Light Rail Transit Research Articles

SOUTH SUMATRA LRT (LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT) DEVELOPMENT PROJECT GOVERNANCE STUDY

The South Sumatra Light Rail Transit (LRT) is a short-term solution to welcome the 2018 Asian Games, but also as a long-term strategic step to overcome the transportation problem in Palembang, Indonesia. This research aims to understand the effectiveness of project governance and the obstacles faced in the implementation of the project. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, direct observation at the project site, and document studies involving various official reports and regulations related to project governance. Data analysis was carried out by coding and identifying the main themes, then compared with international governance standards, namely ISO 21500:2012 and ISO 21502:2020, to assess the extent to which the project's governance was in accordance with applicable standards. The findings are expected to provide recommendations for improving project governance in infrastructure development across Indonesia, ensuring projects are completed on time, within budget, and with minimal social impact.

Navigating Urban Mobility: The Relationship between Car Consumption and Public Transport Usage in Malaysia

Increasing private-owned cars in Malaysia has, thus far, contributed to growing congestion, environmental pollution, and decreasing public transport utilization. Car ownership has become possible through economic growth, and convenience and status attached to cars triggered tendencies from shifting to public transit. This development contradicts investments in public transport and aggravates environmental problems. This paper examines the relationship between private car ownership and public transport usage in Malaysia from 2000 to 2022, concentrating on intercity bus services, KTM commuters, and light rail transit. The results indicate that with increased riders for intercity buses and KTM commuter services, car usage drops, while that of light rail may raise car ownership. The study emphasizes the need to upgrade intercity and KTM services to mitigate the pressures of car ownership and calls for further research into the role of light rail.

Prediction Passenger Numbers in Light Rail Transit using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA)

Prediction Passenger Numbers in Light Rail Transit using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA)

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Local Carbon Materials and Warm Compaction Method on the Production of Current Collectors for Light Rail Transit (LRT) Applications

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of local carbon materials and the warm compaction method in the production of current collectors for light rail transit (LRT) applications. The problem here is that the current collectors used by the railway industry in Malaysia for the LRT are still imported from foreign countries which is very costly. Furthermore, the production method of commercial current collectors, namely C-Cu composites, is compact and sintered, which also results in relatively high costs. Therefore, this study focuses on replacing the old materials and methods of commercial current collector production with new materials and methods. This study used a local carbon, which is the kernel shell of oil palm as the main carbon for the production of current collectors. The compact and sintered production methods are then replaced by warm compaction and post-heating methods. The current collectors that had been produced are then cut into several samples to allow them to be tested in anumber of physical and mechanical tests. Based on the test results, when using these new materials and methods, the density and hardness were observed to be slightly lower at 1.81 g/cm3 and 122.6 HRR compared to the commercial current collectors, which have a density of 2.2 g/cm3 and 126.9 HRR. Meanwhile, in the transverse rupture strength (TRS) and resistivity tests, the warm compaction method based on oil palm kernel shell demonstrated higher values of 175.1 MPa and 1631 Ω-cm, respectively, compared to the commercial current collectors which showed values of 58.71 MPa and 598.77 Ω-cm. In conclusion, there are various advantages and disadvantages between the new current collectors and the commercial current collectors in terms of mechanical as well as physical characteristics. Therefore, various improvements and suggestions need to be made in order to produce physically and mechanically better current collectors to be used in LRT applications.

Investigation on friction and wear behavior of wheel material of wheel-rail: a case study of addis ababa light rail transit

Investigation on friction and wear behavior of wheel material of wheel-rail: a case study of addis ababa light rail transit

The application of direct ridership models in the evaluation of the expansion of the Porto Light Rail Transit

