberation, and white Unionists, who were largely conservative. [End Page 597] Commonwealth of Compromise is based on extensive research in the records of veterans' organizations and women's auxiliaries, personal papers, newspapers from across the state, and state government archives. After providing the necessary context with a chapter on the divisiveness of the war in Missouri, Fluker analyzes each of the state's commemorative practices in depth. About 100,000 Missourians fought for the Union, and returning veterans were joined by a significant influx of postwar migrants from Union states. The Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) established white, Black, and integrated posts, bolstered in part by General William T. Sherman's membership in a St. Louis post. Fluker demonstrates that, although they were dismissed by many northerners skeptical of their wartime loyalty, Missouri's Union veterans persisted in their efforts to honor the state's Unionism and their own contributions to U.S. victory. Fluker argues that African American Unionists in Missouri were particularly proud of their wartime service and dedicated themselves to parlaying it into expanded civil rights. More than eight thousand Black soldiers had filled seven United States Colored Troops regiments during the war. Marginalized by white GAR members and discriminated against by white Missourians of all loyalties, African Americans focused on their own communities and sought to further the emancipation cause through the pursuit of education, suffrage, and equal rights. Most notably, in Fluker's view, Black veterans founded the Lincoln Institute, an enduring site of Civil War memory that is now a university. While Missouri had stars on both the U.S. and Confederate flags during the war, proponents of the Lost Cause struggled to establish a vibrant commemorative tradition in the state. Fluker explores the reasons, which included disinterest on the part of many veterans, national neglect of the war's western theater, moderate postwar Democratic leaders, and competition from the Union cause. Fluker draws a clear contrast between Missouri and its fellow border state of Kentucky, where the Lost Cause flourished after the war. Fluker credits Missouri's United Daughters of the Confederacy members for the success that the Lost Cause did have, which was most conspicuous in the form of a Confederate monument erected in 1914 in St. Louis's Forest Park. Missouri's relatively muted Lost Cause efforts helped pave the way for an influential reconciliation movement, which Fluker analyzes thoroughly. She underscores the...

Política urbana y hábitat popular. Nuevas dinámicas de gestión del suelo privado en Pehuajó, Argentina / Urban politics and popular habitat. New dynamics of private land management in Pehuajó, Argentina

A fin del siglo XX, en Argentina, los procesos de reforma del Estado con la descentralización de competencias a provincias y municipios en áreas vinculadas a la salud, la educación y la vivienda, trajo consigo el problema de que la descentralización de las competencias no fue correspondida con el traslado de recursos. Hoy, se suman otros reclamos en los espacios locales relacionados con el acceso al suelo urbano y la vivienda digna, la sustentabilidad ambiental, la equidad de género, la disminución de la brecha digital entre otras. La falta de planificación de políticas integrales de hábitat para pobladores de menores ingresos, desposeídos, migrantes, empleados en servicios en las familias consolidadas o en la ciudad, profundiza la desigualdad social y la degradación ambiental en la ciudad. Este trabajo propone el análisis de las nuevas dinámicas de acceso al suelo de manera legal implementadas desde el Estado en Pehuajó, Argentina y, para ello hace foco en el estudio crítico del uso de instrumentos normativos en relación a la incorporación de la tierra privada como políticas de inclusión de la población de bajo recursos de barrios populares. La propuesta se articula como interpretación afiliada con el discurso del Programa para América Latina y el Caribe del Instituto Lincoln de Políticas del Suelo. Desde una óptica autodefinida como progresista aplica nuevos instrumentos a la gestión del suelo urbano con la función de prevenir la informalidad y tener así una ciudad más inclusiva, mejor financiada, distribuir más equitativamente los servicios públicos y las cargas, y elegir las geotecnologías más apropiadas.

