Lightweight Ceramsite Research Articles

Study on the Influence of Curing Conditions on the Inhomogeneity of Lightweight Ceramsite Concrete Wallboard

Study on the Influence of Curing Conditions on the Inhomogeneity of Lightweight Ceramsite Concrete Wallboard

An experimental investigation to predict the compressive strength of lightweight Ceramsite aggregate UHPC using boosting and bagging techniques

Ceramsite aggregate concrete is renowned for its lightweight properties but often exhibits low compressive strength (CS), limiting its structural applications. This study introduces ultra-high-performance powder into Ceramsite aggregate concrete to enhance its CS while maintaining low density. Achieving optimal CS for this composite material requires a carefully designed mix. In this research, advanced machine learning (ML) techniques, including random forest, extreme gradient boosting, categorical boosting, light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), natural gradient boosting (NGBoost), and adaptive boosting, were employed to predict the CS of lightweight Ceramsite aggregate UHPC (LWCA-UHPC). The study utilized 189 datasets from the authors' own experimental results for training and testing the models. The results demonstrated that NGBoost and LightGBM outperformed other models, with R² values of 0.9614 and 0.9645, respectively, in the testing phase. The models also showed low errors, with NGBoost having a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.0624 and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.9140, while LightGBM recorded an MAE of 2.0161 and an RMSE of 2.7778. Moreover, feature importance and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analyses revealed that the most influential factors affecting the CS of LWCA-UHPC were cement content, density, sand, and Ceramsite aggregate content, consistent with experimental findings. Additionally, a graphical user interface was developed to integrate the hybrid ML model into a user-friendly desktop tool, achieving an R² value of 0.9671 with a low mean squared error of 3.5204 when tested against experimental datasets. This tool not only enables practical applications in engineering but also helps reduce the need for extensive experimental work by providing accurate predictions of CS.

Selection Results of Solid Material for Horizontal and Highly-Deviated Well Completion Gravel-Packing: Experiments, Numerical Simulation and Proposal

Lightweight and ultra-lightweight solid materials are being used in gravel packing for horizontal wells instead of traditional quartz and ceramsite to decrease the risk of premature plugging and improve packing efficiency. Physical and numerical simulation experiments of gravel packing were conducted to assess the effectiveness of reducing solid material density and investigate its impact on packing and sand control. Packed gravel destabilization experiments highlighted the importance of high-compaction degree packing for effective sand control. Further gravel packing experiments examined the packing performance of different solid materials, revealing that lightweight solids have minimal gravitational deposition effect because their density is similar to the gravel slurry, relying primarily on fluid flow for compaction. The numerical simulation indicated that lightweight ceramsite is unsuitable for horizontal and highly-deviated wells because of its poor compaction degree and sand control, especially with high-viscosity slurry. High-density particles enhance gravitational deposition, improving packing compaction and sand control. Lightweight materials are recommended only when advanced plugging of α wave packing cannot be avoided. In highly-deviated wells, high-density materials significantly improve packing stability and sand control. This study provides clear technical guidelines for selecting solid materials for gravel packing in horizontal and highly-deviated wells.

Experimental Investigation and Bayesian Assessment for Permeability Characteristics of Lightweight Ceramsite Concrete.

Ceramsite concrete is one of the most widely used lightweight concretes at present. Although mechanical properties of ceramsite concrete have been extensively discussed, its permeability characteristics are neglected in previous studies. Considering the importance of permeability resistance to concrete, the permeability grade and residual compressive strength after permeability of ceramsite concrete are analyzed in this study. The influence of ceramsite content and size on the permeability grade and residual strength of ceramsite concrete were investigated by the orthogonal experimental method. To further understand the above influence, an improved Bayesian framework for small sample data is also established to analyze the permeability grade and residual strength. Results show that the water-binder ratio and the content of 20-30 mm ceramsite aggregates are the most and least significant influencing factors affecting the permeability characteristics, respectively. The 5-10 mm and 10-20 mm ceramsite aggregates play secondary roles. Increasing 5-10 mm and 10-20 mm ceramsite aggregates is not helpful for improving the permeability resistance of ceramsite concrete. Compared with the orthogonal method, the proposed Bayesian framework is a useful tool for revealing the effects of various factors, which can cut the time cost and provide parameter visualization for the analysis process. Results show that the permeability resistance and residual strength of ceramsite concrete are improved significantly under optimal conditions. The permeability grade and residual strength are increased 200% and 80.3%, respectively. In addition, the residual strength may be more suitable for evaluating the permeability characteristics than the permeability grade.

