Light-skinned Man Research Articles

The Subtle Marks of the Damage Caused by Colonization in Sub-Saharan Africa: Case Study of Cameroon

The aim of this study was to identify the consequences of colonization in the daily lives of African peoples in sub-Saharan Africa. For this, many actions have been carried out. From the 4,500 men interviewed, 3,010 would choose a light-skinned wife and 1,000 a dark-skinned wife; 490 are not influenced by skin complexion. From the 4,500 women interviewed, 2004 would choose a light-skinned man and 644 a dark-skinned man. 1852 are not influenced by skin complexion. From the 4500 women, 3800 would like to have a fair complexion and 500 a dark complexion; 200 are indifferent. From the 500 children interviewed, 379 liked fair complexion, against 121 for dark complexion. Many people worship the white man. We find the signs of this on a daily basis: The best places are always reserved for the white man on all occasions; the way peoples interprate a successful action or a purchasing power; The efforts made to speak like white men; The rejection of one’s language and one’s tribal name in favor of those imported; The pronounced taste for imported clothing products. Concerning the musical and choreographic preferences, we can classify the young peoples interviewed as follows: 50.2% strictly in favor of imported dances and music styles; 26.2% love both imported and Cameroonian music and dance styles; 23.5% in favor of strictly Cameroonian dances and music styles. In the same vein, we have for hairdressing: 28.33% for grafting; 21.89% for the use of wigs; 15.82% for Afro-style. The choirs which practice the folk style are always lowered in front of those which practice the baroque style. In view of this dark picture, we can notice in detail that there is a segment of the African population south of the Sahara, even if it is a minority, which lives its Africanness with pride. It therefore constitutes the hope for the rebirth of African culture.

Their American Dream

Centuries before W.E.B. DuBois named the colorline—i.e., racism—as the problem of the 20th century, skin color stratification was a persistent phenomenon. In 1983 Black feminist, scholar, and Pulitzer Prize winning author Alice Walker termed “colorism” as “prejudicial or preferential treatment of same-race people based solely on their [skin] color”. Using the tools of genealogy, I conducted a critical family history of my parents, Lem and Mae’s, pursuit of their American Dream. Such exploration digs deep to decipher the nexuses of a family’s evolution. Dr. Maya Angelou routinely shared stories about her past to impart the importance of embracing one’s history. For my parents, the American Dream meant opportunity, which included home ownership. Their American Dream began as African Americans in the United States’ Jim Crow south. Lem was a light-skinned man; Mae a dark-complexion woman. They met, married, and bought a small home in segregated Columbia, South Carolina. Bearing the cloak of oppression, my parents joined millions of southern Blacks in the Great Migration relocating to northern cities—my parents landed in Boston, Massachusetts. Throughout their journey, Lem and Mae reached back to their ancestors, and drew from within themselves to improve their circumstances.

The Gender of Colorism: Understanding the Intersection of Skin Tone and Gender Inequality

Although researchers have made great strides in understanding colorism and skin tone stratification in the USA, important connections are still outstanding. One of these connections lies at the intersection of skin tone and gender stratification among black Americans, a place where researchers have certainly visited but work remains to be done. This manuscript builds on previous work to examine how gender and skin tone combine to influence black Americans’ social outcomes. To that end, I leverage data from the National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and regression analysis to test the effect of skin tone and gender on black Americans’ individual incomes. My results suggest a three-tiered hierarchy of income stratification. Light-skinned men sit atop this hierarchy with higher incomes than other black Americans after controlling for other relevant factors. Dark-skinned people suffer at the bottom of this hierarchy with lower incomes than the other gender and skin tone combinations (medium-skinned men, light-skinned women, and medium-skinned women).

Discoursal Formation of Identity in Philip Roth’s The Human Stain

Philip Roth’s The Human Stain (2000) simply tells the story of a New England classics professor, Coleman Silk, who is forced to quit his job for alleged racism. The charge is a lie, but the truth about Silk is more shocking because it turns out that for his entire adult life, Silk has been covering up the fact that he is neither Jewish nor white although he is actually a very light-skinned man. The stain given in the title of this novel stands for both a mark on the skin and the mark of our experienced-based stories and which, consequently construct our identities. This paper, therefore, analyzes how the idea of ‘stain’ is ironically inscribed both socially and individually into our identities.

