The results of the study of algal flora in 12 rivers (Ros, Stugna, Krasna, Rosava, Uzynka, Rokytka, Siverka, Kozynka, Bobrytsia, Bezimenna, Gorokhovatka, and Protoka) of the Kiev Upland Region are presented. In total, according to original data 493 species (511 infraspecies taxa = ist) were identified. Bacillariophyta (39.8%) and Chlorophyta (27.8%) form the core of the taxonomic structure followed by Euglenophyta (10.7%) and Cyanoprokaryota (9.3%). Other divisions of algae were less diverse. Studied rivers differ in species number: algal flora of the Ros River was the richest while the Bobrytsia River was the lowest in algal diversity. A comparison of floristic resemblance in species composition of algae by means of the Serensen-Chekanovsky coefficient showed three pairs of rivers with the greatest degree of similarity, which included the Ros and the Stugna rivers (0.41), the Siverka and the Bezimenna (0.40), and the Protoka and the Uzynka (0.36) rivers. According to the literature and original data, a systematic list was compiled, which include 545 species (572 ist) which belong to 10 divisions, 15 classes, 41 orders, 91 families and 201 genera. In the studied rivers, a number of new and noteworthy taxa were found. Encyonema neomesianum Krammer (= Encyonema minutum var. pseudogracilis (Cholnoky) D.B. Czarnecki) and Navicula microrhombus (Cholnoky) Schoeman et Archibald are first cited for Ukraine. Amphora inariensis Krammer, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wolosz.) Seenayya et Subba Raju, Craticula subminuscula (Manguin) Wetzel et Ector (= Eolimna subminuscula (Manguin) Gerd Moser, Lange-Bertalot et Metzeltin), Diploneis elliptica (Kutz.) Cleve, Eunotia crista-galli Cleve, Navicula erifuga Lange-Bert., Stephanodiscus neoastraea Hakansson et Hickel, S. parvus Stoermer et Hakansson, and Radiococcus planktonicus J.W.G. Lund are new records for the Middle Dnieper Algofloristic Subprovince. Noteworthy records for this region include Cyclotella atomus Hustedt, Discostella pseudosteligera (Hustedt) Houk et Klee, Gomphonema laticollum E. Reichardt, Fallacia subhamulata (Grunow) D.G. Mann, Navigeia decussis (0strup) Bukht., Planktolyngbya contorta (Lemmerm.) Anagn. et Komarek, Pseudanabaena redekei (Goor) B.A. Whitton (= Limnothrix redekei (Van Goor) Meffert.), Pseudostaurosira subconstricta (Grunow) Kulokovskiy et Genkal, Staurosira construens var. subsalina (Hust.) Gerasimiuk, Staurosira binodis (Ehrenb.) Lange-Bertalot, S. venter (Ehrenb.) Cleve et J.D. Moller, Stephanodiscus delicatus Genkal, Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenb.) D.M. Williams et Round, and Surirella librile (Ehrenb.) Ehrenb. The taxonomic list for algae of the Kiev Upland Region rivers are added; it includes both original and revised literature data. New and noteworthy records are illustrated by original microphotographs.