Limiting Factor In Terms Research Articles

Optimization Extraction of Cladonia foliacea (Huds.) Willd: Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of the Key Enzymes Linked to Type II Diabetes

Cladonia foliacea (CF) is a type of lichen belonging to the Cladoniaceae family, used as traditional medicine for various diseases. It is known that CF has strong antioxidant and antidiabetic effects originating from various secondary components. However, the bioactivity of CF is significantly affected by extraction conditions such as temperature, liquid/solid ratio, and solvent type/concentration. Herein, the extraction parameters (temperature, liquid/solid ratio, and methanol concentration) of CF were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) based on maximum total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity, and α-glucosidase/α-amylase inhibitor activity. In the methanolic extraction of CF, 48.8 °C, 12.3 mL g-1 liquid/solid ratio, and 86.4% methanol concentration were determined as the optimum point. TPC, antioxidant capacity, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibition activities of CF extracted under optimum conditions were determined as 5.55 mg GAE g-1, 33.10 g sample/g DPPH, 68.78%, and 50.03%, respectively. These results suggest that extraction conditions may be a limiting factor in terms of bioactive properties and optimized extraction parameters may improve the potential antioxidant and inhibitory activity of key enzymes associated with type II diabetes of CF.

Jedan pristup razvoju digitalnog mernog blizanca na bazi numerički upravljane merne mašine

New trends in technological systems in terms of processing processes have also placed new demands on the measuring technique. The application of conventional metrology systems and the procedures that support them have become a limiting factor in terms of flexibility and measurement accuracy. The main problem problem is the rapid metrological identification of complex metrological tasks, such as, for example, shape and position tolerances for parts of medium and high accuracy. In addition to metrological identification, the problem is also the connection of metrological databases, which has a direct impact on the obtain results accuracy. In order to solve these problems, this paper presents an approach to modeling a digital measuring twin based on a numerically controlled measuring machine. In a broader sense, the developed model integrates machine and computer technologies and was applied in the field of metrology, that is, the examination of achieved tolerances on machine parts using CMM. The benefits are reflected in the fact that it is not necessary to construct expensive prototypes, it saves time, avoids collision and the most important thing in the world of industry, it saves money.

PEG-Induced Drought Stress During Germination: Effects on Soybean Germplasm

Soybean is the one of the most important oilseed and protein sources worldwide. Among environmental stresses negatively affecting soybean, drought is considered as the most limiting factor in terms of yield losses encountered. In view of the need for improving drought tolerance, this study aimed at determining the seed germination and seedling growth potential under drought conditions as an approach to identify tolerant genotypes at early growth stages. The genetic material consisted of a set of commercial and pre-commercial varieties (Adonai, Neoplanta, Celina, Zora, PR92M22, P21T45, PR92M35, PR92B63, PR91M10). Drought stress was induced by different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (0, 5, 10 and 20 % PEG-6000). Genotype performance was assessed on the basis of Germination Percentage (GP), seed Water Uptake (WU), seedling Water Content (WC), root and shoot length and number of seedlings with abnormal phenotype. Stress substantially affected all traits associated to germination and seedling growth, with its effects though differing significantly among genotypes. Overall findings point to the superiority of varieties Neoplanta, Adonai, PR92M22 and Celina. Further, it was evidenced that GP as well as root and shoot length form suitable criteria for drought tolerance, while WU and WC did not allow the classification of genotypes in terms of drought tolerance. Our findings provide conclusive evidence that traits associated to germination and growth potential may be employed for revealing genetic variability related to drought tolerance, thus enabling their exploitation as screening criteria for drought tolerance. Upon confirmation of its validity, such short-cut selection approach may considerably upgrade the efficiency of breeding procedures targeted at the improvement of drought tolerance in soybean.

Hybrid QM/MM Molecular Dynamics with AMOEBA Polarizable Embedding.