Transforming waste perlite into super lightweight ceramsite: Ratios optimization via uniform design, and investigating calcium fluoride and silicon carbide effects on foaming

The utilization of waste perlite powder generated from mining operations in the construction industry represents a significant step towards enhancing environmental sustainability. This study applies a uniform design of experiments to delve into the apparent density characteristics of super lightweight ceramsite concerning the proportions of solid waste materials, with a particular focus on waste perlite powder. To gain insights into the apparent density, first- and second-order polynomial equations were developed. These equations are founded on the utilization of five core raw materials, including waste perlite powder, fly ash, bentonite, calcium fluoride, and silicon carbide, and were meticulously analyzed using stepwise regression techniques. This approach led to the successful optimization of test ratios, achieving the envisioned outcomes. Additionally, the research explores the influence of calcium fluoride and silicon carbide on the foaming properties of materials under varying maximum sintering temperature conditions. Ultimately, the optimized conditions yielded super lightweight ceramsite with impressive properties, boasting a bulk density of 281 kg/m³, water absorption efficiency of 1.2%, and a compressive strength of 2.72 MPa. This research showcases the potential for utilizing waste perlite powder in the construction industry, not only as a sustainable alternative but also as a means to reduce environmental impact. The development of super lightweight ceramsite underlines the promise of eco-friendly construction materials, driving forward the agenda of environmentally responsible building practices.

A Study of the Performance of Short-Column Aggregate Concrete in Rectangular Stainless Steel Pipes under Axial Compression

In this study, 18 short-column lightweight ceramsite concrete samples were prepared in rectangular stainless steel pipes, which were used for axial pressure performance tests that took the cross-sectional length–width ratio of the rectangular stainless steel pipe (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0), the wall thickness of the steel pipe (3 mm, 4 mm and 5 mm), and the strength grade of the filled concrete (C20 and C30) as the main parameters. Then, the failure patterns, axial load–displacement curve, axial load–strain curve, ultimate bearing capacity and the interaction between the steel pipe and concrete in the specimens were measured. The test results revealed that the short-column concrete specimens in the steel pipes exhibited typical shear failure and “waist-bulging” failure under axial compressive loads. In the elastic stage, the bearing capacity of the specimens was able to reach 65–85% of the ultimate bearing capacity, with the residual bearing capacity essentially reaching 70% of the ultimate bearing capacity. Furthermore, the ultimate bearing capacity of the specimens demonstrated an increase with the rise in the strength grade of the filled concrete, with the thickness of the stainless steel pipe and with the decrease in the length–width ratio of the steel pipe cross-section. The specimens exhibited a distinct hoop effect. As the length–width ratio decreased and the hoop coefficient increased, the ductility coefficient and the strength enhancement coefficient basically displayed an increasing tendency, while the concrete contribution ratio exhibited a decreasing trend.

Experimental study on small eccentric compression performance of RC short columns strengthened by full lightweight ceramsite concrete

Full lightweight ceramsite concrete (FLCC) has a promising future in the field of reinforcement and retrofit, due to its excellent properties of light weight and high strength, especially when structures to be strengthened suffer from a combination of axial and bending forces. Small eccentric compression tests were conducted on RC short columns strengthened by FLCC, and compared with existing columns. Performance indices such as cracking, ultimate bearing capacity, ductility, lateral deflection, and steel bar strain were investigated for both strengthened and existing columns under the influence of load eccentricity. Moreover, the load eccentricity was extended using finite element simulation. The results indicated the following: Compared with the existing columns, cracks in the strengthened columns developed more slowly, and the failure process was significantly delayed. In addition, the old concrete and FLCC were well bonded, and the overall cooperative force was stable. The cracking load, ultimate bearing capacity, and ductility of the strengthened columns were increased by 89.1%–257.9%, 110.9%–195.8%, and 14.9%–17.8%, at different load eccentricities respectively, compared with that of the existing columns. Combining the test results and finite element simulation, an obvious linear decline relationship was obtained between the load eccentricity and the ultimate bearing capacity of the columns. Finally, a formula for calculating the compressive bearing capacity of the strengthened columns was derived, and the calculated theoretical values were in good agreement with the comparison of the tested and simulated values. This study was hoped to provide a theoretical reference in the practical application of RC columns strengthened by lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC).

