Lightweight Stainless Steel Research Articles

A comparative study on passive films of Fe–11Cr stainless steel and Fe–20Mn–11.5Al–1.4C–5Cr lightweight steel

Fe–20Mn–11.5Al–1.4C–5Cr (wt%) lightweight stainless steel (LWSS) was found to have equivalent or better resistance to pitting corrosion than Fe–11Cr (wt%) stainless steel (SS). The desirable resistance to pitting corrosion of the LWSS alloy was attributed to the formation of protective passive film. On LWSS, an (Al,Fe,Cr)-oxide was formed, and on SS, a (Fe,Cr)-oxide was formed. The passive film of LWSS had a higher Cr + Al content than that of SS. In addition, compared to the passive film of SS, the passive film of LWSS was found to be thick and the concentration of point defects was also low.

Towards Structural Batteries Enabled By Fiber Reinforced Composites

The advent of electric automobiles has garnered great interest in multifunctional electrochemical energy storage architectures which have the potential to store and release energy on demand while simultaneously being subjected to static or dynamic load conditions. At the forefront of these technologies are energy storage integrated fiber reinforced composites which promise substantial benefits to both mechanical as well as electrochemical performance. In this context, the design of interfaces that dually store energy and maintain composite mechanical integrity under load is of critical importance. Here, I will illustrate our systematic efforts on the development of multifunctional structural energy storage composites starting with CNTs grown on lightweight stainless steel meshes and incorporation of these materials into energy storing composite laminates where we simultaneously test mechanical and electrochemical performance. To further augment the energy storing capability of the carbon nanotubes, we electro-deposit ultrafast redox active pseudocapacitive nickel oxide and iron oxide onto the CNTs to fabricate fiber reinforced nickel-iron asymmetric redox pseudocapacitiors or nickel-iron ‘ultra-battery’ composites. Overall, composites showcase high power densities of 10 kWh/kgActive and comparable energy densities of 20 Wh/kgActive. Furthermore, these multifunctional composites demonstrate good mechanical (tensile, flexural and load impact) behavior while simultaneously exhibiting stable charge/discharge performance during in-situ mechano-electrochemical measurements. These results thus forge a path toward practical multifunctional composites by combining (1) in-situ mechano-electrochemical testing to assess structural energy storage performance, (2) effective reinforcements and prevent failure at structural interfaces, and (3) redox-active materials processed to augment energy density. Overall, these results provide new insights and creates a framework for developing such multifunctional energy storage architectures for a multitude of load-bearing applications.

Electrochemical engineering approach of high performance solid-state flexible supercapacitor device based on chemically synthesized VS2 nanoregime structure

Abstract Portable and furnished electronics appliances demand power efficient energy storage devices where electrochemical supercapacitors gain much more attention. In this concern, a simple, low-cost and industry scalable successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) approach has been adopted to deposit nanostructured VS2 onto flexible and light-weight stainless steel (SS) substrate towards supercapacitor application. The nanocrystalline nature with hexagonal crystal structure has been confirmed for VS2 through structural analysis. The VS2 electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacitance of 349 F g−1 with a super stable behavior in three-electrode liquid-state configuration. Fabricated flexible symmetric solid-state supercapacitor (FSSC) device using gel electrolyte yields specific power of 1.5 kW kg−1 (specific energy of 25.9 Wh kg−1) with a widen voltage window of 1.6 V. A red LED has been glown for 30 s using the system consisted of two devices in series combination. Furthermore, the system glows a combination of 21 red LEDs network with acronym ‘VNIT’, demonstrating commercial exposure. The attribution of device demonstration even under mechanical stress holds great promise towards advanced flexible electronics application.

Research Progress of Nickel-free Lightweight Stainless Steel

Nickel-free stainless steel compared to the traditional nickel-containing stainless steel has a obviously cost advantage and good comprehensive performance. This article summarizes the development of nickel - free stainless steel, and focuses on the production process of high nitrogen nickel - free austenitic stainless steel and ultra - pure ferritic stainless steel and introduces the influence of nitrogen and aluminum on theirs performance and microstructure. The problems of nitrogen dissolution of high nitrogen steel and the problems of deep decarburization，nitrogen and high production cost of ultrapure ferrite are pointed out. Simultaneously, It also pointed out that the effect of aluminum for nickel-free stainless steel and its important impact on the future of nickel-free stainless steel .Combined with the characteristics of nickel-free stainless steel to its lightweight research prospects.

Advanced lightweight 316L stainless steel cellular lattice structures fabricated via selective laser melting

This paper investigates the manufacturability and performance of advanced and lightweight stainless steel cellular lattice structures fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM). A unique cell type called gyroid is designed to construct periodic lattice structures and utilise its curved cell surface as a self-supported feature which avoids the building of support structures and reduces material waste and production time. The gyroid cellular lattice structures with a wide range of volume fraction were made at different orientations, showing it can reduce the constraints in design for the SLM and provide flexibility in selecting optimal manufacturing parameters. The lattice structures with different volume fraction were well manufactured by the SLM process to exhibit a good geometric agreement with the original CAD models. The strut of the SLM-manufactured lattice structures represents a rough surface and its size is slightly higher than the designed value. When the lattice structure was positioned with half of its struts at an angle of 0° with respect to the building plane, which is considered as the worst building orientation for SLM, it was manufactured with well-defined struts and no defects or broken cells. The compression strength and modulus of the lattice structures increase with the increase in the volume fraction, and two equations based on Gibson–Ashby model have been established to predict their compression properties.

