Lighting Situations Research Articles

Survey of ocular abnormalities in a population of Turkmen horses.

The aim of this study was to detect and describe ocular abnormalities in a population of Turkmen horses. A total of 55 Turkmen horses (33 mares and 22 stallions) from one herd were evaluated in this study. Demographic data (Age, Sex, Coat color) were recorded. All animals underwent complete ophthalmic examination. The Schirmer tear test -I (STT-I) was performed for all horses prior to other diagnostic tests. Neuro-ophthalmic examinations (menace response, dazzle reflex, pupillary light reflex, maze test, and visual tracking) were carried out in different lighting situations (bright and dim lights). Slit lamp biomicroscopy, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein staining, and tonometry were performed for each horse. The mean (standard deviation) age of horses was 5.7 (4.6) years (range of 1-17 years). In total, 18 horses (32.7%) had ocular-related lesions. Cataract, iris hyperpigmentation and corneal edema were the most identified conditions in the horses of this study. About one-third of studied horses had at least one ocular abnormality. No ocular abnormalities attributed to the distinct cream/gold coat color were identified, which the Turkmen horse is known for.

Daylight potential of Swedish residential environments: Visual and beyond-vision effects and the relationship with well-being assessment

Good lighting is one of the most important comfort factors in residential buildings. In creating a comfortable and restorative living space, the effects of light, both visual and effects beyond vision, play a crucial role. Daylight is considered an essential factor for indoor environments, which can benefit occupants’ health as well as lower energy use. This study investigated the potential daylight exposure for 10 apartments in Sweden, using metrics to quantify both visual effects and effects beyond vision and to understand the relationship between the light situation in the apartments and well-being metrics collected from occupants during a field study. Computational modelling of daylight conditions for visual effects and effects beyond vision was performed. Statistical analysis was utilised to investigate the possible relationship between the apartments’ daylight potential and the self-reported well-being of the occupants. The results show variations of light exposure for apartments in different seasons. Furthermore, possible relationships between well-being metrics and daylight exposure changes were observed despite being possibly influenced by seasonal light level contrasts.

AUTOMATIC LABORATORY LIGHTING SYSTEM WITH AN INFRARED BASE

The "Infrared-Based Automatic Laboratory Lighting System" represents a novel way to improve energy efficiency and stoner comfort in lab environments. Conventional laboratory lighting systems often warrant rigidity and efficacy, leading to unnecessary energy usage and inadequate lighting. In order to overcome these obstacles, this design incorporates a smart lighting control system that uses infrared (IR) detectors to identify the presence of mortals inside the laboratory. The primary operation of the system entails placing IR detectors in strategic locations across the lab space. These detectors monitor individuals continuously and relay the data they find to a central control unit that is based on a microcontroller platform. The control unit initiates the activation or adaptation of lighting institutions in the vicinity of detected movement upon detection of a mortal presence. This guarantees that the lighting is optimized for continuous conditioning, providing suitable lighting while reducing energy waste during periods of unoccupied occupancy. Crucial features of the proposed system include real-time responsiveness and rigidity to varying residency patterns. The integration of IR detectors with the microcontroller-grounded control unit enables a nippy and accurate discovery of mortal presence, allowing the system to acclimate lighting situations instantly as individuals enter or leave the laboratory space. Additionally, the system can be configured to generate lighting configurations based on particular circumstances, including ambient lighting for common spaces or task lighting for lab workstations. Apart from enhancing energy efficiency, the method places emphasis on the safety and experience of stoners. The technology lowers the risk of accidents or crimes related to dim illumination by providing appropriate and safe lighting conditions that are tailored to the functional needs of the laboratory. Similarly, the automation of lighting control eliminates the need for handcrafted solutions, allowing laboratory workers to focus on research or experimentation. All things considered, the "Infrared-Based Automatic Laboratory Lighting System" provides stoner-friendly and environmentally friendly outcomes to improve lighting operations in laboratory settings. By promoting energy conservation, perfecting the stoner experience, and ensuring safety, this system contributes to the advancement of effective and sustainable practices in laboratory operations. Keywords: LED (light emitting diode), microcontroller, Internet of Things, sensors, relay mechanism, and LCD (liquid crystal display).