We present the implementation of a Born-Oppenheimer (BO) hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) molecular dynamics (MD) strategy using density functional theory (DFT) and the polarizable AMOEBA force field. This approach couples the Gaussian and Tinker suite of programs through a variational formalism allowing for a full self-consistent relaxation of both the AMOEBA induced dipoles and the DFT electron density at each MD step. As the DFT SCF cycles are the limiting factor in terms of computational efforts and MD stability, we focus on the latter aspect and compare the time-reversible BO (TR-BO) and the extended BO Lagrangian approaches (XL-BO) to the MD propagation. The XL-BO approach allows for stable, energy-conserving trajectories offering various perspectives for hybrid simulations using polarizable force fields.

New water soluble glycosides of 11-keto-β-boswellic acid: A paradigm

Though several glycosides of various triterpenes are known, but surprisingly no boswellic acid glycosides are reported so far. With a view to make water soluble boswellic acids, prepared glycosides of 11-keto boswellic acid for the first time. Naturally occurring boswellic acids which are anti-inflammatory agents are lipophylic in nature and thus, become a limiting factor in terms of their bioavailability. Among boswellic acids, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid is found to exhibit superior biological activity and hence successfully prepared its glucosyl and maltosyl derivatives viz., 11-keto-β-boswellic acid-24-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9) and 11-keto-β-boswellic acid-24-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (15) which are water soluble. Both these compounds are soluble in water to the extent of 10% (w/w) which is very significant.

Systematic First-Principles Investigation of Mixed Transition Metal Olivine Phosphates LiM1-yM′yPO4 (M/M′ = Mn, Fe, and Co) as Cathode Materials

Li based batteries are widely used for powering mobile electronic equipment and are considered as highly promising power sources for electrical propulsion. Recent developments in the area of rechargeable lithium ion batteries for electronic devices and transportation have stimulated extensive studies of cathode materials which are the limiting factor in terms of voltage and energy density. In the current work we present a systematic computational study of the geometry, electronic structure, and electrochemical potential for olivines LixM1-yM′yPO4 (M/M′ = Mn, Fe, Co; x = 0.00, 1.00, x = y; y = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00). We find that changes in cell volume as a function of transition metal composition may largely be ascribed to changes in the atomic volumes of the oxygen atoms, which modulate the electron charge distribution. Moreover, there is considerable charge transfer from lithium to the transition metal ions and oxygen atoms upon lithiation for all systems studied. The calculated cell potentia...

IMPLEMENTASI PEMBINAAN MELALUI PROGRAM REHABILITASI DAN REINTEGRASI SOSIAL BAGI NARAPIDANA TERORISME

Coaching for terrorism inmates in institution is an effort to counter terrorism. Coaching is done through rehabilitation and social reiintegration. In this study there were two issues discussed the implementation of training for terrorism prisoners as well as the factors driving and inhibiting formation for terrorism prisoners. This type of research is empirical legal research. The research is descriptive. Primary data sourced from observation and interviews while secondary data sourced from literatures and electronic articles. Secondary data was collected through library research. Data is collected, processed and presented qualitative descriptive analysis. Coaching for terrorism inmates in prisons have not been implemented optimally. It can be seen from the formation of the terrorist network that carried out in prisons. Former inmates also returned to terrorism after being released from prison. The driving factor for the development of terrorist prisoners is because terrorism is a crime that should ditanggulagi. Guidance is also the mandate of Act Number 12 of 1995 Concerning Correctional Institution and the Indonesian Government Regulation Number 99 of 2012 concerning the Second Amendment to Government Regulation No. 32 of 1999 on Terms and Procedures for Implementation of the Right of Corrections Inmates and the vision and mission of the institution. Coaching effort is one of community protection movement. Coaching is a limiting factor in terms of the legal structure and legal culture. Prison staff lack the ability to Islam, a lack of awareness of officers, there is no coaching format for terrorism prisoners, the view that training for terrorism prisoners are tightening and the lack of specialized staff in fostering terrorism inmates. Legal culture includes cultural terrorist prisoners law does not regret his actions and legal culture society reject terrorism inmates.

