Limited Time Availability Research Articles

Analysis of the national structure of care provided to older people in Slovenia

Ageing in place has for many years been at the forefront of political goals for care provision for older people in Europe. The organization of care in terms of the national governing structure must therefore be continually observed to better understand the care actually offered and then used by older people. In this study, we examined the organization of social home care and institutional care across municipalities and administrative units in terms of what is offered to older people as formal care. Variation across municipalities and administrative units is observed with explorative cluster analysis and analysis of means of key dependent variables across clusters to better understand the variability in the care offered to older people in those municipalities and administrative units. The results show that while social home care is temporally available across several clusters of municipalities, and the affordability of social home care is also stable across clusters of municipalities, there are still municipalities where social home care has a limited time availability and municipalities where the out-of-pocket contribution to social home care delivery is nearly the twice the average of such contributions. In terms of institutional care, one can find administrative units with either a deficit or a surplus of placements of such care available.

Implementing the Infectious Diseases Society of America Antimicrobial Stewardship Core Curriculum: Survey Results and Real-World Strategies to Guide Fellowship Programs.

The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed the Core Antimicrobial Stewardship (AS) Curriculum to meet the increasing demand for infectious diseases (ID) providers with AS expertise. Notable diversity in implementation approaches has been observed among ID fellowship programs using the curriculum. We sought to describe individual approaches and develop a curriculum implementation roadmap. We surveyed ID fellowship programs that had previously implemented the IDSA Core AS curriculum. The survey included questions regarding program characteristics, curriculum participants and presentation format, resources and barriers, and implementation strategies. Commonly reported program features were summarized in the context of the self-reported implementation strategies. Implementation guides were developed based on the most common characteristics observed. Of 159 programs that had purchased the curriculum, 37 responded, and 34 (21%) were included in the analysis. The curriculum was primarily taught by AS physicians (85%) and AS pharmacists (47%). The most common conference structure was a longitudinal conference series (32%), and eLearning was the most common presentation format. Limited AS faculty time (76%) and limited first-year fellow availability (62%) were frequently reported as barriers, and dedicated AS curricular time was a resource available to most programs (67%); implementation guides were created for these 3 program features. Programs reported a variety of implementation barriers and resources, with several common themes emerging, allowing for the development of tailored curriculum planners for 3 commonly observed program characteristics. This work will equip fellowship programs with curriculum implementation strategies and guide future enhancements of the IDSA Core and Advanced AS curricula.

Incidence and Factors Associated With Burnout Among Cardiac Anesthesiologists in India

ObjectiveMany previous survey have demonstrated high incidence of burnout among anesthesiologists. This survey was aimed to estimate the incidence and to understand factors associated with burnout among cardiac anaesthesiologists in India. DesignMembers of the Indian Association of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anaesthesiologists (IACTA) were invited. The survey consisted of 2 sections: the initial section collected demographic data, work patterns, and factors associated with burnout perception. The second part assessed Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and Low Personal Accomplishment (LPA) using the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). SettingWeb-Based Survey ParticipantsMembers of IACTA InterventionsNone Measurement and ResultsA high score on EE (≥27 and/or ≥ DP 10) identified those at high risk for burnout. High risk of burnout in addition to LPA ≤33 was defined as burnout syndrome.Of the 2,262 IACTA members surveyed, 325 (14.35%) responded. Among them, 162 (49.8%) were classified as at high risk of burnout, and 91 (28%) met the criteria for burnout syndrome.Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with a high risk of burnout were <5 years of experience (OR-3.53), insufficient external support (OR-2.87), limited personal time availability (OR-1.96), and considering leaving cardiac anesthesia (OR-3.61). Factors contributing to burnout syndrome were <5 years of experience (OR-3.83), inadequate workplace colleague support (OR-1.84), and considering leaving cardiac anesthesia (OR-2.43). ConclusionsThe burden of burnout syndrome is high among Indian anesthesiologists. Risk factors included younger age, inadequate workplace and external support, limited personal time, and contemplation of leaving cardiac anesthesia. There is a need for sensitization of various stakeholders and institute necessary measures to reduce the burden and impact of burnout.