112 범죄 신고 데이터 분석을 통한 캠퍼스 내에서의 범죄취약요소 연구

This study is to examine the vulnerable environmental factors in university Crime Hot-Spot Area through campus field surveys and the correlation between safety system and statistical analysis. Seven campuses were used for current research wity using the data of 112 crime data with 1,793 crimes. We then analyzed Crime Hot-Spot Area through the Geographic Information System(GIS). For each university, vulnerable elements were derived in terms of the geographical characteristics of Crime Hot-Spot Area, the use of academic buildings, and the environmental design for crime prevention(CPTED). Crime Hot-Spot Area includes border areas(Edge effect) such as campus entrances, libraries, living halls, and student halls, as well as hospitals and parking lots on campus, nearby bus stops, and subway routes. Multiple regression analysis was conducted on seven independent variables related to vulnerable factors using the number of crime hot-spots as a dependent variable. The independent variables are the measured distance between the 112 report location and the CCTV, lighting, emergency bell, campus entrance, and general situation room. In addition, the correlation between the integration value of crime occurrence locations and the connection value through Space-Syntax analysis was also analyzed. The higher the number of Crime Hot-Spot Areas, the higher the integration value and the lower the connection value. Crimes have been concentrated on streets with high centrality and low connectivity on campus and streets with the characteristics of traveling in one direction. CCTV is a physical surveillance system known to be effective in crime prevention, but in this study, on the contrary, CCTV was installed closer as the number of occurrences in Crime Hot-Spot Areas increased. Lighting(CPTED surveillance index) was also related to crime occurrence in the analysis results of only one out of seven universities. Therefore, it was difficult to see lighting as an indicator related to campus crime prevention. It is important to analyze 112 police report data on important crimes such as theft, sexual violence, and violence that actually occurred on campus to derive accurate hotspot areas suitable for environmental characteristics. In the future, the results of this study that fit the characteristics of the university campus can be used.

Analysis of Pothole Detection Accuracy of Selected Object Detection Models Under Adverse Conditions

Abstract Potholes detection is an essential aspect of road safety and road infrastructure maintenance. Potholes, which are typically caused by a combination of heavy traffic and weather, are depressions or holes in the road surface that can cause damage to specific parts of a vehicle. Autonomous vehicles, in particular, must be capable of detecting and avoiding them. Hitting a deep or sharp-edged pothole at high speed can lead to loss of control or even an accident. This makes pothole detection all the more important. The accuracy of pothole detection systems installed in autonomous vehicles may be significantly impaired by adverse weather and bad light conditions. Therefore, the classification accuracy of selected well-known computer vision models for pothole detection under these specific conditions has been investigated. The results were then compared with state-of-the-art methods. Our findings showed that we outperformed many of them when used under adverse weather and low light situations. This paper presents valuable insights into the precision of various computer vision models for potholes detection. It may aid in selecting the optimal model for a specific application.

Local highlight and shadow adaptively repairing GAN for illumination-robust makeup transfer

Recently, makeup transfer task has been widely explored with the development of deep learning. However, existing methods have shortcomings in more complex lighting situations in the real world because they do not consider the interference of lighting factors on facial features. To solve the above problem, we propose a local highlight and shadow adaptively repairing GAN for illumination-robust makeup transfer. We first map the 2D face images to UV representations and perform makeup transfer in the UV texture space, which explicitly removes the spatial misalignment to achieve pose and expression invariant makeup transfer. Furthermore, we take advantage of the face symmetry in the UV texture space to design an illumination repair module. It can adaptively repair the features affected by asymmetric local highlight and shadow based on a process of flipping and multi-layer attention fusion. In addition, the multi-layer attention maps are obtained by a pre-trained illumination classification network and hence have the ability to indicate local highlight and shadow areas. Comprehensive experiment results demonstrate the consistent effectiveness and clear advantages of our method, which significantly improve the robustness against local light effects and generate natural transfer results.

