Light Petroleum Distillate Research Articles

Экспериментальные исследования динамики спектров лазерно-индуцированной флуоресценции нефтяных загрязнений

The paper concerns experimental investigation of the dynamics in laser-induced fluorescence spectra emitted by various types of oil pollution (light and heavy petroleum distillates, crude oil) on the earth surface, using an eye-safe 0.355 µm fluorescence induction wavelength. We show that in terms of time, the signal of laser-induced fluorescence generated by oil pollution on the earth surface diminishes more slowly than that generated on the water surface in the same circumstances. However, even though the signal of laser-induced fluorescence on the earth surface (after oil pollution) takes more time to diminish, in a few hours or days after oil spillage (depending on the type of petroleum product) the signal of laser-induced fluorescence generated by oil pollution becomes comparable to that of natural objects (such as various vegetation types) on the earth surface

Determination of unchanged residues of a pyrethroid insecticide, PYR‐VU‐TO2, in sheep internal organ tissues

AbstractDuring subacute toxicological testing of PYR‐VU‐TO2, a novel cypermethrin‐like pyrethroid with a high (150:1) cis: trans ratio, its distribution in skeletal muscle and internal organ tissues of two groups of experimental sheep was investigated after oral administration of two different doses (1/10 and 1/20 of the LD10). Residual levels of PYR‐VU‐TO2 were also observed in sheep blood after administration of a single dose of the compound.Homogenized internal organ tissues and blood samples were extracted in light petroleum distillate+acetone for 15 min. After filtration, the extract was cleaned up on a ‘Florisil’R and sodium sulfate layer.The pyrethroid elution was processed with acetone+light petroleum distillate (2+98 by volume).Recoveries ranged from 80.7 to 93.5%.Unchanged PYR‐VU‐TO2 residues were determined on a 1.5‐m stainless steel packed column under isothermal conditions with an electron‐capture detector. The results were evaluated by the calibration curve method. The coefficients of variation were generally lower than 5% and determination limit for PYR‐VU‐TO2 was 20 μg kg−1.Mean unchanged PYR‐VU‐TO2 residues lay within a wide range. After six weeks of treatment the following order of tissue residue levels could be stated: heart>lung>muscle>spleen>kidney>liver>brain, and spleen>muscle>lung>heart>liver>kidney>brain for experimental groups I and II, respectively.Only small differences between the residues in the tissues of males and females were found in the first group (daily PYR‐VU‐TO2 dose of 50 mg kg−1 live weight). The experimental females of the second group (daily PYR‐VU‐TO2 dose of 200 mg kg−1 body weight) revealed higher levels (other than spleen) than did the males. Maximum PYR‐VU‐TO2 residues in sheep blood were found 24 h after administration of a single dose.Confirmation of the results was carried out by determination of 3‐(2,2‐dichlorovinyl)‐2,2‐dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid methyl ester by capillary GC.

Method for the determination of butachlor residues in water, soil and rice

A method is described for the analysis of water, soil and crops for residues of the herbicide butachlor. Residues were extracted with acetone + light petroleum distillate. The extracts were concentrated and purified on a chromatographic column containing aluminum oxide, silver–aluminum oxide and Florisil. Finally, they were quantitated by gas chromatography using an electron-capture detector. The detection limits of various samples were between 0.001 and 0.015 mg kg−1. The average recoveries ranged from 79.4 to 104.6%.

Effectiveness of cold solvent extraction systems for the determination of fumigant residues in cereal grains

AbstractTwo alternative cold solvent extraction mixtures, (a) light petroleum distillate (40–60°C boiling range) + 0.1‐M hydrochloric acid (2+3 by volume) and (b) acetone + water (5+1 by volume), were examined for their effectiveness in extraction of residues of bromochloromethane, 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride and 1,1,2‐trichloroethylene from cereal grains and rape seed. Apparent recoveries of fumigants from spiked solutions or spiked commodity extracts were generally in the range 90‐105%, acetone + water giving the higher results. For most fumigated samples extracted shortly after treatment, comparative results obtained for the two extraction mixtures were similar to those obtained for spiked extracts and this, together with rapid rates of extraction, suggested that almost complete extraction from the commodities had been obtained. However, the rate of extraction of residues from aged samples using either solvent mixture was often slow, with extraction continuing well beyond the recommended standing periods. Agreement in results obtained was significantly improved by standing for longer periods, in order that equilibrium of residual compounds between commodity and solvent could be reached. However, low results were obtained using light petroleum distillate + hydrochloric acid to extract all four fumigants from rape seed and bromochloromethane from oats. It is recommended that the effectiveness of the solvent mixture selected for extraction of this type of volatile residue from cereal grains is carefully checked, especially when determining residues in aged samples or samples of unknown history.

