Light Workload Research Articles

Gender differences in the health workforce in China: an analysis of national data.

Gender differences in the health workforce matter for women's health and healthcare, and is also crucial for both health and economic development. Drawing on limited national gender data from China over the last 10 years, during which the country was undergoing a healthcare reform, this study dissects gender-related issues to identify existing problems, monitor progress, and develop strategies to promote change. Although women constituted the majority of health workers, they are predominantly engaged in service-oriented occupations. The gender distribution substantially differed between urban and rural primary health institutions. Moreover, significant differences in gender distribution among professional public health institutions were observed. The gender distribution of administrators varied in different types of health institutions. Women had lighter workloads because of the imbalanced distribution of specialties. Academicians comprised very few female scientists. To promote a more balanced gender distribution, policies should be developed to encourage a more reasonable division of family responsibilities. Further, equal higher education opportunities should be ensured for girls, especially in rural areas. Solutions to free more women from work-marriage-childcare conflicts and to decrease turnover rates deserve further discussion. Gender data should be highlighted and optimized to further advance gender differences among the health workforce and for women's health in China.

PSII-15 Comparative analysis of equine diets on growth metrics and economic feasibility

Abstract The objective of the study was to assess the impact of two commonly available low non-structural carbohydrate equine diets on growth parameters and economic factors in young growing horses. To do this, young stock type horses n = 11; 6 fillies, 5 colts; body weight (BW) = 380.3 ± 15 kg] were separated into two groups that were balanced by age, sex, and BW. All horses were backgrounded for 14 d on a hay-only diet prior to the beginning of the study. Additionally, each group was assigned to one of two dietary treatments fed at 0.75% BW/d (as fed) twice daily in 12 h intervals for 56 d. Dietary treatments consisted of a leading national brand feed (n = 5) and Thomas Moore Calm and Safe (n = 6). Horses were allowed ad libitum access to Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) hay and fresh water. For the 56-d period, horses were exercised at a light workload for 30 min/d and 4 d/wk. For all growth measurements, a baseline measurement was recorded per horse. Growth measurements were then recorded at 7 d intervals. Data from these growth measurements were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS v9.4 with the fixed effects of day and diet. Growth metrics increased on all horses throughout the length of the trial regardless of dietary treatment (P ≤ 0.01), which is expected from young growing horses. A Diet x Day trend towards significance (P = 0.075) was observed for BW, as the leading national brand feed dietary treatment group tended to have heavier BW than the Thomas Moore Calm and Safe during the duration of the study. Additionally, body fat percentage was greater (P = 0.04) in the national leading brand feed group compared with the Thomas Moore group. None of the remaining growth metrics had any statistical difference across diets. Furthermore, there was no difference in dietary intake between dietary groups (P > 0.5). These results suggest that the Thomas Moore Calm and Safe concentrate serves as a good alternative and economically friendly for young growing horses when compared with more traditional feeds currently on the market.

Pengaruh Beban Kerja terhadap Turnover Intention pada Karyawan Panen dan Perawatan di Perusahaan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit

Employees are an important part of palm oil plantation companies. Employee workload needs to be considered so that they are comfortable when working.This research was carried out at PT Karya Makmur Bahagia which operates in the field of oil palm plantations and Crude Palm Oil (CPO) producers located in the Mentaya Region, Central Kalimantan. This research aims to determine the workload received by harvest and maintenance employees and determine the effect of workload on turnover intention among harvest and maintenance employees. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The sample used in this research was 15 harvest employees and 15 maintenance employees using incidental sampling techniques. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. The research results showed that 47% of harvest employees had a moderate workload, and 47% of maintenance employees had a light workload. Workload has a positive effect on employee turnover intentions