Integrated: The Lincoln Institute, Basketball, and a Vanished Tradition

Integrated: The Lincoln Institute, Basketball, and a Vanished Tradition

Integrated: The Lincoln Institute, Basketball, and a Vanished Tradition by James W. Miller

Reviewed by: Integrated: The Lincoln Institute, Basketball, and a Vanished Tradition by James W. Miller Derrick E. White Integrated: The Lincoln Institute, Basketball, and a Vanished Tradition. By James W. Miller. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2017. Pp. xii, 275. $29.95, ISBN 978-0-8131-6911-8.) James W. Miller uses high school basketball as a lens to examine the Lincoln Institute, an African American boarding school, and desegregation in Kentucky. Miller has written an informative, albeit narrow, history of the school and its basketball teams aimed at nonacademic audiences. Miller's examination of the Lincoln Institute focuses on the "paradox of integration" after the Brown v. Board of Education (1954) decision (p. 212). The narrative centers on two individuals in the school's history. The first is [End Page 791] Whitney Young Sr., one of the school's first students and later the school's president. Young stabilized the school during the Great Depression, increased its enrollment and prestige during Jim Crow, and navigated the school through desegregation. The second person Miller follows is Walter Gilliard, Lincoln's athletic director and basketball coach from 1956 to 1960. Gilliard directed Lincoln athletics into the desegregated Kentucky High School Athletic Association in 1956 and coached Lincoln to the state basketball tournament in 1960. From an institutional and athletic perspective, Miller describes Lincoln's growth during segregation and how desegregation ultimately led the school to close its doors in 1966, a few years after the school lost in the 1960 state tournament on a controversial call. He relies on Lincoln Institute archival collections at various Kentucky universities. Miller also conducted more than a dozen oral histories and used the Lincoln Institute Oral History Project housed at Berea College. He concludes, "Integrated education was long overdue and was the proper course to take, but the price was the loss of traditional institutions such as African American high school basketball" (p. 212). This was a "small price to pay," according to Miller (p. 212). As a Kentuckian, I find that the story of the Lincoln Institute is informative and provides insight into why African Americans held the school and other segregated black high schools in such high esteem. However, as a scholar of African American history and sports, I am left wanting. Miller too often fails to explicitly make the connections between Lincoln's travails and the broader issues facing black education and athletics in the 1960s. The lack of scholarly analysis limits the value of the book to historians. For instance, Miller's analysis of school desegregation focuses on violent white resistance. Yet he fails to explore the effect of desegregation on black teachers in Kentucky. Miller, despite his research on the Lincoln Institute, too readily accepts integration as unquestionably good. He does not seem to take seriously African American alumni who touted segregated black high schools as better than their integrated counterparts. Miller's bibliography is missing texts from Derrick Bell, Adam Fairclough, Sarah Garland, and others who question the effectiveness of educational integration. He fails to separate the improvements in material resources from the decline in human resources. It was the teachers, administrators, and coaches like Whitney Young Sr. and Walter Gilliard who made Lincoln great. Nonetheless, when read with a critical eye, Integrated: The Lincoln Institute, Basketball, and a Vanished Tradition sheds important light on the quality segregated high schools and their athletic programs. Derrick E. White Dartmouth College Copyright © 2018 The Southern Historical Association

