Likert-type Survey Research Articles

Educational transmedia narratives and the INAEP method: innovation and learning in the Colombian Context. Pilot study

This pilot study examined how higher education students in Colombia perceived innovation while interacting with a transmedia product. The study aimed to determine the perceived innovation in students as prosumers of a transmedia product called “El Bogotazo” and to evaluate the impact of the INAEP method on their learning. A quantitative correlational methodology was employed, involving 57 students from fields such as Advertising, Marketing, Business Administration, Accounting, and Law. A 20-question Likert-type survey assessed dimensions like innovation perception, learning, prosumer behavior, and ICC. Preliminary results showed significant direct relationships among all dimensions. Notably, students’ perceived innovation strongly correlated with their learning and prosumer roles in educational transmedia narratives. The study highlighted the importance of CCIs in education, positioning students as active prosumers and revealing the relationship between CCIs, innovation, and learning. The discussion confirmed the INAEP method’s potential to measure 21st-century competencies, emphasizing innovation, educational transmedia narratives, and students’ active roles in learning.

Surveying dentistry students' perspectives on anatomy education: A questionnaire-based study

Background/Aim: Anatomy plays a crucial role in medical and dental education, equipping students with vital knowledge for comprehending the human body and its clinical implications. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant transition to online learning, raising questions about the efficacy of virtual anatomy education. Additionally, recent natural disasters like earthquakes have disrupted traditional learning settings, highlighting the need for alternative methods such as online instruction. This study sought to investigate dentistry students' opinions on anatomy education, specifically comparing the perspectives of students affected by earthquakes with those who were not, to determine any disparities in their attitudes towards online anatomy courses. Methods: A voluntary survey was conducted on 135 first-year students at Çukurova University Faculty of Dentistry during the 2023-2024 academic year. A 5-point Likert-type survey with 21 questions was used for data collection. Results were presented as percentages and analyzed. The Likert scale ranged from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0, including Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk Tests for normal distribution assessment and the Mann-Whitney U-test for non-normally distributed scores comparison (P-value <0.05). Results: Students directly affected by earthquakes showed a significant difference in their perception of online education compared to unaffected students, particularly in the question "Theoretical anatomy course can be followed online" (P=0.036). Conclusion: This study provides insights for enhancing education planning and development based on student feedback.

The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in the Effect of Servant Leadership on Employee Performance: A Research on Saving Finance Sector

Purpose –The purpose of this article is to analyze the mediating role of job satisfaction in the effect of servant leadership on employee performance. Design/Methodology/Approach –The population of the research consists of 7000 employees who work in savings finance sector and live in Istanbul. The sample of the study which has a correlational quantitative design was selected by the "simple random" method. A 5-point and 7-point Likert-type survey was applied to the employees. The survey consists of a demographic part and three scales: Servant leadership scale, Job satisfaction scale, Employee performance scale. Data collected from 502 employees were analyzed through SPSS 26, AMOS 26, and PROCESS MACRO statistical programs. In the study, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and validity methods and mediator variable analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings –Servant leadership was found to have a direct significant effect on employee performance. The results of the analysis supports that servant leadership has a positive effect on job satisfaction and job satisfaction plays a mediating role in increasing employee performance.Discussion –It was concluded that the characteristics of servant leaders such as focusing on team members, trying to understand their needs, and providing support will positively affect the performance of employees by increasing their job satisfaction.

Matercergrado: aplicación móvil para aprender las matemáticas en tercer grado de primaria

The objective of this article was to demonstrate that the third-grade elementary school mobile application for mathematics, Matercergrado, enhanced collaborative problem-solving. The instructional design of the application followed the ADDIE methodology, and its creation employed the Mobile-D methodology. The research approach was mixed and descriptive, with a convenience sample of 18 participants from an elementary school in the municipality of Nezahualcóyotl, State of Mexico. These participants completed a Likert-type survey, validated using the Delphi method and Cronbach’s Alpha, which evaluated usability, interface design, functionality, thematic content, and comprehension of exercises and components. The results indicated that students highly appreciated Matercergrado, and teachers validated its thematic content and explanatory procedures for teaching mathematics. In addition, students reported collaborative and union sentiments while solving problems and doing exercises. Overall, Matercergrado achieved excellent results during the study, showing the potential to enhance students’ understanding and academic performance.