Persistence of Practicing Sports Among Young People: A Comparative Evaluation

In the current context, young people face an increasingly limited availability of time to manage all the activities they propose, and this temporal restriction also influences their habits regarding physical activity and practicing sports. The benefits that physical activities have on the mental health of young people are manifested in various aspects, such as reducing stress, improving self-esteem and the quality of sleep. Considering these aspects, a research was proposed with the aim of evaluating the existence of significant differences in the ability of young people to maintain a habit of exercise, particularly dance, either in a dance class or in the comfort of their own home.

The value of virtual molecular tumor boards for informed clinical decision-making.

Genomic profiling and other new technologies have increased the volume and complexity of information available for guiding clinical decision-making in precision oncology. Consequently, there is a need for multidisciplinary expert teams, in the form of molecular tumor boards (MTBs), who can translate this information into a therapeutic plan, including matching patients to suitable clinical trials. Virtual MTBs (vMTBs) can help to overcome many of the challenges associated with in-person MTBs, such as limited time availability, access to appropriate experts or datasets, or interactions between institutions. However, real-world experience from vMTBs is lacking. Here, we describe oncologists' vMTB experiences and the value of working with multicenter and/or multinational vMTBs. We also address knowledge gaps and barriers that could affect the implementation of vMTBs in routine clinical practice. Case studies from Argentina, Turkey, and Portugal illustrate the value of informed clinical decision-making by vMTBs, including expansion of therapeutic options for patients, faster time to treatment, and the resulting improvement in patient outcomes or impact of vMTB discussions on patients. With the uptake of comprehensive genomic profiling and the evolution of some cancers now being conceptualized as a collection of rare diseases with small patient populations based on molecular profiling, the importance of MTBs has increased in modern cancer management. However, an adjustment in clinical decision-making by healthcare professionals is required and evidence of the added value of vMTBs is lacking. Existing vMTBs and recommendations from participating oncologists could point toward a structured evaluation and analysis of this new platform.

Basics in diagnostics and therapy of allergic diseases for ENT consultations

Allergies play a pivotal role in the daily practice of ENT specialists. Allergic symptoms induced by inhalant allergens are widespread in the population and can manifest through a wide range of symptoms, including rhinorrhea, sneezing, conjunctival redness, cough and dyspnea. Inconsistent diagnosis and treatment of allergic conditions can lead to reduced quality of life, decreased work performance, and socioeconomically significant secondary diseases. In addition to the medical history, the skin prick test and serological IgE diagnostics are the most important diagnostic procedure for detecting type-I allergies. To clarify clinical relevance, molecular diagnostics and nasal provocation testing may be employed. The key to effective treatment lies in a comprehensive allergological diagnosis coupled with a detailed patient history. General treatment recommendations such as allergen avoidance and nasal irrigation should complement pharmacological therapy. In the treatment of allergic rhinitis topical steroids are first line treatment options. The primary goal of treatment is symptom control, and if control is insufficient, causal therapy through specific allergen immunotherapy is recommended. Challenges in the ENT clinic involve selecting the necessary diagnostics and appropriate, effective treatments. Hence, using diagnostic and treatment algorithms, as well as standardized patient history questionnaires, can serve as invaluable tools in daily patient interactions, especially considering limited time availability.