Book Notes

Book Notes Carson E. Benn Integrated: The Lincoln Institute, Basketball, and a Vanished Tradition. By James W. Miller. (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2017. Pp. 288. $29.95 cloth; $29.95 ebook) A somber note often found by historians of the Civil Rights and integration years is that after the ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, cherished schooling institutions within African American society were outlawed just as well as whites-only schools. James Miller has found one interesting example of this bittersweet truth in the case of Lincoln Institute, where the cloud of uncertainty and debate over how quickly Kentucky schools would integrate coincided with some of Lincoln's best years of high school basketball. Drawing from an impressive array of the state's newspapers and a host of oral history interviews, Miller offers a compelling local study of integration, and his accounts of contests in the state tournament make the book lively enough for any reader interested in Kentucky education and high school basketball. [End Page 571] My Curious and Jocular Heroes: Tales and Tale-Spinners from Appalachia. By Loyal Jones. (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2017. Pp. vii, 246. $95.00 cloth; $25.00 paper) Loyal Jones' contributions to Appalachian studies are well known, both in his own writing and his many years of service at Berea College and Hindman Settlement School. Here he gives four brief and highly amusing biographies of Appalachian folklorists who preceded and inspired him, including Bascom Lamar Lunsford, the legendary fiddle performer and folksong preservationist, and Cratis B. Williams, often called the father of Appalachian studies. After each biography Jones gives a sampling of his subjects' stories, folksong lyrics, notated music, and humor. It's hardly surprising that music is a unifying theme across each of the sections, as the rich field of Appalachian folklore usually comes into contact with the region's celebrated traditions of song and balladry. Humor is the more unique thread here, as each subject contributes jokes and hilarious (though surprisingly bawdy) stories, which Jones uses to illustrate the genial and often "curious" nature of his heroes. Dangerous Waters: A Photo Essay on the Tennessee Valley Authority. By Micah Cash. (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2017 Pp. xi, 130. $39.95 cloth) "Nothing about the agency's history is simple" (p. 3). So Micah Cash contends at the beginning of Dangerous Waters, echoing a realization that any historian interested in the Tennessee Valley Authority quickly finds. History, geography, and stunning photography blend very well here, as Cash conveys his meditation on how TVA dams, rivers, and recreation areas symbolize the greater American ideas of public works and spaces. Recreation and tourism are the more current elements in this essay. The herculean effort to change the landscape [End Page 572] and provide power to millions of rural residents is the more well-known aspect of the TVA, but Cash also dwells on TVA lakes and dams as present-day parks and travel destinations. The many dams and green landscapes make for beautiful pictures (as the agency architects intended), but reflecting on which spaces the public are encouraged to visit or prohibited from entering reveals the complicated social history of this massive project. The Ohio: The Historic River in Vintage Postcard Art, 1900–1960. By John A. Jakle and Dannel McCollum. (Kent: Kent State University Press, 2017. Pp. x, 172. $24.95 paper; $20.99 ebook) The Ohio River falls short of the mighty Mississippi in the American mythos, and authors John A. Jakle and Dannel McCollum lament that the former "never had a Mark Twain to champion" it (p.ix), but this book recovers much of the Ohio's relevance to American history. The river's central importance to antebellum western settlement and commerce, as well as the border it signified between slave and free states, are well known. This book looks primarily at the twentieth century through the medium of postcards, which flourished in popularity at the turn of the century. As the authors show, postcards provide historians not only with snapshots of what cities and towns looked like, they also give insight into what printers considered positive signs of urban growth and vitality. From Pittsburgh to Cairo...

Planificación y redistribución de beneficios del desarrollo urbano: la contribución compensatoria en Rosario, Argentina

The redistribution of benefits derived from urban regulations in the form of planning instruments is a goal sought by progressive local governments who focus on regulating the design of cities according to criteria of equity and opportunity. The so-called Compensatory Contribution, which is based on the redistribution of excess profits for the development of urban areas and buildings, implemented in the city of Rosario in 2000, is directly related to such an objective. The present paper is based on the analysis of this pioneering and unprecedented instrument in Argentina, which begins with a brief reference framework on the Latin American experience in the generation and redistribution of capital gains associated with public actions. There follows a description of the context in which this instrument was conceived, an analysis of its main characteristics and regulatory framework, and an overview of the challenges faced by this program during its implementation phase. This paper also describes the results and the scope for replication of this instrument. The present study was conducted within the framework of a call for research proposals sponsored by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, which is intended to create a list of noteworthy urban development instruments in order to disseminate their original and innovating features, thus contributing to confronting urban planning challenges in the region.

Zoning Rules! The Economics of Land Use Regulation, by William A.Fischel. 2015. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. 416+xiv. ISBN: 9781558442887. $30.00.