Comunidades Pesqueras Artesanales en la conformación de áreas naturales protegidas en el Golfo de California

Communities' participation in the declaration and management of protected natural areas (ANP) is studied to determine whether their operation meets their inhabitants' requirements and economic needs. The research uses a quantitative approach based on applying a Likert-type survey, which was conducted on 323 fishermen and inhabitants of two fishing communities located in the Gulf of Baja, California, Mexico. The results show that interaction with government authorities is not constant, and the fishermen's opinion was not considered in decision-making, which limits the search for solutions for fishing communities. It is concluded that without the active participation and support of fishermen in the planning and operation of the ANPs, government initiatives for their conservation and good management will have little chance of being effective.

Solid waste management awareness and practices in coastal communities

Effective solid waste management (SWM) is paramount for environmental sustainability and public health, particularly in coastal communities. This cross-sectional descriptive study determines SWM awareness and practices among 399 households in selected coastal barangays in the City of Mati, Davao Oriental, Philippines. Employing a structured four-point Likert-type survey through KoboCollect applications, this study evaluates SWM awareness and practices while examining the impact of socio-demographic factors on these aspects. The results reveal moderate SWM awareness (X̄=2.55) and practices (X̄=2.66) in these coastal communities, indicating a baseline level of environmental consciousness and waste management efforts. However, there was lack of familiarity with legal and regulatory frameworks (X̄=1.97), including the Republic Act 9003 and local ordinances related to SWM. Notable gaps are also identified in SWM practices, mainly in waste segregation (X̄ = 2.55) and avoidance to waste-burning (X̄=2.56). Socio-demographic factors, such as age, educational attainment, household size, and family income, significantly influence SWM awareness and practices. These findings underscore the need for targeted educational campaigns and community engagement strategies to enhance awareness of SWM regulations. Addressing these gaps is necessary for developing effective interventions to promote sustainable waste management practices in these coastal areas, thus protecting marine ecosystems and supporting the well-being of local communities.

A Pilot Study Approach to Assessing the Reliability and Validity of Relevancy and Efficacy Survey Scale

This paper is based on the pilot study that aims to assess the reliability and validity of the attitude measurement scale towards the relevance of mathematical knowledge of real analysis for secondary-level mathematics instruction. Research tool validation and reliability estimation are challenging due to the complexity of its procedure. This study establishes procedural guidance for piloting and tool validation. The survey method was used to conduct the pilot study. Thirty participants filled in the 45 indicators of relevance measurement and 10 mathematical efficacy measurement indicators. The reliability was assessed with Cronbach's Alpha formula while the validity of the questionnaire was examined through item-total correlation with each item by using Pearson's formula. The content validity index was also calculated based on the expert judgment method. The reliability indicator was found to be more than 0.70 and the validity indicator falls in the acceptable range. Therefore, developed scale is valid and reliable to measure the teachers' attitudes on the relevancy of mathematical knowledge of real analysis of school's mathematics instruction based on pilot study results. Furthermore, this study guides the pilot study procedure for survey research and especially benefits those looking to validate their Likert-type survey scale in any research.

Analysis of the strategic plan for the Acuña Ventures SAS company in Yopal city, Colombia

Nowadays, companies develop strategic plans for making the right decisions, focused on organizational goals and continuous improvement. The present work was carried out in order to analyze the strategic plan for the company Acuña Ventures SAS in the city of Yopal through the positivist methodology, quantitative approach, descriptive design from the application of a Likert-type survey to 5 workers in the administrative area of the company under study, this information allowed consolidating the development of matrices such as DIAMANTE DE PORTER, MEFE, MEFI, IE, DOFA, PEYEA, MICMAC, then the management tool Balanced Scorecard was implemented. In the analysis of the matrices, strategies for internal development, market development and market penetration are identified, focused on the improvement of internal processes, growth and expansion of the company Acuña Ventures SAS