Bridging the gap between machine learning and particle accelerator physics with high-speed, differentiable simulations

Machine learning has emerged as a powerful solution to the modern challenges in accelerator physics. However, the limited availability of beam time, the computational cost of simulations, and the high dimensionality of optimization problems pose significant challenges in generating the required data for training state-of-the-art machine learning models. In this work, we introduce heetah, a yorch-based high-speed differentiable linear beam dynamics code. heetah enables the fast collection of large datasets by reducing computation times by multiple orders of magnitude and facilitates efficient gradient-based optimization for accelerator tuning and system identification. This positions heetah as a user-friendly, readily extensible tool that integrates seamlessly with widely adopted machine learning tools. We showcase the utility of heetah through five examples, including reinforcement learning training, gradient-based beamline tuning, gradient-based system identification, physics-informed Bayesian optimization priors, and modular neural network surrogate modeling of space charge effects. The use of such a high-speed differentiable simulation code will simplify the development of machine learning-based methods for particle accelerators and fast-track their integration into everyday operations of accelerator facilities. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Intentional Inclusivity: Conducting a Diversity Audit on a STEM Monograph Collection

A diversity audit of the natural resources monographs took place in the spring and summer of 2022 at the California Polytechnic University, Humboldt Library. The goals of the audit were to construct a diversity audit that could be undertaken with very limited time and personnel availability. The findings have provided the library with important information about diversifying its science collections. This paper covers the audit methods, results, a discussion of the findings, and recommendations on best practices for diversifying science collections.

Factors impeding university students' participation in English extracurricular activities: Time constraints and personal obstacles

The incorporation of extracurricular activities (ECAs) that focus on the English language is of utmost importance in higher education as it serves to improve students' interpersonal abilities and proficiency in language. The objective of this study is to ascertain the primary variables that serve as deterrents to the active engagement of university students in these activities. The results highlight notable barriers, including limited time availability and individual issues such as diminished self-assurance in social engagements and restricted competency in the English language. The findings of this study have significant significance for individuals learning a new language and organizers of English language immersion programmes. The research provides valuable insights into the creation of immersive environments that effectively facilitate language acquisition, experiential learning, and enhanced social interactions among students.

Power Efficiency using Bank Capacitor Regulator on Field Service Shoes with Fast Charge Method

Power efficiency is a key factor in military equipment, including field service boots used by personnel in various field situations that often demand durability and reliable electricity availability. This research focused on improving the power efficiency of field service shoes by using capacitor bank regulators and fast charging methods. By designing and implementing this system, this research aims to optimize the use of power sources, extend battery life, and improve personnel comfort in the field. The method used in this research is the fast charge method. The fast charge method enables faster battery charging, which is important in field situations with limited time availability. The findings of this research show that the capacitor bank regulator can keep the DC output stable despite instability in the input. The total power usage in the circuit is 0.20 W, and the power efficiency is about 60.61%. The research shows the potential of this voltage conversion circuit for efficient applications. Although it has not achieved maximum efficiency, the capacitor bank regulator can maintain output stability even in input voltage instability. This circuit can effectively cope with voltage conversion in various applications with further optimization.

"Good fathers": Community perceptions of idealized fatherhood and reported fathering behaviors in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Globally, perceptions of idealized fatherhood have been expanding beyond men's breadwinning roles to also value men's engagement in nurturing care. While fathers' caregiving behaviors are increasing, most childcare activities are still largely performed by mothers. In this study, we unpacked community members' beliefs about the meaning of "good fathers" and explored the degree to which these values aligned with the main caregiving behaviors reported about fathers with young children under age 2 years in Mwanza, Tanzania. Qualitative data were collected as part of a broader formative research study for which we conducted in-depth interviews with 29 fathers, 23 mothers, 4 village leaders and 4 community health workers as well as 3 focus group discussions with fathers, 2 with mothers, and 6 with both fathers and mothers combined. For this secondary data analysis, we used a grounded theory approach combined with thematic content analysis to investigate the nature of fatherhood. We discovered four key ideals associated with "good fathers": fathers as providers, nurturers, supportive partners, and authoritarians. The primary ideal of fathers as breadwinners was strongly aligned with the main reported practice of fathers trying hard to financially providing for their families. However, paternal behaviors reflecting ideals of fathers as nurturers and supportive partners were less practiced. Although ideals towards good fathers as authoritarian were least explicitly valued, many fathers were reported as engaging in controlling behaviors and using violence. The links between fatherhood ideals and behaviors was influenced by various factors, including poverty, men's limited time availability at home, and restrictive gender norms. Overall, our results reveal some alignment but also inconsistencies between the ideal version of fatherhood and commonly reported paternal practices. These discrepancies highlight the need for further investigation into the underlying factors that both enable and constrain the links between fatherhood ideals and behaviors. Our study results have important implications for the design of interventions that seek to enhance fatherhood to improve the development and wellbeing of children and families.