The main purpose of this paper is to show how a direct demand ride model coupled with a transfer model was able to support the choice of alternative routes for the expansion of the light rail system serving the Porto Metropolitan Area. After an overview of the literature on direct ridership models, emphasizing some key issues such as the need for a systematic assessment of their forecasting performance, the issues related to the definition of the pedestrian catchment area and the limitations of the simultaneous consideration of demand and supply effects, the paper moves into the case study, providing some background information on current occupation densities, land uses and mobility patterns, as well as on the performance of the existing LRT in the Metropolitan Area of Porto. The development of the direct ridership model, measuring the potential attractiveness of each station, and the transfer model, measuring the number of transfers at each station, are presented in detail. A justification is provided why, in this case, a two-step modelling approach was necessary. Further details about the statistical tests for model validation are also provided. After a brief characterization of the alternative routes under analysis for the expansion of the network, the modelling results are presented enabling a comparative assessment of the potential performance of each proposed route. The paper ends with a discussion of the relevance of this modelling results vis a vis the actual final decisions on investment priorities taken jointly by the Metropolitan Council and the Metro Company.

Opinions matter: Contrasting perceptions of major public transit projects in Montréal, Canada

Public opinion has been identified as one of the main drivers of political action in support of sustainable-transport transitions, making it essential to understand when aiming for effective transport policy. Drawing from both quantitative and qualitative data from the 2021 Montréal Mobility Survey, this paper analyzes public perceptions towards two transport projects—a light-rail transit (LRT) and a bus-rapid transit (BRT). Quantitative statements pertaining to five project impacts were compared between the two projects. Both projects had high levels of agreement (between 67% and 80%) regarding expected regional and environmental impacts, but agreement levels were lower for expected neighborhood, cultural, and residential displacement impacts (between 49% and 30%). To contextualize the quantitative findings, qualitative data were pulled from open-ended questions for both projects and analyzed using an applied-thematic-analysis approach. The qualitative responses focused primarily on negative perceptions, providing insight into potential factors contributing to the erosion of social acceptability. Our analysis of open-ended questions underscored contrasting perceptions between the two projects in terms of improvements in accessibility to destinations (minimal for the BRT vs noticeable for the LRT), governance (transparent for the BRT vs opaque for the LRT), consultation processes (adequate for the BRT vs insufficient for the LRT), and construction impacts (lengthy and disruptive for the BRT vs rapid for the LRT). These contrasting quantitative and qualitative results highlight the need for mixed methods when assessing public perceptions. Findings from this paper can be of benefit to practitioners and policy makers as they aim to ramp up efforts to expand public-transit systems.

Analisis Kinerja Operasional Light Rail Transit (LRT) Stasiun Demang Kota Palembang

This research examines the operational performance and user satisfaction of the Light Rail Transit (LRT) mass transportation system in Palembang City, particularly on the LRT Demang Lebar Daun station corridor. The study involves the collection of primary and secondary data, including passenger numbers, waiting times, travel intervals, and travel times. The research results indicate that the average number of passengers per LRT station is approximately 10 passengers, resulting in a load factor ranging from 9% to 11%. While passenger comfort levels are relatively high, this low ridership may impact operational efficiency. The waiting times and travel intervals of the LRT are relatively short, enhancing passenger comfort, but warrant operational considerations. Furthermore, the study notes that the round-trip travel time on the LRT is approximately 2 hours, 33 minutes, and 57 seconds. However, limited parking facilities at the Demang Lebar Daun station can affect the interest in using the LRT. In order to improve operational performance and user satisfaction of the LRT, this research recommends an evaluation of travel intervals, waiting times, and daily LRT trip numbers. Additionally, improvements in parking facilities at LRT stations should be considered to enhance the convenience of using this mode of transportation.

Integrated Urban Transport and Land-Use Policies in Reducing CO2 Emissions and Energy Consumption: Case Study of a Medium-Sized City in Thailand

In developing cities, transport activities have become one of the primary sources of CO2 emissions and energy consumption owing to rapid economic growth, urbanization, and motorization. Khon Kaen City, Thailand, was chosen as a representative mid-sized city of a developing country to investigate the potential influences of transit-oriented development (TOD), light rail transit (LRT), and electric vehicle (EV) policy integration scenarios on CO2 emission and energy consumption reductions in 2016, 2026, and 2046. The TOD did not significantly reduce CO2 emissions or energy consumption because it was only applied in one area of the city. The LRT development also had a small effect because of the small proportion of modal shifts to LRT. However, EV utilization offered the greatest potential for reducing both CO2 emissions and energy consumption. In addition, the integrated scenario combining the three policies had a promising effect, diminishing both CO2 emissions and energy consumption, because it gathered the potential merits and benefits of each individual policy.