Education, Language, and Cultural Concordance Influence Patient-Physician Communication in Orthopaedics

Background: Orthopaedic surgery has a diversity gap, as it is not representative of the racial or sex proportions of the U.S. population. This gap can lead to communication barriers stemming from health literacy, language proficiency, or cultural discordance that may contribute to current health inequities. This study assesses the influence of educational attainment, language, and cultural concordance on patient-physician communication. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 394 patients from an urban orthopaedic clinic were administered a Likert-type survey regarding race or ethnicity, educational level, communication, patient satisfaction, language proficiency, and culture. One-way analysis of variance, chi-square tests, and Welch t tests were used to evaluate responses. Results: The majority of subjects identified as African-American/Black (50%) or Hispanic/Latino (30%). Completing high school was associated with a better ability of the subjects to communicate with their orthopaedic surgeon (p < 0.001). Hispanic subjects reported lower English proficiency (p < 0.001) and decreased ability to communicate with their physician (p < 0.001) compared with other subjects, with educational attainment influencing their ability to understand their orthopaedic surgeon in English (p < 0.001). African-American and Hispanic patients placed greater importance on orthopaedic surgeons understanding their culture than White patients (p < 0.001). Hispanic patients who saw a language and culture-concordant surgeon valued having a Spanish-speaking surgeon more than Hispanic patients who did not see a concordant surgeon (p = 0.04). Conclusions: These results suggest that patient-physician language concordance, particularly in patients with lower education, may be essential to delivering high-quality patient care. Hispanic and African-American patients placed significantly greater importance on their orthopaedic surgeons understanding their culture. Hispanic patients frequently sought care with language-concordant surgeons and placed higher value on physicians understanding their culture. To better serve minority communities, efforts should be made to increase orthopaedic surgeons’ cultural humility and to recruit a diverse multilingual surgeon workforce. Clinical Relevance: This research demonstrates that cultural and language concordance, specifically between Hispanic patients and Hispanic, Spanish-speaking surgeons, can significantly enhance patient preference and potentially improve patient satisfaction and outcomes in orthopaedic care. Additionally, it underscores the importance of understanding and addressing the diversity within the field and the patient population to better meet the needs of a multicultural society.

Generative AI in Academic Research: A Descriptive Study on Awareness, Gender Usage, and Views among Pre-Service Teachers

This study investigated the engagement of Pre-Service Teachers (PSTs) with Generative AI (GAI) tools in their research projects, focusing on their awareness, source of awareness, usage pattern based on gender, and views of GAI tools in academic research. We adopted a descriptive survey method to collect data from one hundred and four PSTs across five institutions in Ghana using a five-point Likert-type survey instrument, which included an open-ended question. The quantitative data were analyzed using means, frequencies, percentages, standard deviations, and an independent samples t-test. The findings revealed that PSTs are familiar with GAI tools, especially ChatGPT and Google Bard. They learned about these tools through personal searches, recommendations from friends, and social media platforms. The PSTs used these tools in writing all chapters of their research projects, with the Introduction Chapter being the most common area of application, followed by the Discussion and Findings Chapter, the Literature Review Chapter, Methodology, and Summary and Conclusion. We also identified a significant gender disparity in the use of GAI tools, with male PSTs exhibiting a higher frequency of use compared to their female counterparts. Nonetheless, both genders expressed a positive attitude towards GAI tools in academic research, noting among other benefits that these tools provided them with confidence and independence in their research writing. However, they also recognized inaccuracies in the information provided by GAI tools, which led to skepticism about relying solely on these tools for their research projects. Consequently, they expressed a preference for support from their research supervisors, highlighting the importance of a balanced approach that combines the use of GAI tools with human supervision in academic research. While we recommend the integrating of GAI tools in teacher education programs, we strongly suggest that such integration should be complemented with comprehensive guidance on how these tools can be effectively used by PSTs to conduct original and advanced research.