Preparation and Performance Investigation of Epoxy Resin-Based Permeable Concrete Containing Ceramsite.

Permeable concrete is an innovative type of concrete that provides a sustainable solution for stormwater management by allowing water to seep through and be filtered naturally. This study focuses on the preparation and performance investigation of an epoxy resin-based permeable concrete containing ceramsite. In this study, ceramsite, a lightweight aggregate, is used as a substitute for conventional aggregates in the concrete mixture. The epoxy resin is then added to improve the strength and durability of the concrete. A series of tests, including compressive strength, water permeability, and freeze-thaw resistance tests, are conducted to evaluate the performance of the epoxy resin-based permeable concrete. The results show that with an increasing epoxy resin binder-aggregate ratio, the compressive strength of the epoxy resin-based permeable concrete significantly increases while the permeability coefficient decreases. Different types of aggregates have varying effects on the compressive strength and permeability coefficient of epoxy resin-based permeable concrete, with high-strength clay ceramsite providing the highest compressive strength and lightweight ceramsite having the highest permeability coefficient. In addition, the discrete element simulation method effectively and feasibly determines the ultimate load and accurately simulates the compressive strength of the permeable cement-based mixture, consistent with the measured compressive strength. A quadratic polynomial regression analysis yielded an R2 value of around 0.93, showing a strong relationship between durability and freeze-thaw cycles. The findings contribute to the development of sustainable construction materials for stormwater management and offer potential applications in various infrastructure projects.

Study on the post-fire axial compressive performance of the lightweight ceramsite foamed concrete sandwich composite shear wall

This study is carried out to develop a new lightweight ceramsite foamed concrete sandwich composite shear wall, which is a new and affordable building system. The shear wall consists of two ordinary concrete wythes and a ceramsite foamed concrete intermediate sandwich layer between the wythes. Experimental investigation on five shear wall specimens is conducted by varying the parameters such as thickness of the ordinary concrete wythes and the insulation layer, reinforcement pattern and constrained component. Besides, by conducting fire test and axial compressive load test, the results are obtained, including the apparent phenomenon after fire, crack pattern and failure modes, load capacity, load-out of plane curve, strain distribution of the composite sandwich shear wall. The results show that sandwich ceramsite foamed concrete has good thermal insulation performance, and the compositeness of wythes and sandwich layer has reached in a certain degree. However, the compositeness of specimen using truss bars is weaken in the late loading stage and truss bars are advised to be used with the horizontal tie bars in practical engineering application. Compared with other specimens, the experiment ultimate strength has been increased by approximately 75 % by arranging the constrained component on the wall. Finite Element (FE) analysis is also conducted by ABAQUS and the results shows good agreement with experiment results, indicating that the FE model can be used to predict the behavior of the sandwich composite shear wall. Based on the existing methods, a modified method to calculate ultimate compressive bearing capacity after fire is proposed, with the maximum calculation error of 19 %, which shows that all methods can be applied to the practical engineering design.

Effect of Planting Rebars on the Shear Strength of Interface between Full Lightweight Ceramsite Concrete and Ordinary Concrete

The use of full lightweight ceramsite concrete (FLWCC) for the repair of ordinary concrete (OC) structures has a good application prospect in the field of engineering structural strengthening. However, the interface here is less studied at present. For this purpose, 10 sets of FLWCC (new concrete)–OC (old concrete) specimens were produced for the shear test to test the bonding properties of the interface. The results showed that the damage form was changed from brittle damage to ductile damage after strengthening. It was proven that planting rebars in the interface could improve the shear performance. The interface shear strength increased with the number of rebars and it had a better effect after the number was more than 2. The strength was related to the rebar diameter and the maximum was obtained when the diameter was 8 mm. The most suitable spacing of the bars was 80 mm. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the number of rebars had the greatest effect on shear strength followed by rebar diameter, while the effect of the spacing of the bars was less pronounced. Moreover, Fib’s (2010) specification of the interface shear strength formula could be used for the calculation of FLWCC–OC.

