Light Dependent Resistor Sensor Research Articles

EMPOWERING FUTURE BUILDINGS WITH IOT AND 5G TECHNOLOGY

In the realm of smart buildings, the convergence of Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G technology has unlocked unprecedented opportunities for enhanced building management, efficiency, and sustainability. This project endeavors to harness the potential of IoT sensors and actuators, including LDR, DHT, gas and smoke sensors, PIR, HVAC, lights, servo motors, buzzers, and displays, integrated with Arduino Nano microcontrollers. These microcontrollers serve as end nodes, orchestrating sensor data collection and actuator control. The data collected is transmitted to a gateway device, an ESP32 microcontroller, which interfaces with a wireless Wi-Fi router for connectivity. Leveraging the ThingSpeak platform, the gateway transmits data to the cloud, facilitating real-time monitoring and analysis. This system promises to revolutionize building management by enabling remote monitoring, predictive maintenance, energy optimization, and enhanced occupant comfort and safety. Through rigorous testing and optimization, this project aims to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of IoT and 5G technology integration in empowering future building infrastructures. Keywords— Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC),Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), (Digital Humidity and Temperature(DHT)

Solar Panel Cleaning System with Voltage Drop Detection

bstract: This research suggests a unique voltage drop sensor and LDR (light-dependent resistor) based solar panel dust removal detecting system. Whereas the voltage drop sensor gauges the voltage differential between the solar panel's input and output, the LDR sensor counts the amount of light reflected from the panel's surface. The system is able to precisely identify the existence of dust and assess its level of intensity by evaluating the aggregated data from these sensors. Afterwards, an automatic dust removal device, like a water spray system or robotic brush, can be started using this information. The suggested method improves the overall performance and lifespan of solar photovoltaic systems by providing an automated, economical, and efficient alternative for the removal of dust from solar panel

IOT based smart street light fault detection management system

In the contemporary landscape of urbanization and technological progress, efficient resource management, particularly in energy consumption, is paramount. Street lighting stands out as a significant energy consumer in urban environments. This paper proposes a Smart Street Light Fault Detection System utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology, a NodeMCU microcontroller, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), street lights, and the ThingSpeak. The system employs the NodeMCU microcontroller to monitor ambient light conditions through the LDR sensor, enabling automatic control of street lights to optimize energy usage. Furthermore, it integrates fault detection mechanisms to identify abnormalities in street light operations, such as constant light levels amidst changing environmental conditions, indicative of potential faults. Through the ThingSpeak, users can remotely monitor real-time LDR readings, receive notifications about detected faults, and take necessary actions, empowering city authorities or maintenance personnel with timely information for addressing issues and ensuring smooth infrastructure operation. This smart system offers advantages like energy efficiency, automated control, and proactive fault detection, facilitating significant energy savings, reduced maintenance costs, and enhanced sustainability in urban environments, thereby showcasing a practical implementation of IoT technology for smarter and more sustainable cities.

SISTEM DETEKSI MUTU TELUR AYAM RAS MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR LDR (LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR) BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO

Eggs are a food ingredient with excellent nutritional value, but their quality can deteriorate when stored for a long time. As consumers, it is crucial to be cautious in determining the quality of eggs to be consumed, as eggs may contain harmful pathogens that can cause diseases. The traditional manual detection process, typically done using a flashlight and water, is time-consuming and not always accurate. To address this issue, there is a need for an accurate egg quality inspection system to ensure that the eggs consumed are in a suitable condition. Based on this problem, an automated egg quality detection device has been developed using a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor. The device is composed of an Arduino Uno as the main microcontroller. When the LDR sensor detects light intensity emitted from the egg with a value <600, the egg is considered good; conversely, if the LDR value is >600, the egg is deemed bad. The output of the detection process is displayed on an LCD screen, accompanied by indicator lights. This device not only aids consumers in selecting high-quality eggs but also provides advantages for the egg industry. The implementation of this technology can enhance the efficiency of the mass egg selection process, reducing the risk of spreading diseases present in substandard eggs.