ANALYSIS OF FATIGUE RISK FACTORS ON WORKERS IN X TOFU FACTORY, SEMARANG

Fatigue is a condition where there is a decrease in the capacity or performance of workers who usually appears with feelings of weakness caused by physical and psychological factors. Fatigue in Tofu X factory workers can lead to decreased productivity and/or preparedness which can result in work accidents. The purpose of this study was to analyze work fatigue and the factors that influence work fatigue at Tofu X factory. The data collection process was carried out from November to December 2022, data was taken from 10 (ten) informants (workers). This study used a descriptive qualitative design with observation and in-depth interviews to obtain the characteristics of the informants, physical workload, length of service, and hot work climate. The results of the study showed that workers with a mild underweight nutritional status had the highest fatigue scores compared to normal nutritional status and mildly obese nutritional status. Workers with the female gender, even though they have a lighter workload, still experience work fatigue. Work fatigue in workers with the shortest tenure has a higher fatigue score compared to workers with long tenure. The physical workload felt by workers based on measurements of the working pulse is quite heavy so that complaints arise from workers. Measurements of the hot working climate show that several soybean processing posts have a Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index above the Threshold Value. Workers experience medium category work fatigue, and symptoms of fatigue are felt in the form of complaints such as dizziness, weakness, aches in several parts of the body, and difficulty controlling emotions

Effect of Soil Properties and Powertrain Configuration on the Energy Consumption of Wheeled Electric Agricultural Robots

Agricultural emissions can be significantly reduced with smart farming, which includes moving away from large conventional tractors to fleets of compact wheeled electric robots. This paper presents a novel simulation modeling approach for an ATV-sized wheeled electric agricultural robot pulling an implement on deformable terrain. The 2D model features a semiempirical tire–soil interaction model as well as a powertrain model. Rear-wheel drive (RWD), front-wheel drive (FWD), and all-wheel drive (AWD) versions were developed. Simulations were carried out on two different soils to examine the energy consumption and tractive performance of the powertrain options. The results showed that energy consumption varies the least with AWD. However, RWD could provide lower energy consumption than AWD with light workloads due to lower curb weight. However, with the heaviest workload, AWD had 7.5% lower energy consumption than RWD. FWD was also found to be capable of lower energy consumption than AWD on light workloads, but it was unsuited for heavy workloads due to traction limitations. Overall, the results demonstrated the importance of taking the terrain characteristics and workload into account when designing electric agricultural robots. The developed modeling approach can prove useful for designing such machines and their fleet management.

Multifractal Multiscale Analysis of Human Movements during Cognitive Tasks.

Continuous adaptations of the movement system to changing environments or task demands rely on superposed fractal processes exhibiting power laws, that is, multifractality. The estimators of the multifractal spectrum potentially reflect the adaptive use of perception, cognition, and action. To observe time-specific behavior in multifractal dynamics, a multiscale multifractal analysis based on DFA (MFMS-DFA) has been recently proposed and applied to cardiovascular dynamics. Here we aimed at evaluating whether MFMS-DFA allows identifying multiscale structures in the dynamics of human movements. Thirty-six (12 females) participants pedaled freely, after a metronomic initiation of the cadence at 60 rpm, against a light workload for 10 min: in reference to cycling (C), cycling while playing "Tetris" on a computer, alone (CT) or collaboratively (CTC) with another pedaling participant. Pedal revolution periods (PRP) series were examined with MFMS-DFA and compared to linearized surrogates, which attested to a presence of multifractality at almost all scales. A marked alteration in multifractality when playing Tetris was evidenced at two scales, τ ≈ 16 and τ ≈ 64 s, yet less marked at τ ≈ 16 s when playing collaboratively. Playing Tetris in collaboration attenuated these alterations, especially in the best Tetris players. This observation suggests the high sensitivity to cognitive demand of MFMS-DFA estimators, extending to the assessment of skill/demand interplay from individual behavior. So, by identifying scale-dependent multifractal structures in movement dynamics, MFMS-DFA has obvious potential for examining brain-movement coordinative structures, likely with sufficient sensitivity to find echo in diagnosing disorders and monitoring the progress of diseases that affect cognition and movement control.

3D modeling and volume measurement of bulk grains stored in large warehouses using bi-temporal multi-site terrestrial laser scanning data