Study on Flexural Strength of Interface between Full Lightweight Ceramsite Concrete and Ordinary Concrete

The efficacy of full lightweight ceramsite concrete as a restorative material has been widely acknowledged, given its light weight, strength, and durability. However, the extent of its performance in repairing existing or old concrete remains uncertain. This study examined the reparation of flexural performance with full lightweight ceramsite concrete, using 14 different combinations of old and new concrete test blocks. The primary focus of the study was on investigating the flexural bond strength of the interface between the old and the new concrete. This included understanding the effects of the interfacial roughness, interfacial agent type, and concrete curing age of the concrete on the flexural strength. The test results showed that increasing the interface roughness from 0 mm to 5 mm resulted a restoration of the flexural strength of the sample by approximately 59%. Additionally, the flexural strength of the specimens was restored by 62%–78% of their original strength with the application of different types of interfacial agent. To rank the impact of these factors on the flexural strength, a univariate analysis of variance was conducted. This allowed us to establish a mathematical formula for calculating the flexural capacity of old and new concrete interfaces, taking the three aforementioned factors into account.

Preparation of lightweight ceramsite from solid waste lithium slag and fly ash

Lithium slag and fly ash are two types of solid wastes generated in large quantities in current industrial activities, which are often treated by storage methods because they contain harmful substances that cannot be used directly. According to the properties of the two solid wastes, this paper provided a novel eco-friendly utilization method of preparing them into small balls and roasting them at high temperature to produce lightweight ceramsite, and the properties and preparation mechanism of ceramsite were investigated. The results of the optimum conditions were as follows: the ratio of lithium slag: fly ash: kaolinite: albite, 40: 40: 10: 10; drying temperature 105 °C for 1 h; preheating temperature 500 °C for 15 min; sintering temperature 1240 °C for 20 min. Under these conditions, the apparent and bulk densities of ceramsite were 0.86 and 0.46 kg/m3, respectively, with a compressive strength of 1.76 MPa and a water absorption of 0.96%. Microstructural and crystalline phase analyses revealed that at the appropriate roasting temperature, the liquid phase on the surface of ceramsite and the generated gas acted to swell and form uniformly sized pores inside, and anorthite and mullite crystalline phases were formed. Thus, the prepared ceramsite was characterized by light weight, high strength, and low toxic leaching. This research filled the gap in the application of solid lithium slag in construction materials and innovatively combined lithium slag with fly ash to produce a new type of lightweight ceramsite. The use of solid waste to produce lightweight ceramsite provided a feasible way for harmless utilization and is of great significance to truly solve the environmental and reuse problems of solid waste.

The Effect of Functional Ceramsite in a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor and Its Ammonium Nitrogen Adsorption Mechanism

For aquaculture wastewater with low ammonium nitrogen concentration, combining the carrier adsorption and biological nitrogen removal processes can maximize their respective advantages. Functional ceramsite that has excellent ammonium nitrogen adsorption performance and excellent biocompatibility was the key to the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) adsorption—shortcut simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (shortcut SND) process. Our group prepared a high-strength lightweight ceramsite that met those requirements. In this study, we applied functional ceramsite in MBBR to cope with low-concentration ammonium aquaculture wastewater. The findings show that utilizing functional ceramsite as a filler was conducive to the adhesion of microorganisms. The biofilm has a minimal effect on the adsorption capacity of ceramsite due to the existence of pores on its surface. Our study further examined the NH4+-N adsorption mechanism of bio-ceramsite. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model and the quasi-second-order kinetic model had better fitting effects on the NH4+-N adsorption process. The adsorption of bio-ceramsite to NH4+-N was an endothermic process that included physical and chemical adsorption. Furthermore, the results of adsorption thermodynamics suggested that bio-ceramsite has an affinity for the adsorption of NH4+-N. Consequently, this functional ceramsite can be a promising option for MBBR to improve nitrogen removal from aquaculture wastewater.