Women's attitudes, prevalence, related factors, and perceived barriers of birth companionship in Saudi Arabia.

The World Health Organization recommends companionship as a critical element of respectful maternity care. However, there is paucity of literature regarding women's attitudes, related factors, and barriers of implementation in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess women's attitudes toward birth companionship during labor and delivery, related factors, and barriers of implementing labor companionship in Saudi Arabia. This study was carried out in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, using a cross-sectional design. The data collection took place over a period of approximately 6 months, specifically from 16 August 2021 to 20 February 2022. A total of 418 women who had given birth at three governmental hospitals and three private hospitals in Al Ahsa participated in the survey. The study included women between the ages of 18 and 49 years who had delivered during the study period. The study revealed that while around 82.8% of mothers expressed a desire for companionship during labor, only 43.2% actually had a labor companion present during delivery. The primary obstacle to labor companionship reported by 21.5% of respondents was hospital policies. Other barriers identified included husbands' fear of being present during labor (4.7%) and limited availability of time for companionship (3.8%). The study concludes that birth companionship is highly desired by women in the study area. However, various physical, emotional, and institutional barriers, such as hospital policies and regulations, impede its implementation. Addressing these barriers and promoting supportive policies are essential to facilitate the provision of birth companionship and improve the childbirth experience for women in Al Ahsa.

Scientific Publication and Evaluation of Sustainable Teacher Professional Development: Research in Madrasah Aliyah Metro City

The paper aims to examine the significance of teachers' ongoing professional development in the realm of scientific publications at Madrasah Aliyah in Metro City, as an indication of their dedication to enhancing the standard of education. The researcher employed a comprehensive technique to evaluate the surrounding circumstances of teachers' continuous professional growth when designing the research methodology. Information was acquired via interviews, observation, and examination of pertinent documents. Data sources encompass input from educators, school administrators, and pertinent records pertaining to professional growth and training. Data analysis approaches, such as classification, synthesis, and mapping, are used to get a thorough grasp of the context of teacher professional development in the field of scientific publications. The research findings indicate that the state of teachers' ongoing professional growth in the area of scientific publications at Madrasah Aliyah Metro City is still confronted with several obstacles. Teacher participation rates typically exhibit a tendency towards being insufficient, primarily due to obstacles such as limited time availability and inadequate backing from educational institutions. This research formulates solutions to enhance teacher participation by comprehending the underlying cause of the problem. In order to foster the ongoing professional development of instructors in the field of scientific publications, it is anticipated that a comprehensive strategy, which includes capacity building and proactive institutional assistance, would be implemented to establish a favorable environment. This result emphasizes the significance of enhancing policies and providing targeted incentives to promote and motivate teachers to enhance their involvement in scientific publication endeavors.