Chatbots As Service Marketing Strategies, A Customer Experience Perspective

Marketing has always been updated in terms of environmental trends, in order to implement strategies according to current requirements, always being at the forefront as evidenced by the marketing 5.0 in which artificial intelligence has been incorporated through chatbots to be more competitive and offer a more satisfactory service experience to the customer The objective to be achieved with this research is to determine the level of customer satisfaction, in terms of their experience with the chatbots used by companies as part of their service marketing strategies. The study is situated in a quantitative research approach, and at the same time it is of a descriptive and explanatory type and level. The study population consisted of 50 graduates, from which the sample was calculated establishing a confidence level of 95%, with a margin of error of 5%, obtaining a sample of 45 graduates to be investigated. The instrument used to collect the information was based on a Likert-type survey, for which the estimated value of Crombach's Alpha for the instrument of this research represented 1.00, which guarantees that the reliability of the instrument applied is excellent. The results reveal that the level of satisfaction of users who have used chatbots at some point in time consider them to be satisfied and very satisfied with 66.7% and 24.4% respectively, which shows that this tool has become a fundamental factor for companies to improve their services as part of their marketing strategies.

Exploring local communities’ perceptions of protected area authorities: a case study from Khlong Lan National Park and Mae Wong National Park in Thailand

Rangers and local communities play a critical role in enforcing conservation in and around Protected Areas (PAs), yet, their role as planetary health workers and the their relationship dynamics has long been overlooked. This study assesses the relationship between communities and PA authorities in 39 villages adjacent to two high conservation value National Parks in Thailand. Using the responses of 200 participants gathered through a Likert-type survey questionnaire, we analyzed community perception of PA authorities using Ordinal Logistic Regression models. Results indicate good community-ranger relations in the study area. Specifically, regular communication and community involvement in decision-making significantly impact trust and respect towards PA authorities. The models further reveal that while education levels influence trust, a culture of respect for authority figures remains deeply rooted in local communities, highlighting the importance of good PA authorities’ engagement with communities. The results suggest that capacity building for field staff, in particular in social skills and collaboration with local communities, has the potential to improve the relation between communities and rangers. As global efforts intensify to achieve target 3 of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, this research offers valuable insights into fostering respectful and trusting relations between communities and PA authorities.

Teaching Experience on The Concept of Sensory Disability

The development of teaching skills from educational innovation seen from inclusive education recognizes the parameter of alignment from the role of how to relate new alternatives, the use of virtual reality in didactic situations device called SISI that accounts for the role of the relational aspects of teachers when faced with social problems, and collects through a Likert-type survey the perceptions of 166 teachers about their knowledge and teaching skills to work with deaf, blind, deafblind and low vision students. This is a descriptive, non-experimental, quantitative study. This type of alternative as a result of research in the field facilitates the coupling of new work elements.

Thermoregulation in Two Models of Trail Run Socks with Different Fabric Separation.

Trail running socks with the same fibers and design but with different separations of their three-dimensional waves could have different thermoregulatory effects. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the temperatures reflected on the sole of the foot after a mountain race with the use of two models of socks with different wave separations. In a sample of 34 subjects (twenty-seven men and seven women), the plantar temperature was analyzed with the thermal imaging camera Flir E60bx® (Flir systems, Wilsonville, OR, USA) before and after running 14 km in mountainous terrain at a hot temperature of 27 °C. Each group of 17 runners ran with a different model of separation between the waves of the tissue (2 mm versus 1 mm). After conducting the post-exercise thermographic analysis, a Likert-type survey was conducted to evaluate the physiological characteristics of both types of socks. There was a significant increase in temperature in all areas of interest (p < 0.001) after a 14 km running distance with the two models of socks. The hallux zone increased in temperature the most after the race, with temperatures of 8.19 ± 3.1 °C and 7.46 ± 2.1 °C for the AWC 2.2 and AWC 3, respectively. However, no significant differences in temperature increases were found in any of the areas analyzed between the two groups. Runners perceived significant differences in thermal sensation between AWC 2.2 socks with 4.41 ± 0.62 points and AWC 3 with 3.76 ± 1.03 points (p = 0.034). Both models had a similar thermoregulatory effect on the soles of the feet, so they can be used interchangeably in short-distance mountain races. The perceived sensation of increased thermal comfort does not correspond to the temperature data.