Preparation of lightweight ceramsite by stone coal leaching slag, feldspar, and pore-forming reagents

In this study, lightweight ceramsite was prepared by stone coal leaching slag (SCLS), feldspar, and various pore-forming reagents via the roasting process, and the effect of raw meal ratio, roasting temperature, and roasting dwelling time on ceramsite features was investigated through orthogonal and single-factor experiments. The bulk density of ceramsite decreased from 900.0 to 762.0 kg/m3 when the content of Fe2O3 increased from 0 to 6 %. Under the optimal conditions (SCLS: feldspar: Fe2O3 = 65: 29: 6 and roasting at 1150 °C for 25 min), the ceramsite possessed a bulk density of 762 kg/m3 and water absorption of 2.4 %, which meet the Chinese standards for ceramsite (GB/T 17431.1–2010). The adsorption of the ceramsite was then characterized by different adsorption models and adsorption–desorption curves. The specific surface area of prepared ceramsite was 1.717 m2/g, which was suitable to produce adsorption materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the peak intensity of quartz and feldspar decreased and the cristobalite phase appeared with the increase in temperature, which helps to enhance the strength of sintered ceramsite. The major crystalline phases of the prepared ceramsite were quartz, feldspar, hematite, and cristobalite at 1,150 °C. The leaching concentration of heavy metals in ceramsite was far below the limited value of GB 5085.3–2007, which means that heavy metals were wrapped inside ceramsite. This study demonstrates a practical use for SCLS, potentially eliminating its damage to the environment, and provides guidance for SCLS-based ceramsite production.

Preparation of lightweight ceramsite from remediated soil, waste glass and ceramics

Abstract Lightweight ceramsite is the core material for building to achieve energy-saving and low-carbon operation. The disposal of remediated soil by Cr (VI)-contaminated waste glass and ceramics after remediation has always been a major problem in the environmental field. Herein, it analyzed the composition and sintering process of the above three solid wastes, after studying the component preparation and firing process, lightweight ceramsites with bulk density and grain density of 626.79 kg/m3 and 1142.56 kg/m3, respectively, were successfully prepared, and the leaching concentration of Cr (VI) was controlled at a low concentration level below 0.06 mg/L. Compared with the conventional ceramsite preparation technology, the method of firing ceramsite by the remediated soil, waste glass and ceramics can effect eliminate the environmental risk of solid waste and effectively reduce the consumption of clay and other resources, which has the technical advantages of safety, reliability, green and low carbon.

Predicting the Release and Migration of Potentially Harmful Elements (PHEs) during the Lightweight Ceramsite Preparation from Carbide Slag

When preparing lightweight ceramsite using carbide slag, trace amounts of toxic elements are released into the atmosphere due to high-temperature calcination, posing a significant risk to the environment. The real-time monitoring of the released gases is challenging under laboratory conditions while preparing large quantities of ceramsite. Therefore, heating was simulated using experimental data and the FactSage 7.0 thermochemical database to study the release of harmful Al-, C-, H-, S-, and F-containing elements when using carbide slag to prepare lightweight ceramsite. The results indicated that no Al, C, H, S, or F elements were evident in the high-temperature liquid products obtained in a 50 °C to 1150 °C calcination temperature range. Al was present in a solid state with no gaseous products. When the temperature reached 450 °C, CO gas was released and its level increased as the temperature rose. H and S mainly combined into H2S gas, starting at 250 °C and reaching a peak at 1050 °C. H and F primarily combined into HF, starting at 400 °C. Other F-containing gases mainly included SiF4 and TiF3, which began to release at 800 °C and 900 °C, respectively. The release trends of HF, SiF4, and TiF3 were consistent with those of CO. This study aimed to conduct an environmental impact and management assessment for the preparation of lightweight ceramsite using carbide slag. The use of raw material carbide slag for the low-cost treatment of tail gas was proposed, which provides theoretical and up-to-date support for greening the application of the process.

The Workability and Mechanical Performance of Fly Ash Cenosphere-Desert Sand Ceramsite Concrete: An Experimental Study and Analysis.