Vehicle Number Plate Detection Under Different Environmental Conditions

The main aim of the project is to detect the number plate of the vehicle and display the corresponding vehicle number. The motive of this project stems from the need for robust and reliable number plate detection systems that can perform effectively in real-world scenarios. Existing techniques frequently have trouble dealing with different lighting situations, like dimly lit areas, which can result in erroneous or missed detections. Furthermore, unfavourable angles of the number plates might make the detection issues worse. The problem statement of this project is to develop a number plate detection system that is capable of accurately locating number plates on vehicles, irrespective of the prevailing environmental conditions. To achieve this, we employ a multi-stage approach that combines computer vision techniques and image processing methodologies. Our proposed approach consists of three stages which includes: pre-processing, feature extraction and text extraction

Modeling the Temperature Dependence of Shubnikov-De Haas Oscillations in Light-Induced Nanostructured Semiconductors

In this work, the influence of light on the temperature dependence of transverse magnetoresistance oscillations is studied. A generalized mathematical expression that calculates the temperature and light dependence of the quasi-Fermi levels of small-scale p-type semiconductor structures in a quantizing magnetic field is derived. New analytical expressions have been found to represent the temperature dependence of transverse differential magnetoresistance oscillations in dark and light situations, taking into account the effect of light on the oscillations of the Fermi energy of small-scale semiconductor structures. A mathematical model has been developed that determines the light dependence of the second-order derivative of the transverse magnetoresistance oscillations of p‑type semiconductors with quantum wells by magnetic field induction. A new theory is proposed, which explains the reasons for the significant shift of the differential magnetoresistance oscillations along the vertical axis measured in the experiment for dark and light conditions.

Controlling the charge-transfer dynamics of two-level systems around avoided crossings.

Two-level quantum systems are fundamental physical models that continue to attract growing interest due to their crucial role as a building block of quantum technologies. The exact analytical solution of the dynamics of these systems is central to control theory and its applications, such as that to quantum computing. In this study, we reconsider the two-state charge transfer problem by extending and using a methodology developed to study (pseudo)spin systems in quantum electrodynamics contexts. This approach allows us to build a time evolution operator for the charge transfer system and to show new opportunities for the coherent control of the system dynamics, with a particular emphasis on the critical dynamic region around the transition state coordinate, where the avoided crossing of the energy levels occurs. We identify and propose possible experimental implementations of a class of rotations of the charge donor (or acceptor) that endow the electronic coupling matrix element with a time-dependent phase that can be employed to realize controllable coherent dynamics of the system across the avoided level crossing. The analogy of these rotations to reference frame rotations in generalized semiclassical Rabi models is discussed. We also show that the physical rotations in the charge-transfer systems can be performed so as to implement quantum gates relevant to quantum computing. From an exquisitely physical-mathematical viewpoint, our approach brings to light situations in which the time-dependent state of the system can be obtained without resorting to the special functions appearing in the Landau-Zener approach.

There's No Plan(et) B. Sustainable Transitions to Systemic Planet-Centric Design

The current environmental, social, and economic crises have laid bare the profound instability plaguing the planet and brought to light many complex situations that require urgent action. Design is called once again to reconsider, as a discipline and as a practice, its role towards society and the environment, and to redefine methods, tools, and processes to offer solutions that not only do not harm the surrounding environment, but also help heal the conflicts that affect human beings and all other beings inhabiting the planet as one living system. The goal is to promote transitions to more sustainable and circular production and consumption patterns by taking a systemic, planet-centered approach, strengthening the ethical responsibilities of design, and reaffirming its mediating role in solving the wicked problems that characterize the contemporary world. Within this framework, reflections, and experiences from the field of design research were gathered to highlight disruptions with traditional practices and possible paths of transition to alternative forms of thought and action, with the aim of addressing current crises and laying the groundwork for a more sustainable future.

Advancing disease identification in fava bean crops: A novel deep learning solution integrating YOLO-NAS for precise rust