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a promising technology for quantity checking huge grain stocks with low cost, light workload and high efficiency. Existing applications of TLS in bulk grain measurement and quantification lack the ability to capture complete structural information of grain bulks and thus will result in large errors. In this paper, we propose a bi-temporal TLS scheme for fast 3D modeling and accurate volume measurement of bulk grains stored in large warehouses. The scheme uses bi-temporal multi-site TLS datasets acquired under both empty and full or high loading conditions to obtain complete surface information about grain bulk’s structure. In order for a grain bulk’s all external surfaces and the 3D volumetric model reconstructed therefrom to be automatically derived from the bi-temporal TLS dataset, several dedicated methods are developed for the scheme. A fully automated marker-free strategy exploring structurally semantic information inherent in the large grain storehouses is adopted to register multi-scan TLS point cloud data captured in large-scale granary scenes. Also, a local minima-based region growing technique is devised to extract underlying surfaces from a granary scene point cloud model. Experiments show that the proposed 3D modeling and volume measurement scheme can work effectively and quickly in TLS-based granary field applications and repeated test data demonstrate its correctness, repeatability and accuracy. Compared with the conventional manual measurement approach, the bi-temporal TLS scheme can not only achieve much higher measurement precision, but also greatly improve efficiency by significantly reducing cost, workload, and manpower. It has good potential for use in the area of nation-wide grain inventory inspection in China.

KNOWLEDGE, WORKLOAD, ATTITUDE, AND ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS COMPLIANCE AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

Electronic health record (EHR) has replaced conventional medical records in Indonesia. Until now, its utilization is still not optimal, and there are still frequent problems with incomplete filling of the EHR form due to individual factors. To examine the association between knowledge and workload with healthcare professionals' (HCPs) compliance in filling out HER, considering the mediating role of attitude. We performed a cross-sectional study on 80 HCPs who worked at the Intensive Care Unit of the National Cardiovascular Centre Harapan Kita. We observe the level of knowledge and workload as independent variables, attitudes as mediating variables, and compliance as the dependent variable. Primary data were obtained by using questionnaires. The association among observed variables was analyzed using path analysis. As a result, we found that knowledge, workload, and attitude simultaneously had a significant association with compliance in EHR filling. Attitude is the most dominant independent variable that directly affected compliance, while knowledge and workload were associated with compliance mediated by attitude. It was concluded that increasing HCPs' compliance in filling out the EHR would be directly associated with a positive attitude of HCPs. A higher level of knowledge and a lighter workload do not directly associate with better compliance, but affect attitude improvement. Thus improving knowledge levels and adjusting the workload will increase EHR filling compliance by mediating positive attitudes among HCPs.

HUBUNGAN BEBAN KERJA DENGAN KINERJA TENAGA KEPERAWATAN

Workload is an important concern for the nursing profession which will have an impact on the performance of nursing staff in providing nursing services. This study aims to determine the results of measuring workload and performance of nursing staff in the Outpatient Installation of Dumai City Regional Hospital. The research method was quantitative with a cross-sectional study design. The research was conducted at the Dumai City Hospital Outpatient Installation from June-July 2023. The population of this study was 33 people, the sample used was 33 respondents taken using the total sampling technique. Workload measurement is carried out using the work sampling method through observation. Performance is obtained using secondary data. The data analysis used was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with Pearson correlation, chi-square and linear regression on work sampling variables only. The research results showed that the calculation of heavy workload in orthopedic and neurosurgery clinics was 93.75%. With direct productive activities in wound care (19.23%) and indirect productive activities in completing the SPPK (Proof of Health Services) (13.01%). Nursing staff with a heavy workload was 27.28%, and a light workload was 72.72%. Nursing staff with good performance was 75.8% and very good 24.2%. There is no relationship between workload and the performance of nursing staff (p-value= 1.000, OR=0.750). Research Ethics Pass Letter Number: 145/KEPK/UHTP/VI/2023 dated June 19 2023. Evaluation and restructuring of work systems include reducing unproductive workloads, adjusting working hours, or allocating resources more efficiently and training and competency development of nursing staff.

Empowering small businesses with the force of big data analytics and AI: A technological integration for enhanced business management

Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in developing economies still face a number of obstacles that prevent them from adopting digital technologies. In contrast, SMEs have achieved greater success in emerging markets. Due to its potential benefits for numerous businesses, machine learning (ML) has become a hot topic in recent years. Particularly a few major organizations, for example, Amazon, Google and Microsoft have shown a few effective cases on coordinating simulated intelligence capacity in their own organizations. This research suggests a fresh method for bettering private companies by combining large-scale data analysis with artificial intelligence and enhanced safety measures. Here, cloud edge administration with task planning using a dynamic joined real channel Kubernetes obstruction task scheduler improves business for the executives. Then, the organization's security is bolstered by a form of differential encryption on the blockchain that takes into account the need for security. We also propose assigning new jobs to the load node with the lightest workload. Experiments show that our strategy shortens job completion times and distributes work evenly across edge nodes. The experimental investigation is conducted in terms of latency, quality of service, energy efficiency, data integrity, and scalability. The proposed technique attained latency of 0.8354, QoS of 0.9395, energy efficiency of 0.9879, data integrity of 0.1189, scalability of 0.8400.