No Exit: Mixed-Race Characters and the Racial Binary in Charles Chesnutt and Ernest J. Gaines

While Ernest J. Gaines has generally emphasized the importance of white writers rather than ones in his career, he shares with Charles Chesnutt an interest in the role of mixed-race characters in narrative. Repeatedly in his brief fiction-writing career, Chesnutt engaged with both the passing tradition and the status of those who were marked as though they clearly had white ancestry. Similarly, Gaines, in both novels and short stories, depicted the social and racial pressures on light-skinned characters.1 focus of this essay will be on narratives of those who have been clearly labeled regardless of ancestry. While Gaines shows little interest in stories of passing, he shares with Chesnutt a concern for Black Creoles and for those who choose or are compelled to identify as black. texts will be examining are Chesnutt's Paul Marchand, F. M. C. and The Wife of His Youth and Gainess Catherine Carmier and Bloodline. two novels treat Creole characters and their status within multiracial and multiethnic societies, while the two stories focus on light-skinned men and their relationships to other blacks as well as whites. Each of these works in one way or another signifies on the tradition of the tragic mulatto/a. For example, there is no deceit or confusion on the part of the central characters about their racial category, as there is in Chesnutts House Behind the Cedars. Nor is there the angst of white and mulatto romance such as we see between Robert and Mary Agnes in Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman. Instead, we find a free man of color who turns out to be white, a black man who has the arrogance and racial superiority of his white father, a family of Black Creoles who are the only members of the community who define themselves as different from blacks, and a light-skinned man who at the end of the story may or may not identify with his past. Both authors, in effect, depict complex performances of race along the socially constructed boundary that constitutes the color line. Thus, each of them rejects straightforward ideas of essentialism, does so in the context of his particular historical moment. For Chesnutt, this moment of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is the time of retrenchment in civil rights, white racial terrorism, and the development of a racial science that sought to give a biological, social, and anthropological basis for essentialist thinking and policies. Gaines's moment came at the high point of the civil right movement, with the emergence of nationalism and a reversed claim of essentialism that asserted moral superiority. Thus, it can be argued that each writer uses mixed-race characters to subvert fixed notions of race while acknowledging the power of such notions in shaping the lives of their characters. It is also worth noting that all four works involve some moral violation that extends beyond white supremacy (which both writers see as a fixed aspect of the societies they depict) and the violations of women's bodies that produced the mixed-race characters that are their subjects. Thus, the texts create an implicit link between such figures and the moral failure that is the nation's racial ideology. In The Wife of His Youth, Chesnutt can be seen as critiquing if not satirizing the pretensions of northern, middle-class, light-skinned blacks. (2) It is worth noting that this is Chesnutt's own social category, so the story may be read as self-criticism. central character, Mr. Ryder, has become the leader of the Blue Vein Society, so called because its members are assumed to be light enough to have visibly blue veins. While the group denies such an exclusionary requirement, Ryder himself, though slightly darker than others, establishes a standard: I have no race prejudice, he would say, but we people of mixed blood are ground between the upper and the nether millstone. Our fate lies between absorption by the white race and extinction in the black. …

Skullduggery, Secrets, and Murders: The 1894 Wells Fargo Scam That Backfired by Bill Neal

