In this article, we analyze the vertices ${D}^{*}{D}_{s}K$, ${D}_{s}^{*}DK$, ${D}_{0}{D}_{s}K$, and ${D}_{s0}DK$ within the framework of the light-cone QCD sum rules approach in an unified way. The strong coupling constants ${G}_{{D}^{*}{D}_{s}K}$ and ${G}_{{D}_{s}^{*}DK}$ are important parameters in evaluating the charmonium absorption cross sections in searching for the quark-gluon plasmas. Our numerical values of the ${G}_{{D}^{*}{D}_{s}K}$ and ${G}_{{D}_{s}^{*}DK}$ are compatible with the existing estimations although somewhat smaller; the $SU(4)$ symmetry breaking effects are very large, about 60%. For the charmed scalar mesons ${D}_{0}$ and ${D}_{s0}$, we take the point of view that they are the conventional $c\overline{u}$ and $c\overline{s}$ mesons, respectively, and calculate the strong coupling constants ${G}_{{D}_{0}{D}_{s}K}$ and ${G}_{{D}_{s0}DK}$ with the vector interpolating currents. The numerical values of the scalar-${D}_{s}K$ and scalar-$DK$ coupling constants ${G}_{{D}_{0}{D}_{s}K}$ and ${G}_{{D}_{s0}DK}$ are compatible with the existing estimations---the large values support the hadronic dressing mechanism. Furthermore, we study the dependence of the four strong coupling constants ${G}_{{D}^{*}{D}_{s}K}$, ${G}_{{D}_{s}^{*}DK}$, ${G}_{{D}_{0}{D}_{s}K}$, and ${G}_{{D}_{s0}DK}$ on the nonperturbative parameter ${a}_{4}$ of the twist-2 $K$ meson light-cone distribution amplitude.