Factor Analysis in the Implementation of Early Warning System Documentation in Psychiatric Hospitals

Introduction: An early warning system (EWS) is a tool to rapidly identify patient deterioration and prevent adverse events. However, the implementation and documentation have not been carried out optimally. This study aims to analyze factors related to the implementation of EWS documentation in a psychiatric hospital in Malang. Methods: The study was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. The study population was all nurses in the intensive care unit of the hospital, with a total sample of 60 respondents selected using a proportional random sampling technique. Data collection used demographic data questionnaires, workload questionnaires, and observation sheets for the implementation of EWS documentation of patients through the hospital management information system. Analysis of the data used the chi-square test. Results: Implementation of EWS documentation was significantly related to workload and EWS training (p<0.05). Implementation of EWS documentation was not related to age, gender, education level, years of service, employment status, and work shift (p>0.05). Conclusion: Nurses with light workloads and who had attended EWS training created good documentation successfully (100%). Hospitals need to review their management in planning, developing, and fostering nursing resources, especially the provision of continuous training accompanied by equitable EWS monitoring for nurses in psychiatric hospitals.

Is requiring Research Integrity Advisors a useful policy for improving research integrity? A census of advisors in Australia

ABSTRACT Research Integrity Advisors are used in Australia to provide impartial guidance to researchers who have questions about any aspect of responsible research practice. Every Australian institution conducting research must provide access to trained advisors. This national policy could be an important part of creating a safe environment for discussing research integrity issues and thus resolving issues. We conducted the first formal study of advisors, using a census of every Australian advisor to discover their workload and attitudes to their role. We estimated there are 739 advisors nationally. We received responses to our questions from 192. Most advisors had a very light workload, with an median of just 0.5 days per month. Thirteen percent of advisors had not received any training, and some advisors only discovered they were an advisor after our approach. Most advisors were positive about their ability to help colleagues deal with integrity issues. The main desired changes were for greater advertising of their role and a desire to promote good practice rather than just supporting potential issues. Advisors might be a useful policy for supporting research integrity, but some advisors need better institutional support in terms of training and raising awareness.

The impacts of altruism levels on the job preferences of medical students: a cross-sectional study in China

BackgroundRational allocation of human resources for health is crucial for ensuring public welfare and equitable access to health services. Understanding medical students’ job preferences could help develop effective strategies for the recruitment and retention of the health workforce. Most studies explore the relationship between extrinsic incentives and job choices through discrete choice experiments (DCEs). Little attention has been paid to the influence of intrinsic altruism on job choice. This study aimed to explore the heterogeneous preferences of medical students with different levels of altruism regarding extrinsic job attributes.MethodsWe conducted an online survey with 925 medical students from six hospitals in Beijing from July to September 2021. The survey combined job-choice scenarios through DCEs and a simulation of a laboratory experiment on medical decision-making behavior. Behavioral data were used to quantify altruism levels by estimating altruistic parameters based on a utility function. We fit mixed logit models to estimate the effects of altruism on job preference.ResultsAll attribute levels had the expected effect on job preferences, among which monthly income (importance weight was 30.46%, 95% CI 29.25%-31.67%) and work location (importance weight was 22.39%, 95% CI 21.14%–23.64%) were the most salient factors. The mean altruistic parameter was 0.84 (s.d. 0.19), indicating that medical students’ altruism was generally high. The subgroup analysis showed that individuals with higher altruism levels had a greater preference for non-financial incentives such as an excellent work environment, sufficient training and career development opportunities, and a light workload. The change in the rate of the uptake of a rural position by individuals with lower levels of altruism is sensitive to changes in financial incentives.ConclusionsMedical students’ altruism was generally high, and those with higher altruism paid more attention to non-financial incentives. This suggests that policymakers and hospital managers should further focus on nonfinancial incentives to better motivate altruistic physicians, in addition to appropriate economic incentive when designing recruitment and retention interventions. Medical school administrations could attach importance to the promotion of altruistic values in medical education.