Solar Tracking for Automation of Irrigation System

Solar energy is considered the most important form of renewable energy resource, as the sun is the main source of energy for our planet Earth. Solar tracking makes sure the sun’s rays are always projected at an angle perpendicular to the solar panel. The main aim of our project is to increase the quantity of energy generated from the solar panel by using an automated Solar tracking system to capture the maximum radiation of the sun i.e., the maximum intensity of the sun’s rays. Our proposed system consists of the development of an automated water pumping system with the help of solar tracking. The proposed method increases efficiency. The power generated from a solar panel is stored in a battery and the power is sent to the water pump only when the soil is dry, this happens with the help of a soil moisture sensor. The solar panel rotates with the help of a DC motor and light-dependent resistor sensors. This is a low-cost project with the embedded system to produce electrical energy from the solar panels by using a microcontroller and sensors light-dependent resistors, where the power required for the automation of the tracking system and the working of the microcontroller is given by the electrical energy which is produced from the sun itself. In rural areas where there are several power cuts, this project can be very useful for the supply of water where the required power is given to the motor from the battery which is charged by the solar panel from its maximum intensity of light which can be tracked by the tracking system.

Monitoring solar heat intensity of dual axis solar tracker control system: New approach

Control of the amount of solar energy successfully absorbed by photovoltaic system equipment that can follow the movement of sunlight vertically and horizontally at any time is a very urgent need. The method used in this research activity is the utilization of the ESP8266 microcontroller as the primary control of photovoltaic movements that can follow the direction of sunlight based on information from the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor. The data variables measured and stored include current, voltage, and temperature, which are then processed and transmitted by the ESP 8266 microcontroller to the user through the Internet of Things (IoT) media to the BLINK application. The experimental results show that the proposed system using the ESP8266 microcontroller and LDR sensor increases efficiency, accuracy, speed, and convenience in the monitoring and control system of sunlight intensity by an average of 65%, compared with the manual monitoring system.

RANCANGAN BANGUN PROTOTYPE ALAT PENGERING KERUPUK OTOMATIS BERBASIS ARDUINO UNO

Along with the increasing times and the more busyness of humans, drying problems often become a very troublesome problem because it is still conventional by using direct sunlight. For example, when the crackers are drying, rain falls when the workers are doing other work. Of course the workers will feel anxious if the crackers that have been dried in the sun are wet with rain and have to be redried, so this research proposes to help the workers drying the crackers. This research will discuss the workings of the rain sensor, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensor and heat / temperature sensor for drying crackers with the Arduino Uno system. This study aims to make a prototype cracker drying device that can automatically open or close the protective tarp for the cracker drying rack when it rains or the sun's light intensity has darkened using the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The design of this application uses the method prototype and uses the DELPHI programming language by utilizing the Arduino IDE and using the Microsoft Access database. The results of this study were obtained in the form of an automatic cracker drying tool application that can detect weather conditions during drying well. This tool will help the drying process from the beginning of drying until the crackers are completely dry and ready to be marketed.

Design and Fabrication of Greenhouse Monitoring and Control System Based on Global System for Mobile Communication and Bluetooth

Greenhouse technology should be embraced as a way of minimizing food insecurity in Kenya. Greenhouses have attempted to solve this problem by enclosing crops in a climatically controlled environment. In the past, greenhouses utilized electromechanical devices such as thermostats to monitor and control the greenhouse environment. Mechanical systems lack the flexibility and precision required for greenhouse control. Some modern greenhouses use computers -based controllers, which are station- based, bulky and costly. In this study a wireless prototype greenhouse monitoring and control system that is flexible, cheap, easy to maintain and easy to assemble was developed and implemented. The hardware consisted of ATmega328 microcontroller, Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) SIM800L module, HC05 Bluetooth module, HD44780U Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) module, 5 volts 4 channel relay module, Light dependent resistor (LDR) sensor and digital humidity and temperature (DHT11) sensor. The DHT11 and LDR sensors, the relay, the LCD, the GSM and the Bluetooth modules were interfaced to the ATmega328 microcontroller, through Arduino software, a program was written in C language, developed and uploaded to the ATmega328 microcontroller to run the greenhouse prototype. The designed prototype system is able to measure temperature, humidity, and light illuminance levels in the prototype greenhouse and display the values on the LCD. The system also transmits the measured values to owner’s phone via Bluetooth or GSM and keeps these parameters at optimum levels by use of two fans, a heater, a bulb and a sprinkler. From results, when the actuators were on, the average internal temperature was 24.5 ºC while the average external temperature was 31.43 ºC. The average temperature control effect and cooling efficiency per hour for the designed prototype were 6.9 ºC and 75.9%, respectively. At stable cooling state, the maximum cooling efficiency was 78%. This project therefore provides a cost effective and efficient means of monitoring and controlling greenhouse parameters. In addition, the system allows mobility during monitoring and control process. The agricultural sector in Kenya, can apply the designed prototype in the design and implementation of greenhouses.