In order to alleviate the shortage of sand resources for construction, make full use of industrial waste and promote the development of green lightweight aggregate concrete in the desert and surrounding areas, this paper proposes a new lightweight ceramsite concrete, fly ash cenospheres and desert sand ceramsite concrete (FDCC). An orthogonal test was conducted to analyze the effects of the desert sand (DS) replacing ratio, fly ash cenosphere (FAC) replacing ratio and polymer emulsion (PLE) addition on the damage patterns, slump, apparent density and compressive strength of the FDCC. The results showed that the most influential factors for the slump, apparent density and compressive strength of the FDCC were the FAC replacing ratio, FAC replacing ratio and DS replacing ratio, respectively. Meanwhile, the PLE addition had little effect on the workability or mechanical performance of the FDCC. With the increase in the DS replacing ratio, the slump decreased rapidly and the compressive strength reached its peak value, increasing by 20.6% when the DS replacing ratio was 20%. With the increase in the FAC replacing ratio, the slump increased by 106%, the apparent density decreased gradually and the compressive decreased and then increased, reaching its lowest value when the FAC replacing ratio was 20%. According to the synthetic evaluation analysis, the optimum DS replacing ratio, FAC replacing ratio and PLE addition of the FDCC were 20%, 30% and 1%, respectively.

Preparation and properties of high-strength lightweight aggregate ceramsite from nepheline tailings

Nepheline tailings (NTs) were made into pellets and then transformed to lightweight aggregate ceramsites by sintering approach, the effects of mix composition and sintering process on air-void structure and performance were studied. The results show that introducing mineralizer, rising sintering temperature and extending holding time increased air-void size, decreased density, reduced cylinder compressive strength and rose water absorption of NT-based ceramsite. Acceleration of heating rate led to the increase of density, resulting in strength enhancement, but heating rate of 20 ℃/min caused uneven air-voids, weakening strength. Dense enamel layer on surface, suitable air-void structure and well-crystallized nepheline of ceramsite contributed to preparation of high-strength lightweight ceramsite with a NT content of 93 % to 97 %, bulk density of 577 kg/m3 to 823 kg/m3, cylinder compressive strength of 4.3 MPa to 9.3 MPa and a low water absorption of 0.3 % to 0.8%

Study on splitting tensile strength of interface between the full lightweight ceramsite concrete and ordinary concrete

As a common lightweight aggregate concrete, the full lightweight ceramsite concrete has a very good engineering prospect, especially in the repair and reinforcement of existing concrete buildings. However, there were few studies on this aspect. The repair effect of repairing the structures of existing concrete (old concrete) with full lightweight ceramsite concrete (new concrete) was unknown. The influence of various factors on the tensile properties of this old and new concrete interface was unclear. In addition, the relevant calculation formula was also urgently needed to be investigated. This led to a lack of scientific reference in practical engineering. Therefore, ordinary concrete and full lightweight ceramsite concrete were used as the substrate material and the repair material, respectively. The tensile properties of interface between the full lightweight ceramsite concrete and ordinary concrete were systematically investigated by splitting tensile tests. As a result of this research, the repair effect of this restoration method was first obtained. Secondly, the relationship between three factors (the roughness of the interface, the interfacial agent and the difference in the curing age of the old and new concrete) and the tensile properties of the old and new concrete interface was revealed. Besides, the effects of these three factors on the tensile properties of the interface were quantified and ranked. Finally, a formula for calculating the tensile bearing capacity of the old and new concrete interface considering these three factors was established.

Behavior of CFS shear walls infilled with lightweight ceramsite concrete under cyclic loading

To meet the lateral resistance requirement for cold-formed steel (CFS) shear walls in multistory buildings, a novel CFS shear wall filled with lightweight ceramsite concrete is proposed in this paper. Three full-scale specimens were conducted under cyclic loading to evaluate their failure mode, bearing capacity, lateral stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation. The experimental results showed that the main failures of the walls were bond-slip cracks between the CFS framing and fillers, cracking of sheathings, and compression failure at the corners of the fillers. The bearing capacity and energy dissipation of the infilled walls were superior to that of unfilled wall. Increasing the stud section area could improve the lateral behavior of the wall. Finite element (FE) models were introduced to simulate the shear performance of the test specimens. The numerical simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results; hence, the FE models for simulating CFS shear walls were validated. Subsequently, a parametric study was performed by varying the parameters, including the ceramsite concrete strength, wall thickness, aspect ratio, steel strength, and sheathing material. Furthermore, a calculation method was proposed to determine the bearing capacity of the CFS shear walls. The calculated results agree well with the experimental results. A comparison between the proposed CFS shear walls and existing CFS shear walls showed that the lateral performance of the proposed walls was higher than that of CFS shear walls.