Journal of Regional ScienceVolume 56, Issue 5 p. 932-933 BOOK REVIEWS Zoning Rules! The Economics of Land Use Regulation, by William A. Fischel. 2015. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. 416+xiv. ISBN: 9781558442887. $30.00. Claude Gruen, Claude Gruen Gruen Gruen + Associates, San Francisco, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author Claude Gruen, Claude Gruen Gruen Gruen + Associates, San Francisco, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 21 November 2016 https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12322Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume56, Issue5November 2016Pages 932-933 RelatedInformation

Report Issued on Property Tax Exemptions for Charity and Governments' Money Woes

The Lincoln Institute of Land Policy issued a report on state real property exemptions, states' and cities' economic straits, and payments in lieu of taxes (PILOTs). The Institute reported that local governments “forgo roughly 4 to 8 percent of total property tax revenues each year” due to the tax exemption for charitable organizations.

Urban regeneration: new model and new practice The eighth annual International Association for China Planning conference, Guangzhou, China, 21–22 June 2014

During the past decades, urbanisation in China has centred on land development through industrialisation and investment, but it has largely ignored the prosperity and well-being of the people.Liveable cities are not just those with magnificent buildings and infrastructure; they are great places where people want to live. China's recently inaugurated leaders have proposed a new model to actively and prudently enhance the quality of urbanisation through compact, intelligent, and low-carbon development. It symbolises the departure from land-centred urban development to a form of people-oriented urbanisation, as China's Premier, Li Keqiang, has advocated. Quality of life should be one of the key goals for the new model of urbanisation.This new model offers a platform for planning researchers and practitioners to tackle urbanisation challenges, such as social equity, environment, energy, ecological and historic preservation, affordable housing, and externalities of mega cities. Further, a people-oriented urbanisation approach calls for public participation and stakeholder engagement in the planning process.The eighth annual conference of the International Association for China Planning (IACP) was held in Guangzhou, China, 21-22 June 2014. It was organised by IACP and South China University of Technology (SCUT), co-organised by the Guangdong Urban & Rural Planning and Design Institute, Guangzhou KEY CITY Planning & Survey Technological Co. Ltd., Guangzhou Teamzero Architecture and Planning Co. Ltd., Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Peking University-Lincoln Institute Center (PLC) for Urban Development and Land Policy, and Ohio State University. It was also sponsored by the American Planning Association (APA), Case Studies on Transport Policy, Springer, Travel Behaviour & Society, and the Urban Planning Society of China.The conference brought together more than 250 planning scholars and practitioners from around the world, including China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Singapore, Australia, the United States , Canada, Great Britain, Spain, Belgium, Netherlands, Turkey, India, and Ghana, among others. During the conference, 169 papers were presented across 36 parallel sessions, as well as six keynote presentations. The conference also included the second Dean's Forum on urban planning.Opening sessionThe conference had an opening ceremony on 21 June (Figure 1), with IACP Chair Qisheng Pan (Texas Southern University) and Dean Yimin Sun, the Executive Deputy Dean of the School of Architecture at SCUT, co-presiding. Academician Jingtang He (SCUT) welcomed all those attendees and delivered introductory remarks on China's urban planning and design process. Qisheng Pan greeted the conference delegates, reviewed IACP's history and missions, addressed the conference theme and objectives, and also introduced keynote speakers and distinguished guests. Yimin Sun also gave the audience a warm welcome and introduced the diverse academic offerings and outstanding research accomplishments of the School of Architecture, SCUT. Two internationally renowned scholars and one chief planner were each invited to give a keynote speech at the opening session.Professor Robert Bullard (Texas Southern University) delivered the first keynote speech of the conference, entitled 'Environmental and sustainability challenges in the United States and China: assessing impacts using an equity lens'. As one of the pioneers addressing environmental equity issues and the father of environmental justice, Bullard examined environmental challenges in the United States using a social equity lens. He also assessed the efficacy of using such a frame in order to understand the growing environmental and sustainability challenges in China. Bullard argued that millions of Americans continue to live in unsafe and unhealthy physical environments, despite significant improvements in environmental protection over the past few decades. …