Application of Cost-Effective Stainless Steel for Automotive Components

High-strength nickel free austenitic stainless steel material as a light-weight substitute for commercial automotive deep drawn steel has been studied with an automotive bumper as an example. The stainless steel gave a weight saving as high as 50% at the same cost that of deep drawn steels. The study examines the techno-economic merits of value engineering automotive material. The bumper made from stainless steel stamping was reduced in thickness to 1.2 mm from 2.5 mm of conventional Extra Deep Draw (EDD) grade steel. Forming behavior of the stainless steel bumper was theoretically simulated and was found to match with experimental observation. The Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) behavior of the stainless steel material shows superior formability. Typical static and impact load cases based on functional requirements of the bumper was simulated, and the light weight stainless steel bumper was found to perform better than the existing EDD bumper. The bumpers made qualified the vibration test requirement.

Development of CIGS2 thin film solar cells

Research and development of CuIn 1− x Ga x Se 2− y S y (CIGSS) thin-film solar cells on ultralightweight flexible metallic foil substrates is being carried out at FSEC PV Materials Lab for space applications. Earlier, the substrate size was limited to 3 cm × 2.5 cm. Large-area sputtering systems and scrubber for hydrogen selenide and sulfide have been designed and constructed for preparation of CIGSS thin-films on large (15 cm × 10 cm) substrates. A selenization/sulfurization furnace donated by Shell (formerly Siemens) Solar has also been refurbished and upgraded. The sputtering target assembly design was modified for proper clamping of targets and effective cooling. A new design of the magnetic assembly for large-area magnetron sputtering sources was implemented so as to achieve uniform deposition on large area. Lightweight stainless steel foil and ultralightweight titanium foil substrates were utilized to increase the specific power of solar cells. Sol–gel derived SiO 2 layers were coated on titanium foil by dip coating method. Deposition parameters for the preparation of molybdenum back contact layers were optimized so as to minimize the residual stress as well as reaction with H 2S. Presently large (15 cm × 10 cm) CuIn 1− x Ga x S 2 (CIGS2) thin film solar cells are being prepared on Mo-coated titanium and stainless steel foil by sulfurization of CuGa/In metallic precursors in diluted Ar:H 2S(4%). Heterojunction partner CdS layers are deposited by chemical bath deposition. The regeneration sequence of ZnO/ZnO:Al targets was optimized for obtaining consistently good-quality, transparent and conducting ZnO/ZnO:Al bilayer by RF magnetron-sputter deposition. Excellent facilities at FSEC PV Materials Lab are one of its kinds and could serve as a nucleus of a small pilot plant for CIGSS thin film solar cell fabrication.

ステンレス鋼薄肉長柱の曲げ座屈 : 軽量ステンレス鋼構造に関する研究その2

ステンレス鋼薄肉長柱の曲げ座屈 : 軽量ステンレス鋼構造に関する研究その2

Does the band gap calculated from the photocurrent of Schottky devices lead to erroneous results? Analysis for CdTe

In recent years there has been an increased interest in flexible, lightweight photovoltaic modules based on thin metallic substrates. This paper reports some optoelectronic properties of electrodeposited CdTe thin films grown onto lightweight stainless steel (SS) foils. The optoelectronic properties were investigated with Schottky barriers of Au/CdTe/SS structure. The influence of the built-in potential of the Schottky junction on the bulk and the interface recombination of the photo-generated minority carriers is explained with the existing models. The voltage-dependent collection functions influence the photocurrent of the devices in bothshort- and long-wavelength regions of the spectrum. It is observed that in the photovoltaic mode the contribution due to the collection functions depends on theopen-circuit voltage of the device. Au/CdTe Schottky devices, having higher open-circuit voltage, exhibit a better response in the long wavelength region. This is due to the efficient collection of the carriers generated in the bulk of the film and in such devices the contribution from the bulk collection function is higher. The enhancement in the bulk collection function causes a shift in the response of the device to higher wavelengths giving lower values for the calculated band gap. Due to this dependence of the long wavelength response on the open-circuit voltage of the devices, the band gap calculated from the photocurrent of different Schottky devicesgives different values for the band gap of the material. Thus the method of calculating the band gap from the photocurrent of Schottky devices can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the band gap of the material.

An autoclavable stainless steel isolator for small scale gnotobiotic experiments (author's transl)

A lightweight stainless steel autoclavable pentagon isolator was designed for experiments using gnotobiotic mice. The chamber, 400 x 450 x 350 mm, has an entry port 200 mm in diameter at the back and a window at the ceiling. The globes and two filters were equipped at the front and each side, respectively. An inner stainless steel cap of the entry lock was sealed by a seamless silicone band. It was possible to ventilate this isolator by either free-flow or blower operation. After autoclaving the isolators 10 to 16 times for a year, none of them was repaired. Five mice can be kept in this isolator for about 1 month without supply of diet, water and wood shaving after the first setting.

Lightweight stainless steel systems for rearing germfree animals.

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 78, Issue 1 p. 17-28 LIGHTWEIGHT STAINLESS STEEL SYSTEMS FOR REARING GERMFREE ANIMALS* Bengt E. Gustafsson, Bengt E. Gustafsson Department of Germfree Research, Institute of Histology, University of Lund, Lund, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author Bengt E. Gustafsson, Bengt E. Gustafsson Department of Germfree Research, Institute of Histology, University of Lund, Lund, SwedenSearch for more papers by this author First published: May 1959 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb53092.xCitations: 162 † The work reported in this paper was supported in part by grants from Statens Medicinska Forskningsråd and Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse, both of Stockholm, Sweden. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume78, Issue1Germfree Vertebrates: Present SatusMay 1959Pages 17-28 RelatedInformation