Limited Wireless Transmission Research Articles

UAV relay network deployment through the area with barriers

Flying ad hoc networks composed of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are flexible, inexpensive, and fast to deploy. This makes them a very attractive technology for many civilian and military applications. Due to the high mobility of the nodes, maintaining a multi-hop communication link between the UAVs is a challenging task. The existing network deployment method designed for relay network may fail to guarantee the connectivity due to the limited wireless transmission and dynamic topology. Designing and implementing a cost-effective UAV relay network is still a problem when there are barriers between the source node and the ground control station. In this paper, we first build a general UAV relay network model; then we propose a UAV deployment algorithm based on Q-learning to construct a UAV relay network with the minimum number of nodes, and we use an Equidistant Node Control algorithm to construct a dynamic relay path. We conduct a series of experiments on the OMNeT++ simulation platform to evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that our UAV relay network has the lower cost and reliable communication performance.

Design and implementation of integrated high-speed wireless EEG/ECoG acquisition system

With the development and application of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), the demand for the portability, transmission performance, sampling rate, and number of channels of electroencephalogram (EEG) acquisition devices is increasing. The high-performance acquisition devices used in current research are generally large in size which limit its application scenarios, while portable high-performance acquisition devices have a limited wireless transmission bandwidth. To tackle these issues, a high-performance multichannel wireless EEG acquisition system was designed, the acquisition device is powered independently by a battery, controls the bioelectric acquisition chip through FPGA (filed-programmable gate array) to achieve high-speed and stable processing of EEG data, and transmits it in real-time via Wi-Fi to the host computer for display and recording. Standard signal source tests and Electrocorticography (ECoG) acquisition experiments demonstrate that the system performed well with 64 channels and a maximum sampling rate of 30 kHz within a distance of 10 meters. This design provides a new solution for neuroscience research scenarios.

Adaptive Control of IoT/M2M Devices in Smart Buildings Using Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) are becoming essential for many applications. One of the most emblematic IoT/M2M applications is smart buildings. The current Building Automation Systems (BAS) are limited by many factors, including the lack of integration of IoT and M2M technologies, unfriendly user interfacing, high costs, using no more than one or two wireless communication networks, limited wireless transmission range, and the lack of a convergent solution. Therefore, this paper proposes a better approach of using heterogeneous wireless networks consisting of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Mobile Cellular Networks (MCNs) for IoT/M2M smart building systems. The proposed system is an inexpensive embedded system that comprises Arduino and NodeMCU boards with several compatible sensors, actuators, and modules for controlling and collecting data over heterogeneous communication technologies (RFID, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GSM, LTE). All collected data is uploaded to the ThingSpeak platform, allowing the building system to be monitored via the ThingSpeak webpage or the Raniso app. One of the most significant outcomes of this research is to provide accurate readings to the server, and very low latency, through which users can easily control and monitor remotely the proposed system that consists of several innovative services, namely smart parking, garden irrigation automation, intrusion alarm, smart door, fire and gas detection, smart lighting, smart medication reminder, and indoor air quality monitoring. All these services are designed and implemented to control and monitor from afar the building via our free mobile application named “Raniso” which is a local server that allows remote control of the building via RFID/Bluetooth/Wi-Fi connectivity and cellular networks. This IoT/M2M smart building system is customizable to meet the needs of users, improving safety and quality of life while reducing energy consumption. Additionally, it helps prevent the loss of resources and human lives by detecting and managing risks.

The design and fulfillment of a Smart Home (SH) material powered by the IoT using the Blynk app

Home Automation System (HAS) has attracted great interest as communication technology advances. A Smart Home (SH) is an Internet of Things (IoT) app that utilizes the Internet to surveillance and control devices through the use of a smart home automation system (SHAS). Current home automation systems (HASs) are limited by a lack of IoT technology, an unfriendly user interface, a limited wireless transmission range, and high costs. This paper describes an affordable, safe and energy-efficient WiFi-based system smart home or intelligent home, which enables home appliances to be monitored by homeowners in local and remote locations via mobile phone/PC. Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ and Arduino Mega 2560 were used to configuring the server automation framework. Moreover, various sensors that are connected to the Arduino Mega controller have been used to monitor current, voltage, power, energy, frequency, humidity, temperature, motion, flame, smoke, gas, doors, windows and other household conditions, and also to successfully control household appliances (lights, fans, reverse fan, water pump, etc.) either automatically or via relays. The proposed automation system can surveillance and control home conditions via the Blynk app for both Android or IOS.

Underground location algorithm based on random forest and environmental factor compensation

Aiming at the poor location accuracy caused by the harsh and complex underground environment, long strip roadway, limited wireless transmission and sparse anchor nodes, an underground location algorithm based on random forest and compensation for environmental factors was proposed. Firstly, the underground wireless access point (AP) network model and tunnel environment were analyzed, and the fingerprint location algorithm was built. And then the Received Signal Strength (RSS) was analyzed by Kalman Filter algorithm in the offline sampling and real-time positioning stage. Meanwhile, the target speed constraint condition was introduced to reduce the error caused by environmental factors. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm solves the problem of insufficient location accuracy and large fluctuation affected by environment when the anchor nodes are sparse. At the same time, the average location accuracy reaches three meters, which can satisfy the application of underground rescue, activity track playback, disaster monitoring and positioning. It has high application value in complex underground environment.