The impact of consumer-based brand equity on consumer attitude and intention towards electronic word-of-mouth: An empirical study on luxury brands in Saudi Arabia

Branding strategy is crucial in strengthening firms’ market competitiveness. This study examined the influence of brand equity of luxury brands on attitudinal responses and behavioral intentions of consumers towards electronic word-of-mouth. The population of this study was consumers in Saudi Arabia who search about online reviews of luxury brands on social media platforms. This study used a convenience sampling technique. The research data were collected on-line from 277 luxury brand consumers in Saudi Arabia using a quantitative Likert-type survey. SPSS and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used to examine the research hypotheses. The results of this study showed that brand equity and its components (brand image and brand awareness) have significant positive relationships with consumer attitude towards electronic word-of-mouth, as values of correlation coefficient were r = 0.440 and r = 0.396, respectively, at a significance level less than 0.01. Additionally, the results indicated that brand image and brand awareness have significant positive relationships with consumer intention to follow electronic word-of-mouth, as values of correlation coefficient were r = 0.336, r = 0.360, respectively, at a significance level less than 0.01. The findings of this study provide valuable theoretical and practical implications for managers and marketers in the luxury brand sector.

Family violence screening and disclosure response: a public mental health service consumer survey

Background: Family violence (FV) is a significant problem that has a bidirectional link with mental health functioning. This research aimed to investigate family violence screening and response practices in a Victorian public adult mental health service, NorthWestern Mental Health, from the consumer perspective. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, electronic consumer survey was created, utilising the Royal Melbourne Hospital Patient Survey FV screening and response tool. Data were collected over a two-month time period, via iPad. Clinicians invited all consumers (age range 18 to 64 years) attending the service to participate on data collection days, unless any of the exclusion criteria were present: a) clinical interaction occurring in a non-confidential environment; b) acute distress/crisis; c) clinician concerns about affecting rapport; and d) cognitive impairment, known disability or diminished capacity preventing them from reading or understanding the survey questions. Categorical and Likert type survey responses were explored descriptively. All variables collected in the survey were provided, specifically the percentage of responses in each category for each question. Free-text responses were analysed using qualitative description of the text-box response content. Results: 35 consumers participated. 47% reported being screened for at least one family violence issue on at least one occasion. 26% reported disclosing FV concerns. All those disclosing felt mildly or very supported by the clinician’s response, and two-thirds received assistance they found helpful. 9% reported wanting to disclose FV concerns but not feeling comfortable to do so. Consumers indicated that FV should be spoken about more, that receiving assistance is helpful, but that responses varied in quality depending on the discipline of the clinician. Conclusion: FV screening rates were found to be suboptimal as unmet needs were identified. Further training and services changes are required to improve screening rates, increase client comfort to disclosure, and optimise the clinical response to disclosures.

Family violence screening and disclosure response: A public mental health service consumer survey.

Background: Family violence (FV) is a significant problem that has a bidirectional link with mental health functioning. This research aimed to investigate family violence screening and response practices in a Victorian public adult mental health service, NorthWestern Mental Health, from the consumer perspective. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, electronic consumer survey was created, utilising the Royal Melbourne Hospital Patient Survey FV screening and response tool. Data were collected over a two-month time period, via ipad. Clinicians invited all consumers (age range 18 to 64 years) attending the service to participate on data collection days, unless any of the exclusion criteria were present: a) clinical interaction occurring in a non-confidential environment; b) acute distress/crisis; c) clinician concerns about affecting rapport; and d) cognitive impairment, known disability or diminished capacity preventing them from reading or understanding the survey questions. Categorical and Likert type survey responses were explored descriptively. All variables collected in the survey were provided, specifically the percentage of responses in each category for each question. Free-text responses were analysed using qualitative description of the text-box response content. Results: 35 consumers participated. 47% reported being screened for at least one family violence issue on at least one occasion. 26% reported disclosing FV concerns. All those disclosing felt mildly or very supported by the clinician’s response, and two-thirds received assistance they found helpful. 9% reported wanting to disclose FV concerns but not feeling comfortable to do so. Consumers indicated that FV should be spoken about more, that receiving assistance is helpful, but that responses varied in quality depending on the discipline of the clinician. Conclusion: FV screening rates were found to be suboptimal as unmet needs were identified. Further training and services changes are required to improve screening rates, increase client comfort to disclosure, and optimise the clinical response to disclosures.