A significant concern is the economic impact of agricultural diseases on the world’s crop production. The disease significantly reduces agricultural production across the world. Loss of nutrients caused by parasite infection of leaves, pods, and roots–the pathogenic agent that causes fava bean rust disease–decreases crop health. This work addresses this requirement by offering an innovative deep-learning model approach for early identification and classification of fava bean rust disease. The suggested method uses the effectiveness of modern YOLO-based object detection architectures like You Only Look Once –Neural Architecture Search (YOLO-NAS) L, YOLO-NASM, and YOLO-NASS, Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN), and RetinaNet. An inclusive dataset of 3296 images of various lighting and background situations was selected for extensive model training. Each model underwent thorough training and adjusted parameters through careful experimentation. The models’ comparative studies found significant performance differences. The precision for YOLO-NASL was 82.10%; for YOLO-NASM, it was 84.80%; for YOLO-NASS, it was 83.90%; for Faster R-CNN, it was 75.51%; and for RetinaNet, it was 73.74%. According to the evaluation, model complexity and detection accuracy are directly correlated. YOLO-NASL, YOLO-NASM, and YOLO-NASS showed remarkable mean average precision values of 90.90%, 94.10%, and 92.60%, respectively, and became highly functional models. The fastest model was YOLO-NASS. Its satisfying recognition speed made real-time detection possible in particular applications. The YOLO-NASM model, which shows an extraordinary state-of-the-art performance, represents the pinnacle of our work. Its mean average precision (mAP@0.5) was 94.10%, with notable values of 90.84%, 96.96%, and 84.80% for the F1-score, Recall, and precision, respectively. This investigation addresses a critical need in agricultural disease management, aligning with broader global efforts toward sustainable agriculture. Our studies add to the knowledge about precision agriculture and inspire practical, long-lasting disease management techniques in the agricultural industry. The real-time performance of the system will need to be improved, and satellite imagery integration may be considered in the future to provide more comprehensive coverage.

Heat Vision Based Light Automation

The Human Detection project utilizing thermal sensors aims to detect individuals or groups in the surrounding environment and respond accordingly. For instance, it can adjust lighting in a room or on a street to accommodate the presence of an individual instead of illuminating everything. Thermal sensors can also detect the presence of people and cars, making street lighting smart and adapting to the lighting situation accordingly. This technology can save up to 70% of energy costs while maintaining safe streets in high-crime areas and creating room for photovoltaic cells. Accurate occupancy tracking and temperature control are crucial in any organization or society, particularly in crowded places like hospitals or malls. To address this issue, we are introducing a data-driven electronic and sensor-based system that can detect the overall environment's temperature. This system is not a simple machine that gives a single output related to human temperature, but it provides real-time data to detect other parameters for multiple applications.

Adapting to the Dark: A Novel Adaptive Low Light Illumination Correction Algorithm for Video Sequences in Wireless Communications

The lower image quality and higher noise levels of low light images can have a substantial effect on wireless communication. Images typically have less brightness, less clarity, and more picture noise in low light situations. The precision and dependability of picture-based communication may be impacted by this decline in image quality. Low light levels can be detrimental to video chats since it becomes difficult for the camera to get clear pictures of the user's face. This may lead to decreased video quality, trouble with facial recognition, and a generally worse user experience when communicating over video. Low light illumination correction algorithms are frequently made to work quickly and effectively in order to enable real-time video-based wireless communication. Correcting uneven illumination or low light in images is crucial for various fields; as such images pose challenges for human recognition, computer vision algorithms, and multimedia algorithms. An adaptive illumination correction algorithm based on a simple log transformation approach enhanced by a hyperbolic beta transformation and a logarithmic image processing is presented in this research. It has an adaptive optimization function that adjusts itself based on the image’s illumination and reflectance. Low computation and minimal parameter optimization are the hallmarks of this method. A variety of illuminated images and video sequences from various datasets are used to evaluate the suggested adaptive illumination approach. This adaptive illumination approach's experimental findings are impressive compared to those produced using prior techniques. The results reveal that the proposed system can adapt to various image-based communication and surveillance video sequences taken under various illumination conditions.

Measurement of Vertical Dispersion and Pollution Impact of Artificial Light at Night in Urban Environment

Excessive artificial light disrupts our lives and poses health risks. In mixed-use urban areas, commercial lighting conflicts with residential activities. Vertical towers exacerbate the issue, as lower-level lighting affects higher-level occupants, and more research is needed to understand the vertical dispersion of light and its impact on sleep disturbance. This work offers a simple mathematical model for height dependence of illuminance in an urban building. It correlates basic measurements to reduce the values of the Exponent (n) and Linear (Coeff2) coefficients in a standard power-law curve. The collection of only a few data points can help to investigate the extent of the lighting spread at various floors of the building. Even with the complex lighting environment in Hong Kong, the methodology is exercised in 8 sample buildings from 4 different neighbourhoods to show the insights from the testing results. The heights of the studied buildings range from 3 to 18 stories, and they are for residential and mixed use. While the average measured illuminance at the street level was between 37 lx and 303 lx for the 4 neighbourhoods, the average illuminance across building heights was 14 lx to 247 lx. The existence of multiple light sources on building facades disrupts the simple inverse-square relationship with a single light source. The power n values range from approximately -1.7 to -0.8, while the Coeff2 values range from 61 to 7603 for the measured buildings. These variations indicate deviations from the assumption of a single source and suggest higher luminance and the presence of light sources at higher heights. With the simple inverse-square relationship, the proposed methodology can help to determine the height where the recommended limit can be met given the light situation at the street level.