Relationship Of Workload To Employee Stress Levels In PT. Wahyu Pradana Binamulia Makassar

Background: Each job has a different level of difficulty, depending on how heavy the workload is. If a person is given a light workload, then it is not a problem because it can be solved easily, but it is different if the work is considered a heavy workload, of course it has its own impact on each individual from fatigue to the onset of stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between workload and employee stress levels in PT. Rev. Pradana Binamulia. Methods: This research is non-experimental with quantitative methods, the type used is cross sectional with analytical observational research design. The population used is employees who work in PT. Wahyu PradanaBinamulia as many as 600 people with the number of samples taken as many as 170 respondents. The research instruments used were questionnaires from O'Donnell and Eggemeier to measure workload, and a DASS (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) questionnaire to measure stress levels. Results: Data analysis using the chi-square test and obtained results of p <0.01 with a meaningfulness level of 5% (α=0.05) means that there is a significant relationship between workload and stress levels of PT employees. Wahyu PradanaBinamulia Conclusion: Most employees face heavy workload besides the stress level experienced by the majority of employees heavy stress.

Faktor – Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Penyalahgunaan Narkoba Di Kecamatan Baturaja Timur Tahun 2022

According to data from the Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, the perpetrators of narcotics crimes committed in 2019 there were 75 cases of which 86% were grouped in the productive age of 18-40 years, in 2020 there were 82 cases and 90% were grouped in the productive age of 18-40 years, and In 2021 in the jurisdiction of the Ogan Komering Ulu Police, there were 95 cases of which 96% were grouped in the productive age of 18-40 years of narcotics abuse. The research design used is a quantitative research design with a case-control research approach. The population is all residents in East Baturaja sub-district, East Baturaja Police has 105,076 residents aged 18-40 years totaling 58 cases. The sample in this study is Cases are productive age 18-40 years who are really drug users as many as 58 people. While the controls are productive age 18-40 years who really do not use drugs as many as 58 people.It is known that the proportion of respondents who have bad social relationships and become drug abusers is 70.7% greater than the proportion of respondents who have good social relationships and become drug abusers as much as 12.2%. It is known that the proportion of respondents with heavy workloads becomes drug abuse as much as 67.7%, which is greater than the proportion of respondents with light workloads who become drug abusers as much as 22.2%. It is known that the proportion of respondents with severe stress who become drug abusers is 66.2% greater than the proportion of respondents with moderate stress who become drug abusers as much as 17.9%.The results of the chi square test get p value 0.000 < (0.5) which means there is a relationship between environmental association and drug abuse. The results of the chi square test get p value 0.000 < (0.5) which means there is a relationship between workload and abuse drugs. The results of the chi square test obtained p value 0.000 < (0.5) which means that there is a relationship between stress and drug abuse.

Improving Work Attitudes And Assistive Devices Can Reduce Subjective Complaints And Increase The Productivity Of Weavers

Gringsing weaving products is a part of handicraft or home industry. They are still confessed at present and produced by simple technology with hand in hand. This activity as a business of income from the most of women in Tenganan Pegringsingan Village of Manggis Sub District, Karangasem Regency. A work attitude with no planned well and they do not use a tool instruments for helping then working correctly, it is caused a subjective complaints of the workers so the production is not maximally and will cause the productivity of the workers come down. Woven products workers is required a carefulness and neatness of the workers, with long sitting posture on the flour covered by something material. It is not aware of this problem in to the anatomy and physiology of the workers and they will have a lot of complaint, sick, or pain on their next, hand, low back, anus, thigh, eyes. It is caused static work load frequently, so that they will be to come a decrease activity and low motivations, it’is activity and the work is not done efficient and effective. The variable that is measured in this study is decrease workload, subjective complaint, work efficiency (long work), and work productivity. The research has been studied to the sixteen weaving workers that were chosen without rules with treatment by subject program with cross over design, its analyses unit considering group variance. It has been intervened by work attitude with supporting tool for instant ‘peliper, tingklik, por (supported by sponge), barble, and using eyes glasses and group workers. This study is analyzed by t-paired, and there is a significant work load reduction (p<0.005), which is the pulse of the workers come down from 89,62 beats per minutes to be 82,56 beats per minutes (±5,60) in the same of the light work load category. The subjective complaints of the work load come down showed significant value (p<0.005) that is from Nordic Body Map score 56,92 (16.14) to be 28.86 (7.32). By the efficient work 7 hours a day with support tools, it is to be come the productivity increase (0,34%) and work productivity (7,9%) significantly (p<0.005).