PROSER: A Web-Based Peripheral Blood Smear Interpretation Support Tool Utilizing Electronic Health Record Data.

Peripheral blood smear (PBS) interpretation represents a cornerstone of pathology practice and resident training but has remained largely static for decades. Here, we describe a novel PBS interpretation support tool. In a mixed-methods quality improvement study, a web-based clinical decision support (CDS) tool to assist pathologists in PBS interpretation, PROSER, was deployed in an academic hospital over a 2-month period in 2022. PROSER interfaced with the hospital system's electronic health record and data warehouse to obtain and display relevant demographic, laboratory, and medication information for patients with pending PBS consults. PROSER used these data along with morphologic findings entered by the pathologist to draft a PBS interpretation using rule-based logic. We evaluated users' perceptions of PROSER with a Likert-type survey. PROSER displayed 46 laboratory values with corresponding reference ranges and abnormal flags, allowed for entry of 14 microscopy findings, and computed 2 calculations based on laboratory values; it composed automated PBS reports using a library of 92 prewritten phrases. Overall, PROSER was well received by residents. In this quality improvement study, we successfully deployed a web-based CDS tool for PBS interpretation. Future work is needed to quantitatively evaluate this intervention's effects on clinical outcomes and resident training.

Educational Prospects in Promoting and Strengthening Peace in Pakistan: A mixed method study

Education plays a vital role in the establishment of Peace in a country. It does so by developing tolerance, unity of the human race, and respect for all human beings among the people. The study aimed to explore educational prospects for promoting and strengthening Peace in Pakistan. Two thousand teachers for the teacher survey (TS) were selected by multi-stage stratified and convenience sampling. Interviews of educationists and students were conducted to make cross discussion on results of TS. A mixed method, convergent parallel research design was used in this study. A Likert-type survey scale was used to collect quantitative data, and interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data about the research problem. Mean ANOVA, correlation, and regression were applied to analyze quantitative data, and thematic and content analyses were used to analyze qualitative data. The results of TS reveal that teachers are not sure that the aims of education include the promotion of Peace in the country as an objective and curriculum of the secondary and higher secondary level has sufficient material for promoting Peace in the country. The teachers agree that they adopt a peace-promoting teaching strategy and evaluation. However, the results of student interviews reveal that the teaching strategy adopted by the teachers for promoting Peace is very poor, and the evaluation of peace attitudes is informal, not formal. The results of educationists' interviews reveal that education can play a crucial role in promoting Peace in the country through aims and objectives, curriculum, teaching strategy, and evaluation.

An Open Platform Microcontroller-Based Laser Refractometer

This exercise encompassed the construction and use of a microcontroller-based laser refractometer. The instrument, which does not require a high skill level to build, primarily consisted of a line laser, optical sensor, several 3-D printed parts and printed circuit boards, and a microcontroller development board. Construction and testing of the device occurred in upper division analytical chemistry courses, either quantitative analysis or instrumental methods, and data analysis of real-world samples took place in the general chemistry laboratory. Open-source software was used to (a) communicate between a laptop and microcontroller and (b) record data in real-time directly to an Excel spreadsheet utilizing visual Basic for applications (VBA) an event driven programming language that is part of Microsoft Office applications. In addition to collecting the data, general chemistry students used Excel to generate a calibration curve and determine the concentration of ethylene glycol in an antifreeze sample. Student engagement was assessed using a Likert-type survey, and the results were analyzed using statistical methods. Laboratory reports and a postlab quiz were used to assess student learning outcomes.