Measuring the Voltage, Current and Resistance of the LDR Sensor through the Arduino UNO

The main purpose of this paper is to build an intelligent electronic system based on LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensor. A very interesting but also very useful part of this scientific research is the measurement of electrical quantities with high precision as intelligent machines know and can achieve, and one of them in this case is the Arduino Uno microcontroller. These measurements of electrical quantities such as voltage, resistance, and current intensity are used in programmable logic in the microcontroller to decide when to light a light or more and when not to light. Of course, this problem has been solved by using the LDR sensor in the electronic system. Such an electronic and programmable system works perfectly. The work itself contains solutions of electrical circuits in an analytical way, connection of electronic circuits with the Arduino Uno module, communication with the input and output devices of the ATMEGA 328P microcontroller interface and the fusion of the source code - Sketch. This paper will serve as a good basis for further research in determining the wavelength of light which represents an obstacle for people with vision problems. All the measurements of electrical quantities through the Arduino Uno microcontroller have also been confirmed with the measurements made through the universal voltmeter instrument. The results of each measurement are very approximate, of course, many times faster and more accurate than those with a microcontroller.

PERANCANGAN PROTOTIPE JEMURAN PAKAIAN OTOMATIS BERBASIS ARDUINO DENGAN PENDEKATAN INTERNET OF THING

ABSTRACT
 
 It is currently impossible to forecast whether it will rain or be sunny in Indonesia, particularly in the city of Batam. This continues to be a significant issue for those who are drying clothes, particularly in wet weather. Weather like this makes some people concerned because they don't have time to pick up the clothesline in wet circumstances, so they frequently leave clothing that have dried in the sun to travel. In addition, Indonesia's tropical climate frequently has extended rainy seasons, and there are several places with high rainfall, which gives us pause when air-drying garments outside the house. Most individuals hang their clothing to dry on the house's terrace during the rainy season. This is done to prevent precipitation from drying out on clothes when their owners are out and about. The author derived a design for an automatic clothesline puller from the description of the issue given above. This device incorporates a rain sensor and a light dependent resistor sensor into an Arduino Uno microcontroller. For this tool to draw the clothesline to a location that is shielded from rainwater, it first uses the rain sensor and the LDR sensor to sense the weather around it. When the sensor does not get light, the equipment will translate rain. The tool will move the clothesline to a location where it is exposed to the sun when the sensor detects sunshine since it will interpret this as a sign that it is hot outside. While raindrops are being detected by the rain sensor. When drying clothing during the rainy season, it is hoped that the development of an automatic clothesline puller will help people feel less anxious.