Design and Fabrication of Smart Home With Internet of Things Enabled Automation System

Home automation systems have attracted considerable attention with the advancement of communications technology. A smart home (SH) is an Internet of Things (IoT) application that utilizes the Internet to monitor and control appliances using a home automation system. Lack of IoT technology usage, unfriendly user interface, limited wireless transmission range, and high costs are the limitations of existing home automation systems. Therefore, this study presents a cost-effective and hybrid (local and remote) IoT-based home automation system with a user-friendly interface for smartphones and laptops. A prototype called IoT@HoMe is developed with an algorithm to enable the monitoring of home conditions and automate the control of home appliances over the Internet anytime and anywhere. This system utilizes a node microcontroller unit (NodeMCU) as a Wi-Fi-based gateway to connect different sensors and updates their data to Adafruit IO cloud server. The collected data from several sensors (radio-frequency identification, ultrasonic, temperature, humidity, gas, and motion sensors) can be accessed via If This Then That (IFTTT) on users' devices (smartphones and/or laptops) over the Internet regardless of their location. A set of relays is used to connect the NodeMCU to homes under controlled appliances. The designed system is structured in a portable manner as a control box that can be attached for monitoring and controlling a real house. The proposed IoT-based system for home automation can easily and efficiently control appliances over the Internet and support home safety with autonomous operation. IoT@HoMe is a low cost and reliable automation system that reduces energy consumption and can notably provide convenience, safety, and security for SH residents.

Joint Source and Channel Rate Allocation over Noisy Channels in a Vehicle Tracking Multimedia Internet of Things System.

As an emerging type of Internet of Things (IoT), multimedia IoT (MIoT) has been widely used in the domains of healthcare, smart buildings/homes, transportation and surveillance. In the mobile surveillance system for vehicle tracking, multiple mobile camera nodes capture and upload videos to a cloud server to track the target. Due to the random distribution and mobility of camera nodes, wireless networks are chosen for video transmission. However, the tracking precision can be decreased because of degradation of video quality caused by limited wireless transmission resources and transmission errors. In this paper, we propose a joint source and channel rate allocation scheme to optimize the performance of vehicle tracking in cloud servers. The proposed scheme considers the video content features that impact tracking precision for optimal rate allocation. To improve the reliability of data transmission and the real-time video communication, forward error correction is adopted in the application layer. Extensive experiments are conducted on videos from the Object Tracking Benchmark using the H.264/AVC standard and a kernelized correlation filter tracking scheme. The results show that the proposed scheme can allocate rates efficiently and provide high quality tracking service under the total transmission rate constraints.

PRAPD: A novel received signal strength–based approach for practical rogue access point detection

Rogue access point attack is one of the most important security threats for wireless local networks and has attracted great attention from both academia and industry. Utilizing received signal strength information is an effective solution to detect rogue access points. However, the received signal strength information is formed by multi-dimensional received signal strength vectors that are collected by multiple sniffers, and these received signal strength vectors are inevitably lacking in some dimensions due to the limited wireless transmission range and link instability. This will result in high false alarm rate for rogue access point detection. To solve this issue, we propose a received signal strength–based practical rogue access point detection approach, considering missing received signal strength values in received signal strength vectors collected in practical environment. First, we present a preprocessing scheme for received signal strength vectors, eliminating missing values by means of data filling, filtering, and averaging. Then, we perform clustering analysis on the received signal strength vectors, where we design a distance measurement method that dynamically uses partial components in received signal strength vectors to minimize the distance deviation due to missing values. Finally, we conduct the experiments to evaluate the performance of the practical rogue access point detection. The results demonstrate that the practical rogue access point detection can significantly reduce the false alarm rate while ensuring a high detection rate.

Analysis on Multicast Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract As the Mobile Ad Hoc Networks technologies face a series of challenges like dynamic changes of topological structure, existence of unidirectional channel, limited wireless transmission bandwidth, the capability limitations of mobile termination and etc, therefore, the research to mobile Ad Hoc network routings inevitablely undertake a more important task than those to other networks. Multicast is a mode of communication transmission oriented to group computing, which sends the data to a group of host computers by using single source address. In a typical mobile Ad Hoc Network environment, multicast has a significant meaning. On the one hand, the users of mobile Ad Hoc Network usually need to form collaborative working groups; on the other hand, this is also an important means of fully using the broadcast performances of wireless communication and effectively using the limited wireless channel resources. This paper summarizes and comparatively analyzes the routing mechanisms of various existing multicast routing protocols according to the characteristics of mobile Ad Hoc network.

Separation of Detection Authorities (SDA) Approach for Misbehavior Detection in Wireless Ad Hoc Network

Wireless ad hoc network is a distributed wireless network without the presence of a physical network infrastructure. Having a limited wireless transmission range, all the nodes need to cooperate with each other during packet forwarding in order to maintain the connectivity. In addition, the lack of energy resources may cause a selflsh node to drop legitimate packets which eventually disrupt the network performance. In fact, many detection protocols have been proposed to discourage such behaviour. However, the implemented penalization is inefiective as not all the surrounding nodes execute in the same manner. Moreover, most of them have neglected the existence of the malicious node that could in∞ict them directly and indirectly. In this paper, we present the separation of detection authorities (SDA) approach to detect and exclude the misbehaved nodes in the network. The SDA distributes the detection authorities to the reporter, investigation agents, and the central authority where each of them takes charge of difierent detection process. To ensure accuracy, only the central authority will report the result. Our evaluation demonstrated that SDA can detect misbehaved nodes in the network efiectively.