A study of spatial rationality in the architectural design of senior citizen apartments in terms of calculation and biological effects

Abstract This paper is based on the photobiological effect of the role of the collation of different light colors under the elderly pupil change and the luminance level function of the relationship between the equation so as to use this for the rationality of the design of the elderly housing. The non-visual direct response (nvRD) model is also used to predict the relative non-visual response to light and to compare the relative effectiveness of different light modes in providing potential health benefits to humans. The effects of different light illumination on mood affectivity and visual comfort were calculated using the modified spatial contrast (mSC) model and the preliminary gaze response light drive (GRL) model. Finally, the effects of different light intensities and situations on the physical heart rate and cardiovascular indexes of the elderly were examined using the experimental design of photobiological effects. The results showed that the T-wave time under green light increased by 4.008 ms on average, and the QT band interval under red light and green light had a more obvious increase, with an average increase of 5.131 ms for red light and 7.238 ms for green light, while the ventricular rate under blue light showed signs of acceleration, with an average increase of 2.352 beats. The rational design of space in elderly apartments is supported by theoretical reference and data basis in this paper.

Characteristics and Reasons of Manual Shade Use in a Green Office Building: A Questionnaire Based Study

The manual operation of manual shades plays a significant role in actual building performance. The characteristics of the use of shade and the reasons behind it in a green office building in China have been investigated in this paper. A questionnaire survey with 23 questions was designed and a total of 146 occupants in an office building were invited to take part in the survey. Statistical tests and approaches including non-parametric correlation, cross-tabulation, correspondence analysis and clustering were used to identify shade use patterns and their relation with contextual factors. The results show that sitting closer to windows does not necessarily increase shade actions and most shade raise occurs upon arrival and in the morning while most shade-lowering actions appear at noon and in the afternoon. Two and six clusters were revealed by clustering, respectively, for the time of raising and lowering actions. Regarding the relationship between raising and lowering time, three behavior patterns were identified by correspondence analysis. The first group of occupants typically raise the shades upon arrival or in the morning and lower them in the afternoon. The second group has a tendency to lower the shades upon arrival or in the morning and raise them at noon. The last group often raises the shades upon arrival, lowers them at noon or departure, and occasionally raises them again at departure. Given the current situation of light and shade use, daylight, occupancy and shade-based lighting control have the potential for reducing the lighting energy.

Glare analysis of an integral daylighting and lighting control strategy for offices

Complex Fenestration Systems (CFSs) can significantly impact both the visual and non-visual daylight effects on the occupants as well as the energy performance of buildings. To ensure that those impacts improve the overall situation, proper control algorithms are required if the CFS can be operated. The state of the CFS directly and immediately effects the indoor lighting situation. The thermal condition of the building is usually strongly but not directly influenced by the condition of the façade system due to thermal capacities.In this study an experimental integral control strategy, called Integrated Lighting Module (ILM) is investigated in terms of it’s glare prevention capabilities and compared to a cut-off- and a simple rule based control logic. The ILM is an autonomous software package capable to run on building management hardware to control façade systems and artificial lighting in real buildings in an energetically optimised way. The adaptive sampling algorithm raytraverse is employed to calculate Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) values, which are used as a benchmark for the control strategy comparison. The other aspect of this comparison is the opening of the façade, which is evaluated as statistics how often each possible façade state is selected by each control strategy.