Temporal Causal Relationship between Resource Use and Economic Growth in East China

AbstractThe present paper attempts to combine cointegration theory and the material flow analysis approach to examine the causal relationship between resource use and real GDP in Jiangsu Province in East China. The study considers the period from 1990 to 2007. We use direct material input as the proxy variable for resource use. Our estimation indicates that real GDP and resource use are cointegrated and there is only unidirectional long‐run Granger causality running from resource use to real GDP, but not vice versa. The estimation results mean that resources are a limiting factor in terms of economic growth, and, therefore, strategies should be adopted for more vigorous economic development and consistent resource use in East China. Furthermore, the novel idea and methodology involved in the present study can be readily extended to cover other regions for the analysis of the relationship between resource use and economic growth.

Seminal plasma biochemistry II: seminal plasma and spermatozoal cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid synthetase and sialyltransferase activities.

The zona pellucida receptor for spermatozoa has not been identified and the mechanism by which spermatozoa traverse the zona pellucida has not been elucidated. It is proposed that the zona pellucida receptor is a glycoprotein and the receptor per se is galactosamine or N-acetyl galactosamine. The mechanism by which spermatozoa transverse the zona pellucida may be by its structural modification, by the transfer of spermatozoal sialic acid. In addition, male infertility resulting from oligozoospermia or polyzoospermia, may be due to lack of spermatozoal bound sialyltransferase. A total of 43 semen samples were examined for cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid synthetase and sialyltransferase activities. It was found that both these enzymes are present in seminal plasma and bound to the spermatozoa. The spermatozoal bound enzymes may be derived from the seminal plasma which may be a limiting factor in terms of infertility.

Teachers' approaches to finding and using research evidence: an information literacy perspective

Background The use of research evidence produced by others is seen as central to the reflective practice of school teachers. There have been many recent UK initiatives aimed at improving access to research evidence, but there are still concerns about the lack of engagement by teachers. Previous research has looked at this issue from different perspectives, including the content and relevance of educational research, the relationships between researchers and teachers, accessibility and presentation of research and the culture of the school. The research presented here seeks to make a contribution to understanding the diffusion of research in the teaching profession by examining the issues from an information literacy perspective. Purpose This paper examines the use of research information by UK school teachers, placing an emphasis on their information literacy—i.e. teachers' strategies and confidence in their abilities to find, evaluate and use research information, which is defined as the published output of a planned piece of research. Sample Survey data were collected from 312 teachers and 78 head teachers from nursery, primary and secondary schools in Scotland, England and Wales. The sample included a wide range of teaching experience, ages, subject responsibilities, school locations and sizes, although there was a bias towards teachers who were motivated to use research evidence. Interviews were conducted with 28 teachers from primary, secondary, nursery and special education schools, and a further 15 teachers took part in group exercises. Interview and group exercise samples were more varied in their levels of research involvement. Design and methods A mixed methodology was used. The questionnaire survey sought background data on more general attitudes towards research, as well as data on information access and confidence in finding and using general and research information. This was supplemented by qualitative evidence on information strategies and experiences from scenario or vignette interviews. Group exercises in which teachers discussed their responses to specific examples of research information were useful in focusing on strategies for evaluating information. Results While survey respondents were, on balance, positively motivated towards the use of research evidence, their actual use of information from research was limited. They considered the most prominent barriers to their use of research information were associated with lack of time and lack of ready access to sources. This is likely to be a limiting factor in terms of the development of teacher confidence in finding, evaluating and using the kinds of information sources which are increasingly available to support their professional development. In fact survey evidence from the more research-motivated sample indicated that teachers were considerably less confident in finding and using research information than general information. Their confidence was slightly higher in finding research information (e.g. 67.1% and 60.9% were either confident or very confident in defining information needs and locating information respectively) compared to using research information (for example, 56.5% were either confident or very confident in organizing and synthesizing information). However, evidence from the more mixed interview and group exercise samples also revealed a range of concerns about lack of skills and knowledge needed to search and evaluate information effectively. Conclusions The findings suggest that information literacy may be a factor in limiting the use of research information, exacerbating the perceived challenges of lack of time and lack of ready access to information sources. From an information perspective, teachers' use of research evidence is likely to be enhanced by greater development of information literacy; more attention to local information dissemination strategies; and the development of an information culture and ethos within schools.