Crime dynamics in Edmonton’s train stations: analysing hot spots, harm spots and offender patterns

PurposeThe objectives of this study are to (a) identify spatial and temporal crime concentrations, (b) supplement the traditional place-based analysis that defines hot spots based on counted incidents with an analysis of crime severity and (c) add to the research of hot spots with an analysis of offender data.Design/methodology/approachThis study explores crime concentration in mass transit settings, focusing on Edmonton’s Light Rail Transit (LRT) stations in 2017–2022. Pareto curves are used to observe the degree of concentration of crime in certain locations using multiple estimates; trajectory analysis is then used to observe crime patterns in the data on both places and offenders.FindingsA total of 16.3% of stations accounted for 50% of recorded incidents. Train stations with high or low crime counts and severity remained as such consistently over time. Additionally, 3.6% of offenders accounted for 50% of incident count, while 5% accounted for 50% of harm. We did not observe differences in the patterns and distributions of crime concentrations when comparing crime counts and harm.Research limitations/implicationsHot spots and harm spots are synonymous in low-crime-harm environments: high-harm incidents are outliers, and their weight in the average crime severity score is limited. More sensitive severity measures are needed for high-frequenty, low-harm enviornments. Practical implicationsThe findings underscore the benefits of integrating offender data in place-based applied research.Originality/valueThe findings provide additional evidence on the utility of place-based criminology and potentially cost-effective interventions.

Predicting transit ridership using an agent-based modeling approach

Accurate ridership estimation is pivotal in the advancement of sustainable transit systems, be it for proposed or existing transit networks. A multitude of methods, including travel demand models, direct ridership models, and regression models, have been employed by practitioners and researchers to estimate ridership at both station and network levels. However, travel demand models, frequently utilized for new transit lines, exhibit intrinsic limitations due to their aggregate nature and complexity based on their types. Researchers have also identified deficiencies, such as the incapacity to capture small spatial resolutions and specific station characteristics, as these models are predominantly designed for large-scale analyses.This study aims to overcome these limitations by introducing a novel approach that utilizes three microscopic agent-based models to develop a travel demand modeling suite, providing a policy-sensitive forecasting tool. The suite comprises three agent-based models: SILO-MITO-MATSim. Validation of the model against previous year data is conducted, and projections are made for future years. The model is applied to estimate network-level ridership for the proposed ‘Purple Line,’ a light rail transit line planned by MDOT, MTA, Maryland, which will integrate with the Washington D.C. Metro, the fourth largest transit system in the USA, boasting an average daily ridership of half a million. The study’s findings indicate an anticipated ridership of approximately 31,230 passengers in the inaugural year of 2027. The proposed model offers a robust and policy-sensitive solution empowering decision-makers to make informed choices to support a sustainable transportation system.

ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ISAK 16 - SERVICE CONCESSION AGREEMENTS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE COMPANY'S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

This research is qualitative research with data collection techniques through literature studies and field studies. Literature studies were obtained from scientific journals, accounting standards, government regulations, agreements and business studies related to the implementation of light rail/Light Rail Transit, while field studies were carried out through interviews with informants who understand the implementation of light rail/LRT. The company that is the object of research is PT Jakarta Propertindo (Perseroda) which is a company assigned by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government to provide infrastructure and facilities for Light Rail Transit Corridor 1 Phase 1 (Kelapa Gading Velodrome). The aim of the research is to analyze appropriate accounting policies for companies related to the Light Rail Transit Infrastructure and Facilities Agreement for Corridor 1 Phase 1 (Kelapa Gading Velodrome) which is the scope of ISAK -16 Services Concession Agreement, implementation of ISAK 16 and implications of implementing ISAK 16 to the financial statements. The results of the research conclude that accounting policies related to the Implementation of Light Rail Transit Infrastructure are within the scope of ISAK 16: Service Concession Agreements so that the implications for financial statements are that companies must record LRT Infrastructure Assets as Intangible Assets, while for the Operation of Light Rail Transit Facilities Rail Transit is within the scope of PSAK 16: Fixed Assets so companies must record LRT Facilities Assets as Fixed Assets.