Statistical Prediction of [CII] Observations by Constructing Probability Density Functions Using SOFIA, Herschel, and Spitzer Observations

We present a statistical algorithm for predicting the [CII] emission from Herschel and Spitzer continuum images using probability density functions (PDFs) between the [CII] emission and continuum emission. The [CII] emission at 158[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m is a critical tracer in studying the life cycle of interstellar medium and galaxy evolution. Unfortunately, its frequency is in the far-infrared (FIR), which is opaque through the troposphere and cannot be observed from the ground except for highly red-shifted sources ([Formula: see text]). Typically [CII] observations of closer regions have been carried out using suborbital or space observatories. Given the high cost of these facilities and limited time availability, it is important to have highly efficient observations/operations in terms of maximizing science returns. This requires accurate prediction of the strength of emission lines and, therefore, the time required for their observation. However, [CII] emission has been hard to predict due to a lack of strong correlations with other observables. Here we adopt a new approach to making accurate predictions of [CII] emission by relating this emission simultaneously to several tracers of dust emission in the same region. This is done using a statistical methodology utilizing PDFs among [CII] emission and Spitzer IRAC and Herschel PACS/SPIRE images. Our test result toward a star-forming region, RCW 120, demonstrates that our methodology delivers high-quality predictions with less than 30% uncertainties over 80% of the entire observation area, which is more than sufficient to test observation feasibility and maximize science return. The pickle dump files storing the PDFs and trained neural network module are accessible upon request and will support future FIR missions, for example, GUSTO and FIR Probe.

Financial inclusion and poverty: evidence from developing economies

PurposeThis paper examines the impact of financial inclusion on poverty through access to mobile money in developing economies.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ the principal component analysis to construct an index of financial inclusion using demand and supply indicators, including mobile accounts. The authors use the two-step system GMM estimator for the analysis because of its efficiency and robustness in addressing heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation.FindingsThe main finding is that financial inclusion generally increased and significantly reduces poverty in the sample period. Furthermore, income inequality worsens poverty.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has few limitations. First, the empirical analysis of the study is restricted to macroeconomic factors only because of limited Household Finance Survey data set and time availability. Second, the study is limited to developing countries and the results cannot be generalized.Practical implicationsFinancial inclusion is a significant policy tool for poverty reduction. There is the need to enhance strategies that further improve financial inclusion by expanding and improving the use of mobile money accounts.Social implicationsThe paper sheds light on how developing countries can harness financial inclusion to reduce poverty.Originality/valueThe paper differs from the previous studies in two ways. Firstly, mobile money account is included in the computation of financial inclusion index over the sample period. It also determines the impact of financial inclusion on poverty for short-run and long-run periods.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-11-2021-0690

Active learning-assisted neutron spectroscopy with log-Gaussian processes

Neutron scattering experiments at three-axes spectrometers (TAS) investigate magnetic and lattice excitations by measuring intensity distributions to understand the origins of materials properties. The high demand and limited availability of beam time for TAS experiments however raise the natural question whether we can improve their efficiency and make better use of the experimenter’s time. In fact, there are a number of scientific problems that require searching for signals, which may be time consuming and inefficient if done manually due to measurements in uninformative regions. Here, we describe a probabilistic active learning approach that not only runs autonomously, i.e., without human interference, but can also directly provide locations for informative measurements in a mathematically sound and methodologically robust way by exploiting log-Gaussian processes. Ultimately, the resulting benefits can be demonstrated on a real TAS experiment and a benchmark including numerous different excitations.

PROGRAM IMITAN INDUSTRI SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN SERAPAN LULUSAN YANG BEKERJA DI DUNIA INDUSTRI DI SMK NEGERI 2 PENGASIH

Vocational High School graduates are the biggest contributor to the unemployment rate in Indonesia, therefore steps and actions are needed to overcome this. Industrial imitation is a program to increase the uptake of graduates in the industrial world. This program is an activity carried out at SMK N 2 Kasih, Kulon Progo. The aims of this study were to find out: (1) the management of the Imitan Industri program in an effort to increase graduate uptake in SMKs; (2) supporting factors for the Industrial Imitation program; (3) inhibiting factors for the Industrial Imitation program; (4) activity program in Industrial Imitation. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. Interviews, observations, and documentation studies are ways of collecting techniques. Data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and preparing recommendations are used in data analysis techniques. The results showed: (1) the management of the Industrial Imitation program at SMK N 2 Pengasih; (2) supporting factors in the form of adequate financial availability, planned and measurable programs, students who are enthusiastic about participating in the industrial imitation program, parents of students who support the industrial imitan program, professional educators; (3) the inhibiting factor in the form of limited time availability can be overcome by using hours outside of the KBM (Learning and Teaching Activities. There are not many companies that work together; (4) some of the activities in the Industrial Imitation program include physical training, psychological test training, training character, and material provision by alumni of the Industrial Imitation program.