Introduction to Special Issue on the Property Tax and the Financing of K–12 Education

reschovsky@lafollette.wisc.edu The property tax is the mainstay of local K–12 education revenue. Public schools derive over 80 percent of their local own-source revenue from the property tax (Reschovsky 2014). At the same time, nearly half of total property tax dollars collected in the United States is used to finance public elementary and secondary education (U.S. Census Bureau 2013, 2014). This close link between property taxation and school finance is one motivation for this special issue. Another motivation is the state and local fiscal aftermath of the Great Recession. Over the past few years the financing of public elementary and secondary education has become particularly challenging. In real per pupil terms, total revenues devoted to public education fell by 6.2 percent between the 2008–09 and 2011–12 school years.2 Although comprehensive revenue data are not yet available for the most recent years, existing evidence points to a continued decline in financial support for public education. Data from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Quarterly Summary of State and Local Tax Revenue indicate that per capita real local government property tax revenues (for school and non-school purposes) declined by 3 percent between fiscal years 2011 and 2013 (Collins and Langley 2014). And a survey conducted by the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities found that in 33 states, real

Planning for States and Nation/States

National spatial strategies and state development plans and frameworks face many of the same challenges in both the EU and the USA. As inherently intergovernmental endeavours, the successful implementation of planning goals requires extensive vertical integration across various levels of government and horizontal integration across functional agencies within each level of government, as well as spatial articulation of key concepts and policies at various geographic scales. To help develop comparative studies between the approaches in both areas, University College Dublin's School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Policy and the US Lincoln Institute of Land Policy and University of Maryland, jointly hosted a Symposium in Dublin in mid-October 2012. The aim of the meeting was to bring together academics and practitioners across the USA and Europe, to share their different experiences of planning frameworks and to draw out transferability lessons from each jurisdiction.The symposium was timely given that Ireland is undergoing a period of policy and economic reflection, triggered by a deep economic recession, evidenced by a property collapse and a planning legacy of housing oversupply and under-delivery of vital transport and education infrastructure. Ireland's strategic planning frameworks, namely the National Spatial Strategy (NSS) and Regional Planning Guidelines (RPGs) closely follow the EU spatial development framework and principles. These planning frameworks have recently been subject to mid-term review and there is now more emphasis in Ireland on evidence-based planning. The timing of the symposium also tied in with plans by the Irish Department of Environment, Community and Local Government to scope a new NSS in 2013, so as to align it with the new economic and demographic realities brought about by recession.The report published here focuses on the introduction to the cross-national and cross-state comparative approach adopted by the symposium, the particular features of planning identified in the USA and the EU and the discussion and the outcomes and lessons, including transferability lessons, from the meeting as a whole. The central and most detailed part of the symposium, the presentation and discussion of a series of US state and EU national profiles, is more lightly touched on. However, readers can access electronically not only the full text of most of the papers as written (some in dated 'draft' form), but also the speakers' PowerPoint presentations and some written 'comments' made by discussants.Access can be found by first going to the UCD School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Policy website for the symposium: http://www.ucd.ie/gpep/events/ seminarsworkshopsconferences/natplanssymp2012/ and then opting for either 'Background', to find an introduction to the analytical theme of the symposium as a whole, or, for 'Program', to find the listing of speakers. Once in 'Program', the relevant sections of the 'written' archive can be accessed by clicking onto 'download paper' or 'presentation' or 'commentary', as required. Additionally, through accessing the third major section of the website, 'Watch on You Tube', readers can also view recordings of the speakers themselves and their words as spoken at the symposium through a playlist of 26 YouTube recordings. These recordings will be designated by the convention (YT/ number) immediately following the speaker's institutional affiliation in the remainder of the report to provide for direct identification and to display something of the range of material available to viewers. The Lincoln Institute is also preparing a book publication based on the symposium.Introduction and EU/USA comparative study considerationsOpening the symposium, the Irish Minister for Housing and Planning, Jan O'Sullivan (YT/2), acknowledged the importance of setting out the correct strategic planning framework for national development: 'Spatial planning has a crucial role to play in the recovery of our country'. …

Cole, Daniel H., and Elinor Ostrom, eds. 2012. Property in Land and Other Resources. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.

Cole, Daniel H., and Elinor Ostrom, eds. 2012. Property in Land and Other Resources. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.