Multi-criteria decision-making for the selection of best airport ground access mode with a new fuzzy rough-entropy based method

In order to cope with the inherent complexities and uncertainties of settings such as transportation problems, the adoption of proper decision procedures becomes a pivotal issue. Particularly, multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) uses multiple evaluations of the options based on several criteria to select the optimal choice and/or rank the alternatives. In this paper we are interested in the Entropy-REGIME method for MCGDM and its ability to handle uncertainty in the presence of fuzzy rough numbers (that allow the practitioner to represent and process imprecise data). To this end we propose a hybrid framework of the fuzzy rough-entropy based REGIME method that involves two main components: fuzzy rough-entropy for the evaluation of the objective weights of the decision criteria, and fuzzy rough-REGIME to rank the alternatives based on the weighted criteria. Its motivation is a case study that concerns the selection of the best transport mode to access Istanbul newly constructed airport. We consider four alternatives for ground access options, namely, underground metro, bus rapid transit, light rail transit, and premium bus services. Our findings show that an underground metro system is the optimal mode, followed by light rail transit, bus rapid transit, and premium bus services. Additionally, to demonstrate the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed technique, comparisons are made with existing methods.

Opening Spaces for Listening in Art Museums through Community-Based Art

This paper highlights three community-based initiatives that empowered seniors, racialized immigrant women artists and street artists to share their unique perspectives. From 2021 to 2023, Contemporary Calgary and the University of Calgary collaborated with artists, community partners, and the Downtown West neighbourhood to provide programming in a repurposed light rail transit car to vitalize the community through arts. Through exhibitions at Contemporary Calgary, these artists were able to tell their stories. Visitors were able to engage with, listen to, and learn from the artists’ experiences. The programs fostered strong bonds among participants, resulting in ongoing collaboration and support. Drawing inspiration from Silverman’s (2010) concept of the museum as social worker, this paper builds on a model of care in the art musem (Eiserman, 2000) wherein contemporary art museums serve as spaces for marginalized individuals to express themselves and for communities to actively listen and respond.

Analysis of Service Performance for Intermodal Facilities in The Area of Asrama Haji and Bumi Sriwijaya Stations

The integrated intermodal service system between the South Sumatra Light Rail Transit (LRT) and road-based transportation modes such as the Palembang Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) and Angkot Feeder Musi Emas still has shortcomings, particularly in the areas of the Asrama Haji and Bumi Sriwijaya Station. This research is conducted to observe the conditions of the physical facilities, payment integration, and schedules at both stations, as well as to examine the regulations in meeting the standards of ideal pedestrian physical facilities, which are then compared with passenger perceptions. This research utilizes the methods of crosstabulation analysis and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Crosstabulation analysis is used to determine the relationship between respondents' sociodemographic and their travel characteristics. Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) is used to assess passenger perceptions of the performance quality of intermodal facilities. Based on the research finding, according to passengers perceptions of 49 service attributes, there are 20 attributes that have a high level of importance but low performance, indicating the existence of three service provision needs that need to be prioritized for improvement. First, the provision of adequate and disability-friendly sidewalk facilities. Second, the provision of pedestrian crossing facilities. Third, the access to and from the node that is free from traffic conflicts. The recommended solutions include the construction of sidewalks connected to the node points, built higher than the road surface, installation of guiding block, barrier posts, and ramps at each end of the sidewalk, construction of an overpass (JPO) at the Asrama Haji Station and a pelican cross at the Bumi Sriwijaya Station, and the regulation of transit areas to prevent vehicles from parking and waiting at the entrance and exit points of the node.