IoT-Based Automated Solar Panel Cleaning and Monitoring Technique

Aims: The objective of this research work is to design and develop an IoT-based automated solar panel cleaning and real-time monitoring system using a microcontroller to improve the output and efficiency of a solar module at a low cost.
 Study Design: Most of the time, dust over solar panels creates a barrier that obstructs the sun’s radiation and reduces their performance. As such, it is necessary to keep the solar panel clean to improve output power levels. We integrated the IoT technology along with a range of components, including a microcontroller, a NodeMCU, a servo motor, a DC motor-driven submersible pump, a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), an LCD with driver IC, etc. to design the system. We developed the assembly language program for the microcontroller.
 Place and Duration of Study: The work was conducted individually under the supervisor of a faculty member as a part of the final project work of the Master of Engineering degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering at American International University Bangladesh (AIUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The student conducted his research work at AIUB for two consecutive semesters from September 2022 to May 2023.
 Methodology: An LDR sensor detects the solar panel’s dirtiness and triggers the cleaning process through the microcontroller. The system monitors this continuously and real-time vital data is accessible to have some performance metrics, empowering timely maintenance actions to be triggered by the system and hence ensuring the maximum power output. The automated cleaning mechanism, driven by servo motors and mini submersible DC motor pumps, effectively removes dust and dirt from solar panels. An application was used to get real-time data through the internet to the user’s smartphone.
 Results: The server data is accessed to observe the system performance. The cost analysis shows that this system offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution for maintaining clean solar panels and optimizing power output.
 Conclusion: Such an automation system can contribute meaningfully to the progression of renewable power generation by significantly improving the efficiency and longevity of solar panels. Thus, we can have sustainable and efficient energy systems in the country by integrating IoT-based automation systems.

Simulasi dan Analisis Tegangan Sensor LDR dengan OP-AMP Berbeda

The development of the accelerated pace of technology makes people motivated to make new innovations, as well as something that can be controlled automatically. Therefore, we need a sensor that can facilitate human activities, especially in the home light control system. The purpose of this study is to test and analyze the LDR sensor by simulating a software, namely Proteus with different op-amps. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) is a type of resistor whose resistance value depends on the intensity of light. The method used in this research is an experimental method, namely by conducting repeated tests 10 times for different types of op-amps. The tests carried out here use three ICs that have different types, namely IC LM 358, IC LM741 and IC LM747. The results of this study are the average voltage value generated for the IC LM385 input 2.75 Volt and 4.99 Volt, IC LM 741 input 2.74 Volt and 2.62 Volt and IC OP07 2.77 Volt input and output 2.5 Volts. Of the three IC test results, the largest average voltage value for both input and output is the OP-AMP LM385 IC.

Implementation of Energy-Saving Lamp With Automatic System Using LDR SENSOR (Light Dependent Resistor) Combination at Village Guard Posts and Mosques in Probolinggo

This study presents the design of an energy-saving lamp with an automatic system using LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensors. The LDR sensor acts as a light regulator based on its resistance value, influenced by the received light intensity. The sensor activates when there is a slight increase in the received light. This sensor is used in combination with lamps to enable automatic operation, relying on sunlight as an essential aspect. The sensor-controlled lamps remain off during the day and turn on automatically at night due to reduced sunlight. The installation of these sensor-based lamps is implemented in guard posts within residential areas and mushollah to significantly contribute to efficient illumination in the surrounding areas. The benefits of these sensor-based lamps alleviate the need for manual activation by the guards as the lamps function automatically with the integrated sensor system.

Sipekernik: Sistem Pemantau Kekeruhan Air dan Pengairan pada Akuaponik Menggunakan Sensor Turbidity, LDR dan Water Level

Aquaponics is an alternative to cultivating plants and fish in one place. This technique integrates fish farming with plants. In this case, aquaponic plants utilize nutrients from fish waste. Plants in aquaponics function as a biofilter, which will reduce these toxic substances into substances that are not harmful to fish and supply oxygen to fish-keeping ponds. With this technique, there will be a symbiosis of mutualism or a mutually beneficial cycle. The advantages obtained are the efficiency of water use and the reduction of waste contamination resulting from disposal into public waters. The water recirculation period affects the quality and quantity of fish and plants produced. Turbidity for cultivation should be no more than 25 NTU. Therefore, this tool is designed to detect the turbidity value of fish pond water in order to know the time to drain the pond using a turbidity sensor and regulate water irrigation in aquaponic installations based on light intensity values so that water does not stagnate in the installation pipe. The manufacture of this tool uses several components, such as an Arduino as a microcontroller, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensor functions to turn on and off the pump, turbidity sensor functions to determine the turbidity value of pool water, and water level sensor functions to adjust the water level when draining and filling. pond water. At pump 1, the water will turn on if the intensity value of the LDR sensor is 650. If the turbidity sensor value is 25 NTU, then pump 2 will turn on and dump pool water into the shelter. After the pond water is drained to the specified height level, pump 3 will turn on to fill the fish pond with water. Pump 3 will stop when the water level is > 665.