Cole, Daniel H., and Elinor Ostrom, eds. 2012. Property in Land and Other Resources. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.

Cole, Daniel H., and Elinor Ostrom, eds. 2012. Property in Land and Other Resources. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.

China's Local Public Finance in Transition. Edited by Joyce Yanyun Man and Yu-Hung Hong. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2010. xii + 283 pp. $30.00. ISBN: 987-1-55844-201-6

China's Local Public Finance in Transition. Edited by Joyce Yanyun Man and Yu-Hung Hong. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 2010. xii + 283 pp. $30.00. ISBN: 987-1-55844-201-6 - Volume 208

Robust Plans and Contingent Plans

Problem: The practice of scenario planning is often too focused on developing a single preferred scenario and fails to adequately consider multiple uncertain futures. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development recently awarded grants for scenario planning at regional and metropolitan scales that further promote this practice. However, a lack of systematic analysis of uncertainty limits the role of scenario planning. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how to incorporate uncertainty into large-scale scenario analysis and then use that framework to identify contingent and robust plans. Methods: We adapt the concepts of controllable internal options and uncontrollable external forces and consider their interactions in order to develop future scenarios and identify contingent and robust decisions. We then apply this technique using advanced econometric, land use, and transportation models developed for the Baltimore–Washington metropolitan region and its vicinity. Finally, based on the results of a hypothetical, yet plausible, exercise, we show how contingent and robust decisions can help local and regional governments develop contingent and robust plans. Results and conclusions: Scenarios developed as a combination of internal options and external forces allow us to identify a wider range of future impacts than in traditional metropolitan scenario planning. Robust plans support choices that offer benefits across scenarios. Contingent plans can be tailored to specific futures. Takeaway for practice: By providing a way to think systematically about uncertainty, scenario analysis promises to improve the efficacy of large-scale planning. Research support: This article was not directly supported by any outside agency, but support for the modeling system was provided by the following organizations: Maryland State Highway Administration, Maryland Department of Transportation, Maryland Department of Planning, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.

The Influence of District Visual Quality on Location Decisions of Creative Entrepreneurs

Problem: A redevelopment aim of numerous Western world cities is to attract creative firms to formerly abandoned or neglected districts. While some studies propose that visual assets of neighborhoods may attract creative entrepreneurs to certain districts, few have explored how visual features are important for creative entrepreneurs and provided meaningful planning knowledge. Purpose: This article examines the influence of district visual form as perceived by creative entrepreneurs on their location decisions. It suggests how this knowledge is usable for development of cultural production districts. Methods: I conducted 63 interviews with creative entrepreneurs in three districts in The Netherlands: the Eastern Docklands in Amsterdam, the Lloyd Quarter in Rotterdam, and the Hortus Quarter in Groningen. These districts accommodate relatively more firms in creative industries than do other districts within the same cities, but they are visually disparate in terms of architecture and urban spaces. Results and conclusions: This article demonstrates a significant relationship between district visual quality and the location behavior of creative entrepreneurs. Moreover, there is more than one visual model for cultural production districts. Urban design, architecture, waterfronts, and parks may have various forms, provided that they single out one place from other, mainstream places. The overall visual character of the district needs to be perceived as distinctive, whether deliberately designed as such or not. Because the visual quality of the district contributes to increased creative productivity, creative entrepreneurs use their relative freedom of location within cities to achieve quality of place at work. Takeaway for practice: Cities that aim to attract creative entrepreneurs to certain districts should use strategies to achieve district visual quality. I draw on my findings to point at several planning strategies to inspire flexible, localized approaches to the development of visually distinctive cultural production districts. These strategies can be alternated and adjusted over time, according to a district's existing visual quality, availability of government resources, and the changing constraints and opportunities of a region's cultural production system. Research support: Dissertation support from Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. Dissertation Fellowship from the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, Cambridge, MA, USA. The Netherlands Institute of City Innovation Studies (NICIS), The Hague, and the municipalities of Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Groningen cofinanced the fieldwork.