Rapid methods for the determination of low concentrations of total sulphur in liquids and gases. Part I. The determination of total sulphur in light petroleum distillate by reduction with Raney nickel

Granatelli's method for the determination of sulphur in liquid hydrocarbons has been modified to permit the determination of total sulphur in purified light petroleum distillate at concentrations below 4·0 p.p.m. w/v. A mixture of propan-2-ol and water is used as the reaction solvent in a rapid method for the determination of total sulphur in light petroleum distillate in the range 0·1 to 4·0 p.p.m. w/v with a precision of ±9 per cent. of the determined value. For concentrations in the range 0·01 to 0·10 p.p.m. a more lengthy method is given, which has an absolute precision of ±0·01 p.p.m. w/v.

Rapid methods for the determination of low concentrations of total sulphur in liquids and gases. Part II. The determination of total sulphur in natural gas and synthesis gases

A rapid method developed for the determination of total sulphur in light petroleum distillate is applied to the determination of total sulphur in natural gas. The sulphur compounds present in the gas are adsorbed on to a small amount of active carbon, which is then allowed to react with a suspension of Raney nickel in a water-propan-2-ol mixture and the sulphur determined as sulphide as described in Part I of this paper. An alternative procedure for the determination of total sulphur in gases containing compounds that are not reduced by Raney nickel is also described. The compounds of sulphur are adsorbed on to active carbon, desorbed into a stream of hydrogen, which then passes through a furnace at 900 °C, and the resulting hydrogen sulphide is determined as a stain on paper impregnated with lead acetate. Methods involving the use of a carbon adsorption tube give results with a precision of ±0·5 mg m–3 of sulphur on samples of stenched natural gas.

Low Temperature Steam Refoming Process of Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Recently in the gas industry, a great progress has been made in the gasification technique of petroleum hydrocarbons. Especially, the gasification process of light petroleum distillate by low temperature catalytic steam reforming under pressure has been recieving world wide attention as an economical process for the production of high calorific gas last few years.This paper describes the progress of the development research, fundamental reactions, the outline of the JGC MRG process and the operation data obtained by the commercialized plant.

Production of High B.t.u. from Light Petroleum Distillate by Low Temperature Catalytic Steam Reforming

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProduction of High B.t.u. from Light Petroleum Distillate by Low Temperature Catalytic Steam ReformingR. G. Cockerham and George PercivalCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1966, 5, 3, 253–257Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/i260019a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts

Group analysis of light distillates by chromatography with fluorescent indicators

CHROMATOGRAPHY with fluorescent indicators [1, 2, 3] ]ms found wide application abroad in the group analysis of gasoline and kerosine distillates. With the short time required (~20 minutes) and the small samples (0.5-2 ml) necessary the method makes it possible to determine aromatic, olefin and naphthene-paraffin hydrocarbon contents. The American patent indicators are used in all countries. Work is also being carried out in this direction in the Soviet Union. Panchenkov and Zhorov [4] obtained fluorescent indicators for the group analysis of light petroleum distillates. Similar work has been carried out in the Knibyshev Polytechnic Insti tute. Fluorescent indicators were obtained from the heavy residues of the NovoKuibyshev works, Radaev petroleum resin and numerous other products. With a combination of chromatography and fluorescent indicators and the aniline point method, the contents of aromatic, naphthene and paraffin hydrocarbons can be determined separately.

Trends in the Gasification of Light Petroleum Distillate in Europe.

Recently in Europe, the surplus of Light Petroleum Distillate has promoted its utilzation as a major raw material for Gas production, which, incidentally, made various new Gasification processes developed.In May, 1965, the authors had the priviledge of attending the 102nd General Meeting of the Institution of Gas Engineers held at Solihull, England. After the meeting the authors had an opportiunity of investigating the aspects on development of Gasification Processes in Europe for a month.This paper describes the development Process and the outlined feature of various processes which performed or are in developing stage, entitled “Trends for Gosification of light petroleum distillate in Europe, ” besides what Gasification process should be relating to the changing Situation of feedstocks in Europe in future on the basis of the information obtained through the observation.

Determination of Aromatics in Light Petroleum Distillates By Use of Specific Dispersions between Sodium D Line and Mercury g Line

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Aromatics in Light Petroleum Distillates By Use of Specific Dispersions between Sodium D Line and Mercury g LineH.M. Thorne, Walter Murphy, and John S. BallCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1945, 17, 8, 481–486Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1945https://doi.org/10.1021/i560144a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (695 KB) Get e-Alerts