Penerapan Logika Fuzzy pada Alat Pendeteksi Kualitas Telur Berbasis Mikrokontroler Arduino

The process of selecting good eggs that are suitable for consumption is usually carried out using the candling method manually or by observing using a light or flashlight, then observing with the eyes. This method has weaknesses, because manual observations take a long time and the possibility of errors. it is necessary to make a tool that can efficiently detect eggs, using a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor and an Arduino. LDR Sensor is used to capture the intensity of light, which is emitted into the egg, then processed using Arduino basic for decision maker with fuzzy logic. This tool works with the results of the LDR sensor and displayed on the LCD and color LEDs. Based on the experimental results obtained that the accuracy of the tool is 95%

Sensor fusion applied to the estimate of luminous intensity (LUX) in practical class

In the last ten years, the development of sensors with greater accuracy and precision due to improvements in manufacturing processes has enabled the expansion of their use in several areas. However, the purchase price, mainly of products from renowned manufacturers, in view of their applications, can make simpler projects unfeasible. The sensor data fusion technique is a viable alternative to resolve this issue, as mathematical models can be proposed and used in different situations. These models allow improving the data obtained in order to generate reliable information. Therefore, the objective of this work was to verify the performance of multiple linear regression applied to the fusion of redundant quantitative data from 5mm LDR sensors in estimating the luminous intensity (LUX) in simulated scenarios. To carry out the experiment, 3 LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensors, 3 LM393 signal conditioners, 1 USB 6009 DAQ data acquisition board (14 bits), 1 LT40 Extech luxmeter, in addition to the LabView software were used. It was found that LDR A and B sensors showed higher levels of accuracy. Furthermore, a significant improvement in the level of accuracy was found when combining data from sensors A and B in the form of multiple linear regression.

Device-based Real-time Single User Indoor Localization Using Internet of Things

Background: Localization is an important area of implementation of the internet of things based on Wireless Sensor Networks. Outdoor user tracking is possible using the global positioning system; however, the global positioning system accuracy decreases in indoor environments. To overcome this problem, the wireless sensor network is used in internet of things-based technology for localization. Objective: The wireless sensor network-based indoor localization is categorized into two categories; rangebased and range-free localization. In range-based localization, it first computes the relative distance and then calculates relative coordinates. In range-based techniques, distance and position are calculated. The internet of things-based localization uses the range-based and range-free techniques of a wireless sensor network to localize any object. The Light Dependent Resistor-based localization work has been proposed in previous research. In this research, the light-dependent resistor traces a person’s entry /exit event as the person switches ON/OFF lights of the building. However, it was not a sufficient effort to localize a person using light dependent resistor. To overcome the problem of light dependent resistor, the two PIR sensors have been used in each room along with one RFID based approach in this study. Methods: An indoor scenario has been considered in this study. The hardware setup has been configured to trace the user. When a user enters inside a building, he will switch on the lights, and the light sensor records the light intensity and gives some reading. The difference in the reading of the light sensor (before switching ON the light and after switching OFF the light) gives some clue about a user in an indoor scenario. Nevertheless, if the lights of many rooms remain switched ON, then the user cannot be localized using the above method. In order to sort out this ambiguity of light sensors, two passive infrared sensors in each room along with one radio frequency identification-based model have been proposed in the present study. Implementing the single-user localization using a light-dependent resistor sensor becomes erroneous if a person moves from one room to another and the lights get turned ON/OFF. Moreover, the LDR-based model is affected by sunlight during the daytime. Results: As the implementation of passive infrared sensors along with one RFID-based localization technique gives 93% efficiency, the light-dependent resistor-based localization system gives an efficiency of 35%. Conclusion: The light-dependent resistor-based approach is prone to more errors because the user may enter multiple rooms while the lights of each room remain ON. To overcome this problem, a passive infrared sensor and radio frequency identification-based approach for a single user indoor localization has been proposed. The proposed techniques are easy and cost-effective for implementation. The results show that the proposed technique provides better localization accuracy than a light-dependent sensor-based technique for single-user indoor localization.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Robot Pemilah Sampah Anorganik dengan Inductive Proximity dan LDR Sebagai Sensor