Relationship Between Nurse Workload and Work Stress in Internal Medicine Inpatient Rooms IX and XI Dustira Hospital Cimahi

Introduction: Nurses on duty in the Internal Medicine Inpatient Room of Dustira Hospital Cimahi are very high exposed to work stress, this is due to the nurse's workload exceeding the standard time working, because the nurse works in 1 day 8 hours while the time off is only 1 day a week, besides that total patients who provide a lot of work stress which results from working hours exceeding the established limit. Objective: The study aims to find out the relationship between nurse workload and work stress in the Inpatient Installation of Dustira Hospital. Method: This research is a quantitative survey with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique in this study was a total sampling with a total sample of 44 respondents. Result and Discussion: Of the 44 respondents more than half of the 27 (61.4%) nurses have a light workload and less than half 17 (38.6%) nurses experience moderate work stress. There is a relationship between nurse workload and nurse work stress (p value=0.001<0.05). Conclusion: The conclusion is that the workload is related to the stress level of nurses in the Internal Medicine Inpatient Rooms IX and XI of Dustira Hospital Cimahi

Relationship Between Physical Workload, Work Fatigue, and Drinking Water Consumption to Work Productivity of Brickmakers

Background: Work productivity is the ability of the workforce to produce several goods per unit of time. Several factors, such as physical workload, work fatigue, and drinking water consumption, can cause high or low levels of work productivity. Method: This research was conducted in a brick-making business in Kaligayam Village, Tegal Regency, in August 2022 using an analytic observational research method and a cross-sectional approach. The sample in the study consisted of 42 workers and was analyzed using the Chi-Square Test with a confidence level of 95%. The instruments in this study were questionnaires to determine drinking water consumption and work productivity, as well as a physical workload measurement tool, namely the oximeter, and a work fatigue measurement tool, namely the reaction timer. Results: The physical workload (OR= 0.133; CI= 0.032-0.563; p<0.05), work fatigue (OR = 0.195; CI = 0.042-0.914; p<0.05), drinking water consumption (OR = 11.250; CI = 2.100-60.267; p<0.05) had a relationship to work productivity. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the variables of physical workload, work fatigue, and drinking water consumption on the work productivity of brickmakers. Elderly workers should do work with a light workload, workers can rest for 30 minutes every 4 hours of work, make the most of their rest time, and there is a need for workers' self-awareness to consume fluids according to NIOSH rules with a total of ≥6 liters per day.

Assessment of healthcare quality among village clinicians in rural China: the role of internal work motivation.

The quality of primary care is important for health outcomes among residents in China. There is evidence that internal work motivation improves the quality of healthcare provided by clinicians. However, few empirical studies have examined the relationship between internal work motivation and clinical performance among village clinicians in rural China. This study was performed to evaluate healthcare quality among village clinicians, then explore its relationships with internal work motivation among those clinicians. We collected survey data using a standardised patient method and a structured questionnaire. We observed 225 interactions between standardised patients and village clinicians from 21 counties in three provinces. We used logistic regression models to analyse the relationships between work motivation and healthcare quality, then conducted heterogeneity analysis. Healthcare quality among village clinicians was generally low. There was a significantly positive correlation between internal work motivation and healthcare quality among village clinicians (P<0.1). Additionally, the positive effect of internal work motivation on healthcare quality was strongest among clinicians who received financial incentives and had a lighter workload (fewer patients per month) [P<0.1]. Healthcare quality among village clinicians requires urgent improvement. We recommend implementing financial incentives to stimulate internal work motivation among village clinicians, thus improving their clinical performance.

Beban Kerja Perawat Pelaksana Berdasarkan Metode Workload Indicator Staff Need (WISN)

This study aims to analyze the workload of implementing nurses based on the WISN method. The method used is quantitative with work sampling and observation techniques. The results showed that the percentage of implementing direct nursing activities was 32.2% and indirect nursing activities was 34.4%. The proportion of time obtained from the workload component of direct and indirect activities is still within the light workload limit of 66.6%. In conclusion, nurses must increase productive activities by focusing on their primary tasks and functions, especially meeting basic human needs (KDM). &#x0D; Keywords: Workload, Nurses, WISN, Work Sampling