Light In Gravitational Field Research Articles

The quantum luminiferous aether

A solid, two-component, quantum luminiferous aether is proposed to exist. Simple postulates are hypothesized, along with some physical laws and assignments. Derivations then lead to the equations of electrodynamics (Maxwell’s equations and the Lorentz force equation), Newton’s law of universal gravitation, and to two field-masses. The theory is shown to successfully meet the classic tests of general relativity: calculations for the advance of the perihelia, the Shapiro effect, and the gravitational redshift agree with experiment, and the experimental result concerning the bending of light in gravitational fields is also understood. Additionally, gravitational waves are understood, and the first of the field-masses allows for an understanding of what is presently known as dark matter. A new approach to analyzing dense objects such as white dwarfs and neutron stars is discussed, and since the theory has no singularity, a replacement for black holes is suggested. Replacing relativity with an absolute, realist, and physical model returns us to a flat Euclidean space and a separate time. Absolute simultaneity enables understanding of quantum mechanics. The underlying philosophical grounding is discussed.

Testing Einstein's Equivalence Principle with multi-band Very Long Baseline Array measurements of AGN core shifts

The Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP) can be tested with deflection of light in gravitational field. In this paper, we consider the apparent shifts of active galactic nuclei (AGN) core positions are due to violations of EEP. We use data from multi-wavelength Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) measurements and the gravitational field from our Milky Way Galaxy to put constraints on the parameterized post-Newtonian (PPN) parameter γ, and the differences of γ for photons over a frequency range of 8.11 to 15.37 GHz are within 2.30×10−6, while for 1.41 to 15.37 GHz photons are within 5.75×10−7, considering AGN jet properties. These results provide stringent constraints of EEP over a much wider frequency range than previous analysis.

A suggestion for MOND

Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) has had considerable success in describing motion in galaxies. It uses a single force which falls off inversely with the distance at large distances and inversely with the square of the distance at smaller distances. We present an alternative theory with two forces, one the traditional Newtonian inverse-square, and the other that falls off inversely with distance at large distances. This obvious possibility has been avoided because of fear that the second force would be incompatible with observed planetary motions. However, the nonlinear field equation that governs this force is shown to reduce its strength near stars. The theory is derived from a Lagrangian density with two scalar potentials. It is nonrelativistic, but nevertheless agrees with the “classical tests of relativistic gravity” and can be used to calculate the bending of light in gravitational fields. Possible applications to interactions in galactic clusters and to anomalous planetary motions are noted.

Introduction to the Theory of Relativity of Non-Inertial Systems and Mechanics of the Universe

The physical nature of inertia is explored. Authors, based on Mach’s principle, offer hypothesis of the induction nature of inertia and theory, which allows extend the principle of relativity to the non-inertial reference systems. The system of differential equations, which eliminates the shortcomings of Newtonian mechanics and Special Theory of Relativity (STR) was composed according to this theory. Row of concrete calculations and explanations are made using the theory. Reason of constancy orbital velocities of galaxies is found out and way of its calculations is shown. Existence of dark matter and the new particles (neutralinos, axons, space vacuum etc.) is prejudiced. Axial deviation of the ray of light in gravitational field is explained and calculated. An example of calculation of the Mercury’s orbital motion is made and complex planets’ trajectories are explained by the action of new field with induction nature. Flat rotation of celestial bodies and shaping of planets’ rings (like the Saturn’s rings) are explained. Indistinguishability of Doppler and Einstein’s effects for terrestrial observer is shown.

Transmission of electromagnetic waves and deflection of light in gravitational fields

The gauge invariance of the electromagnetic field in gravitational field is an important question. We prove d’ Alembert equation in gravitational field with gauge invariance under the Lorentz condition. Using the kinematic equation of photon in normal static and spherically symmetric gravitational fields, we deduce the orbital equation of photon. As a special example, we explicate the deduction and discussion about the deviation angular of light in Reissner-Nordstrom space-time.

Superluminal propagation of light in gravitational field and non-causal signals

It has been found in several papers that, because of quantum corrections, light front can propagate with superluminal velocity in gravitational fields and even in flat space-time across two conducting plates. We show that, if this is the case, closed time-like trajectories would be possible and, in particular, in certain reference frames photons could return to their source of origin before they were produced there, in contrast to the opposite statements made in the literature.

Dipole coupling of atoms and light in gravitational fields.

The dipole coupling term between a system of N particles with total charge zero and the electromagnetic field is derived in the presence of a weak gravitational field. It is shown that the form of the coupling remains the same as in flat space-time if it is written with respect to the proper time of the observer and to the measurable field components. Some remarks concerning the connection between the minimal and the dipole coupling are given.

Propagation of light in a Maxwell-like gravitational field

We propose a coupling between the gravitational and electromagnetic fields so that we consider the electrodynamical Maxwell's equations as the basic ones and add the four-vector of gravitational potential to the differential operators occurring in it. It is shown that by means of this coupling all well-known tests of Einstein's theory of gravitation connected with the propagation of light in gravitational field can be correctly calculated.

Constancy of the local velocity of light in general relativistic gravitational fields

Using the natural, real units (proper time and proper length) for the definition of the spatial velocity, it is shown that the velocity of light during its propagation through gravitational fields is constant and exactly equal to its value in vacuum. Therefore, according to General Relativity, it is not correct to speak about a variable velocity of light in gravitational fields.

Über die Schwere des Lichtes in der Newtonschen und in der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie

AbstractThe gravity theories of Newton and Einstein are giving opposite sentences about the velocity of light in gravitational field. According to the Newtonian theory the velocity v in gravitational field is greater than the velocity c in a field‐free space: v > c. According to general relativity theory we have a smaller velocity: v < c. For a spherical symmetric gravitational field Newton's theory gives \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ v \approx c\left({1 + \frac{{fM}}{{c^2 r}}} \right) $\end{document} but Einstein's theory of 1911 gives \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ v \approx c\left({1 - \frac{{fM}}{{c^2 r}}} \right) $\end{document} and general relativity gives \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ v \approx c\left({1 - 2\frac{{fM}}{{rc^2 }}} \right) $\end{document}. Therefore, the radarecho‐measurations of Shapiro are the experimentum crucis for Einstein's against Newton's theory.