Produce Safety Alliance Training: Long-Term Behavioral Change Study in the North Central Region

Starting in 2016, the Produce Safety Alliance (PSA) Grower Training has been offered as the only Food and Drug Administration–approved course to meet the Food Safety Modernization Act Produce Safety Rule educational requirements for produce growers. This study interviewed farmers four to six years after training to measure changes made. Other studies have measured change one year after training. The most common types of changes this study’s participants made were in the areas of health and hygiene and preventing cross-contamination. These changes did not differ by farm size. The authors expected farmers would have made more difficult changes, given the greater amount of time between taking the training and the study. However, the greatest barriers to making food safety changes—limited time, money, and labor availability—persisted for study participants. This study also found that human capital was the most effective resource that helped farms make food safety changes. Recommendations based on the study include prioritizing states' federally funded Cooperative Agreement Program *Author for correspondence: Phone: +1 319.559.2193; Email: arlene@iastate.edu (CAP) funds to pay for staff, taking advantage of the three ways to offer the PSA Grower Training, and investing in ways to help overcome the main barriers that growers identified: time, money, and labor constraints.

MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA BAHASA ARAB

Based on the fact, many students feel bored and feel Arabic as a difficult subject. Students will learn well if they can construct their own understanding of what is learned. Because learning is an intellectual activity that can generate ideas through observation and build new knowledge. In order for students' applicable learning experiences to be stronger, learning is needed which gives students the opportunity to do, try, and experience it for themselves. So a teacher must be good at choosing the right learning model. Contextual learning models will be able to assist teachers in providing applicative experiences and abilities in student learning. So as to form students who are more active, creative and productive. CTL learning is a learning concept that assumes that learning will be more meaningful if students learn and experience what they learn for themselves, not just knowing, and aims to equip students with flexible knowledge. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods, namely research that describes existing phenomena, both natural phenomena and human engineering. The results of this research are that in its application, the teacher prepares material and methods and for the next the teacher carries out the initial learning activities and core activities as well as evaluation as the final activity. The supporting factor of this study is the existence of madrasah at the Darissulaimaniyyah Islamic boarding school. High student motivation, different educational backgrounds of students. Varied learning activities. While the inhibiting factors are differences in the level of intelligence of students, differences in educational backgrounds of students, limited time availability

'Power to the People, to the people': Training for social prescribers improves support of persistent pain.

Supported self-management is an important aspect of managing pain, however widely held beliefs about the biomedical nature of pain and limited time availability can make it a tricky concept to introduce to patients. Social prescribers are in an ideal position to support self-management of pain if appropriate training is available to support them. This study aimed to evaluate training for social prescribers and to explore their opinions and experiences about providing self-management support. This was a mixed methods study. Repeated measures t-tests were used to compare the reported confidence of attendees in supporting different facets of self-management before and after the training. Thematic analysis of interviews was used to develop a deeper understanding of how participants related the training to their work with patients. Average confidence improved in all aspects of supporting self-management, and particularly with regard to supporting understanding pain, acceptance, pacing, setting goals, sleep and managing setbacks. Challenges were identified around explaining pain in an accurate and accessible way in order to provide a meaningful rationale for self-management. Training for social prescribers in self-management support is feasible and leads to improvements in self-reported confidence. Further research is needed to determine the impact on patients and over a longer period of time.