The existence of garbage from day to day has always increased. In 2019, waste in Indonesia reached 98 million tons. Problems that arise because management of waste that is not done well, can hinder waste management. It is necessary to create a system that can sort waste according to its type so that the grouping of waste becomes more practical and the recycling process can be done easily. In this research, inorganic waste sorting robot was created that can be used as an automatic trash can that can sort and place inorganic waste according to its type. This system works by involving an inductive proximity sensor to detect metal waste and a light dependent resistor sensor equipped with a laser to detect metal waste, paper and plastic waste. From the results of testing on the tool, the accuracy of the detection of waste types for metal waste, paper waste and plastic waste is 84%, 88% and 90%, respectively. While the average response time of the non-organic waste sorting robot in detecting each type of waste is 2.15028 seconds for metal waste, 2.15014 seconds for paper waste and 2.15028 seconds for plastic waste

Automatic Clothing Drying Using Rain Sensors and Ldr Sensors Based on Arduino UNO

During the rainy season, the majority of people feel anxious when they are drying clothes. This anxiety will increase when drying clothes but is outside the house, and the house is not there. From that incident people became reluctant drying clothes in an open place, because I was worried that the clothesline would get wet in the rain. When the rainy season the majority of people dry their clothes on the terrace of the house, this is done to Avoid drying clothes exposed to rain when the owner is left doing outdoor activities house. From the description of the problem above, the author found the idea to make a towing device clothesline that can work automatically. The tool uses an Arduino microcontroller The Uno is coupled with a rain sensor and a Light Dependent Resistor sensor. The way this tool works is detects the surrounding weather through the rain sensor and LDR sensor, when the sensor does not receive light then the tool will translate it will rain, so the tool will attract clothesline in a place protected from rain. When the sensor detects sunlight the tool will translate that the weather around is hot, so the tool will pull the clothesline a place exposed to the sun. While the rain sensor detects droplets from the water rain.Hopefully with the creation of an automatic clothesline puller can help people reduce anxiety when drying clothes in the rainy season.
 Keywords: Arduino Uno; microcontroller; Rain sensor; LDR; Motor driver.

Development of Learning Media Simulation of Automatic Garden Lights Using the Proteus Application

With so many garden lights, gardeners often struggle to turn on or turn on garden lights manually, this study aims to make it easier for park officers or gardeners to turn on or turn off garden lights practically. Automatic garden light is a lighting system that runs automatically, this system can use light sensors such as LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), photodiode and others. However, this circuit system can also use a timer that has been set in time when the circuit or garden lights will turn on and off, this can happen because there is an automatic switch circuit that utilizes the characteristics of one of the light sensors, namely the LDR sensor whose resistance value can change according to Light intensity. During the day, the resistance value of the LDR will be very high and even reach its maximum value of 10k , this makes the current flowing to the base of the transistor very small, to activate the transistor 2N3055 a minimum voltage of 0.9V is needed to the base of the transistor. Because the resistance of the LDR is very large, the voltage that enters the base of the transistor will be very small or even non-existent so that the transistor is like an open switch and does not flow current. One type of automatic switch that is widely used today is a light switch with a light sensor, where the switch will turn off and on automatically because it is affected by the intensity of the light around it. For example, at night, we don't need to press the switch to turn on the lights, because the lights will turn on automatically. The results of this study indicate that the simulation experiment of garden lights using the Proteus application went well, the use of simulation using Proteus also aims to make it easier for us to understand an electronic component and how it works.