PERSEPSI PENGGUNA LRT JABODEBEK STASIUN HARJAMUKTI

Light Rail Transit (LRT) is a type of train that allows people who own private vehicles to switch to mass transportation. The purpose of LRT is to reduce congestion in Jabodebek. Both facilities and services support the use of mass transportation. The purpose of research is see the perceptions users of LRT Jabodebek LRT at Harjamukti Station. This station is a station that has been opened and serves to help people around Cibubur to Jakarta. The Cibubur community has several disadvantages when heading to the Harjamukti LRT station. One of them is the distance between the parking lot and the Harjamukti LRT station. In addition, the limit of public transportation that drops off passengers makes the Harjamukti LRT station still too far away. A survey on the perception of Harjamukti Station LRT users was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 120 people.

Property Value Premium of Transit Accessibility and Light Rail Transit Expansion in Portland, Oregon

Property Value Premium of Transit Accessibility and Light Rail Transit Expansion in Portland, Oregon

The HWAM-EMD-GRU Forecasting Model for Short-Term Passenger Flow in an Airport Light Rail Transit Line

Accurate forecasting of airport light rail transit line (ALRTL) outbound passenger flow is critical to the optimal operations of both light rail and airport systems. Considering the nonlinearity, non-stationarity, uncertainty, and periodicity of outbound passenger flow in the ALRTL, we propose a combined forecasting model that integrates the Holt and Winters additive model (HWAM), empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and gated recurrent unit (GRU). Firstly, the edge effect of EMD will greatly affect the performance of the forecasting model. To overcome this, we extend the passenger flow by HWAM. After that, the decomposition method, EMD, can be applied to passenger flow, and several intrinsic mode function (IMF) components can be extracted. After extracting all the IMFs, the remaining part is referred to as the residual (Res) component. Then, a correlation test is performed on all the components, followed by their aggregation. Finally, the GRU is used to predict each of the aggregated components, and the prediction of aggregated components requires reconstruction. To verify the performance of the HWAM-EMD-GRU, we conducted a comparative study on the hourly passenger flow data for Beijing Daxing International Airport Express and set the autoregressive integrated moving average model, HWAM, Prophet, and GRU as the baseline. Predictions of the HWAM-EMD-GRU combined model demonstrated higher accuracy than baseline models, with a root mean square error of 83.52 (Prophet is 110.21) and mean absolute percentage error of 8.32% (Prophet is 12.48 %). The experimental result shows that the HWAM-EMD-GRU forecasting model offers more accurate predictions.

Jakarta Light Rail Transit Station: Elevating Pedestrian Experience Through Innovative Integration Facilities

Jakarta Light Rail Transit Station: Elevating Pedestrian Experience Through Innovative Integration Facilities

Toward a Better Understanding of the Construction Impacts of a Light Rail System in Montréal, Canada

Large-scale transport infrastructure projects generate long-lasting changes in the built environment and alter the lives of nearby residents. It is crucial to understand public perceptions of public-transit projects and associated construction impacts, as they influence the social acceptance and eventual success of such projects. To characterize the construction-phase experiences of a new light rail in Montréal, Canada—the Réseau express métropolitain (REM)—we analyzed data from 1,236 respondents from the Greater Montréal region who self-reported ongoing construction activities near their homes. This study employs an exploratory factor and k-means cluster analysis to group residents by their different experiences and perceptions of the REM and its associated construction impacts. The analysis returned five clusters with distinct construction experiences: construction-concerned travelers, REM-critical respondents, neutral travelers, REM enthusiasts, and rerouted travelers. Subsequently, the acceptability of the impacts during the construction phase on each cluster is assessed by comparing perceptions of the impact of neighborhood change on their quality of life and their intention to use the REM. Finally, we derive targeted policy recommendations to help promote increased social acceptability of light-rail transit (LRT) projects, including mitigating disruptions in construction zones, public information campaigns, and inclusive decision-making processes. Findings from this study can benefit policymakers and transport planners as they aim to reduce the disruptions associated with the construction of LRT systems and promote increased social acceptability.