Between eustress and distress: UVB induced changes in carotenoid accumulation in halophytic Salicornia europaea

Halophytes are potential future crops with a valuable nutritional profile. Produced in indoor farming, they are considered to contribute to sustainable and resilient food systems. Indoor farms operate using artificial light. In this context narrowband and low dose UVB radiation can be used to increase plant secondary metabolites, such as carotenoids, and provide an improved nutritional profile for a human diet. UVB radiation can cause eustress or distress in the plant depending on the lighting situation. The aim of this study was to identify the doses of UVB that lead to either eustress or distress and to analyze these responses in Salicornia europaea. Therefore, S. europaea plants were exposed to different UVB radiation levels, low, medium and high, and analyzed for reactive oxygen species (ROS), plant hormones, amino acids, and photosynthetic pigments. High UVB treatment was found to affect phenotype and growth, and the metabolite profile was affected in a UVB dose-dependent manner. Specifically, medium UVB radiation resulted in an increase in carotenoids, whereas high UVB resulted in a decrease. We also observed an altered oxidative stress status and increased SA and decreased ABA contents in response to UVB treatment. This was supported by the results of menadione treatment that induces oxidative stress in plants, which also indicated an altered oxidative stress status in combination with altered carotenoid content. Thus, we show that a moderate dose of UVB can increase the carotenoid content of S. europaea. Furthermore, the UVB stress-dependent response led to a better understanding of carotenoid accumulation upon UVB exposure, which can be used to improve lighting systems and in turn the nutritional profile of future crops in indoor farming.

Energy Efficiency Analysis in the Case of Sustainable Lighting Design Butterfly Valley Park (Konya)

The concept of lighting is of great importance in providing the security that people need so that they can have a quality of life and in meeting their aesthetic needs. Lighting design is related to the physical structure and the environment, and thanks to the lighting design, the aesthetic and functional needs of people will be met and the quality of life will be increased. The need to reflect the historical, cultural and aesthetic values of the city has brought the issue of urban lighting to the agenda. Lighting systems, which are applied without paying attention to the necessary lighting standards and criteria, cause some problems in urban spaces. One of these problems is light pollution; It is generally defined as the use of light in the wrong place, in the wrong amount, in the wrong direction and at the wrong time. Light pollution adversely affects the natural life and daily lives of people, and it is necessary to take various measures to eliminate such negativities in human life, to detect and eliminate these problems. In this study; The standards for the lighting of the city parks obtained by the literature studies were determined, the current lighting situation of the Butterfly Valley Park and the recommended lighting design produced by the Relux software in accordance with the standards. According to the findings; In the current lighting project, the total power consumed as a result of the lighting of all the lamps of the area has been calculated as 96 005.0 W. In the proposed lighting project, the total power consumed as a result of the burning of all lamps was calculated as 27 630.0 W. The obtained energy gain was found to be 96 005.0 W – 36 700.0 W = 68 375.0 W. As a result of working in the light of this information, energy savings of 1 in 3 have been achieved.

Influence of the Human Field of View on Visual and Non-Visual Quantities in Indoor Environments.

The visual and non-visual effectiveness of light is often determined by measuring the spectrally weighed irradiance on the corneal plane. This is typically achieved using spectral irradiance or illuminance measurements, captured in a hemispheric (2π) geometry with a diffuser. However, the human binocular field of view (FOV) is not a perfect hemisphere, as it is occluded both upward and downward. Previous research on FOV-restricted measurements is limited, leaving the error from using hemispheric measurements for non-visual quantities undefined. In our study, we tackled this issue by designing and 3D printing FOV occlusions as attachments to spectral measurement devices. We took measurements with and without the occlusion in various laboratory (light from different directions) and real-world lighting situations (light typically from above). Our findings reveal a reduction of visual and melanopic values due to the FOV occlusion. These ranged from negligible to more than 60% in realistic scenarios. Interestingly, the reduction was consistent for both visual and melanopic parameters, as the distribution of light in the FOV was generally spectrally homogeneous. An exception occurred in a specific artificial laboratory situation, where the melanopic daylight (D65) efficacy ratio changed by more than a factor of 2 solely because of the FOV occlusion. Additionally, we observed that head orientation had a marked effect on all quantities measured. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential for substantial errors when solely relying on vertical, hemispheric measurements in experiments and non-visual lighting design projects. We encourage the (additional) use of FOV occlusion in eye-level measurements for typical viewing directions, and we are providing open-source 3D-print files to facilitate this practice.