Reviewed by: Skullduggery, Secrets, and Murders: The 1894 Wells Fargo Scam That Backfired by Bill Neal Bob Cavendish Skullduggery, Secrets, and Murders: The 1894 Wells Fargo Scam That Backfired. By Bill Neal. (Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press, 2015. Pp. 256. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index.) In the summer of 1962 during a visit with some of my grandmother’s friends in Vicksburg, Mississippi, the dinner conversation turned to the city’s surrender to Union general Ulysses Grant in July 1863. From the tone and tenor of their remarks, it seemed Vicksburg had fallen about ten minutes ago and they were still peeved. Some people know how to hold a grudge. And some things just will not go away, as Bill Neal discovered during a lecture in Canadian, Texas, where he encountered a woman who warned him to avoid a “that Isaacs mess,” a notorious local crime still fraught with suspicions and innuendo 115 years later. Fortunately for us, Neal took a closer look instead. Skullduggery, Secrets, and Murders begins in 1894 with the clumsy plot to swindle Wells Fargo out of $25,000 (in today’s money, $675,000) with a bogus loss claim, disguising the ruse with a straightforward train robbery. Instead, the train robbery never happened. Two murders, of the local sheriff and of a Wells Fargo undercover agent, are linked, somehow, to the attempted fraud. At the center of the action is George Isaacs, the dull-witted youngest member of a family of brothers moderately successful and presumably unaware of George’s scheme. George and two minor villains were arrested for the murders, and one additional “associate” turned state’s evidence, but trials only provoked more questions. Who was the mysterious, tall, light-skinned man who remained in the background of key events? Who assisted in the jailbreak that nearly put one of the suspects beyond reach? What was compelling enough about three pennyante desperados to create the territory’s best legal defense team, one that included Sam Houston’s son, by now a formidable attorney? The murders in Canadian, Texas, were part of a white-collar fraud conspiracy not usually associated with wild west lawlessness. Whereas tracking horse thieves and bank robbers could mean lengthy pursuit over hostile terrain, this chase involved following a money trail. George Isaacs’s kin had engaged certain impressive (and expensive) courtroom advocates for George and two other defendants. But, Neal asks, why not George only? Was there something else at stake? And how had the brothers Isaacs amassed that kind of fortune in frontier Canadian, Texas? Without making direct accusations, Neal alludes to circumstances—the “old west’s” lack of law enforcement—that made the Isaac’s fortune possible, much as Joe Kennedy later benefited from Canadian booze running during Prohibition. The George Isaacs-Wells Fargo plot intrigued Neal, whose curiosity about a local taboo uncovered a complex affair with a modern ring: a bungled scheme, a mysterious stranger, a fugitive, and covert legal funding. Neal’s wry wit and fascination with this cold case (note the extent and [End Page 399] variety of sources in the bibliography) propel the narrative even as it takes occasional zigs and zags. Skullduggery is not a toss-off western frontier law-and-order tale but an American crime saga more interesting than stagecoach holdups or horse thieves. Television does not look to the old west so much these days (outside of Lonesome Dove and Tombstone) but within this yarn lies a good miniseries that would do HBO proud. Bob Cavendish Buda, Texas Copyright © 2015 The Texas State Historical Association

A comparison of skin tone discrimination among African American men: 1995 and 2003.

This study investigated perceptions of skin tone discrimination among adult African American men. Research suggests that through negative African American stereotypes, out-group members (Whites) perceive light-skinned African Americans favorably and dark-skinned African Americans unfavorably. However, it is unclear how treatment by in-group members (other African Americans) uniquely affects men. Using data from the 1995 Detroit Area Study and the 2003 National Survey of American Life, we investigated these relationships among African American men representing a wide range of socioeconomic groups. We found that African American men's perceptions of out-group and in-group treatment, respectively, were similar across time. Light-skinned men perceived the least out-group discrimination while dark-skinned men perceived the most out-group discrimination. In appraisals of skin tone discrimination from in-group members, medium-skinned men perceived the least discrimination while both light- and dark-skinned men perceived more in-group discrimination. Additionally, men of lower social economic groups were more affected by skin tone bias than others. Future research should explore the influence of these out- and in-group experiences of skin tone discrimination on social and psychological functioning of African American men.

Tumor de colisão de pele do pescoço

The collision or mixed tumor is a malignant neoplasm of the skin related to sun exposure and incidence rates of up to 1.5%. It displays a distinctive clinical behavior in relation to other malignancies of the skin and the histological diagnosis, characterized by the collision between a basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, i.e., two malignancies with distinct histologies and sharp interface between them. The case reported was of a male, 73-year-old patient, with two cervical lesions progressively growing in recent months. The chosen treatment was surgery. Histological examination showed the presence of squamous cell carcinoma adjacent to basal cell carcinoma. These tumors preferentially occur in light-skinned men in the fifth or sixth decades of life. Their most common location is in the head and neck, especially in the central part of the face. The differential diagnosis of basal-squamous carcinoma is defined by distinct histological criteria, since both tumors have similar clinical behavior. Local recurrence rates vary from 12% to 45%, whereas regional ones are of approximately 7.5%. The main prognostic factors are gender, surgical margins, perineural infiltration and lymph node status. The treatment of choice is resection, radiotherapy being indicated as adjuvant or to inoperable lesions. Local recurrence is the main limiting factor in disease-free survival, with poor results.

A Glistening Brown Nodule—Quiz Case

A 55-year-old light-skinned man was incidentally noted to have a brown nodule on his left shin. The nodule did not itch, burn, or hurt, and the patient was not sure how long it had been present. He had no other major medical problems and no personal or family history of skin cancer.