Lifting Method Research Articles

Designing a New Artificial Lift Method Using Computational Simulation and Evolutionary Optimization

Oil exploitation has moved into deeper reservoirs with the advances in drilling techniques and thus the development of new pumping techniques has become a challenge to improve production. The positive displacement pumping system proposed in this paper is presented as an artificial lift technique. Here we present a new pumping device, its estimated operational curves through numerical simulations and a prototype of the device, denominated a Double Acting Submersible Linear Pump (SLP), which is a hydraulic system adapted for inside well operations. Design parameters used in the tests were optimized using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to maximize oil production while optimizing the parameters (characterstics) of the pump, such as maximum pump diameters and submersible electric motor power, pressure and volumetric displacement of the hydraulic pump. Also presented are the operating curves estimated from the numerical simulation of the power and pump modules, as well as the SLP0 and SLP1 experimental test curves in a controlled environment using the optimized parameters obtained using PSO The data obtained were compared to the computational simulations performed with the Automation Studio™ software. The SLP0 and SLP1 optimal design tests showed the importance to delimit the range of operation within which the SLP must operate, since the pipes and hydraulic components must be suitable for the flow of hydraulic oil and the production oil. The findings presented here play an important role in the production process of a fully operational SLP prototype.

Improvement of MV Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter (CHBI) VFD Availability for High-Power ESP Oil Wells

Artificial lift systems are generally applied in the petroleum industry to provide the energy to transfer the oil from the reservoir to the surface. Electrical submersible pump (ESP) system is an artificial lift method extensively used in recovery. The maintenance cost of ESP and associate equipment is very high; therefore, the maximum availability of the system components is continuously sought. The aim of this paper is at analyzing the availability and reliability of frequency converters applied to medium voltage (MV) multilevel cascaded H-bridge inverters topology for ESP. A method to increase availability of MV frequency drives is thus proposed, enabling fewer losses in the production and a greater return on the economic investment (ROI).

Comparative Economic Analysis of Offshore Platform Decommissioning Methods

In this work, three basic approaches for removing offshore facilities-piece small, piece large and single lift methods were considered and applied to six different platforms (A, B, C, D, E and F) using data obtained from Proserv Offshore. The aim is to ascertain the decommissioning costs, salvage values and the onshore real value of each platform in the future when decommissioning will take place. The decommissioning cost for piece large obtained was used to generate piece small and single lift decommissioning costs exploiting analytical method/using relevant relations. The annual interest rate was derived from the data which was provided for 2010 and 2014 and the future decommissioning costs for each method was estimated for all the six platforms. The decommissioning costs (in million US dollars (M$)) for the six platforms A, B, C, D, E and F with respective weights 2012, 15128, 42100, 54660, 112392 and 130178 tons for piece small method are respectively 25.1, 164.5, 851.7, 1321.3, 5051.4 and 6196.5. The salvage values (in M$) for these platforms using the piece small method are 105.76, 217.87, 468.04, 570.64, 1099.47 and 1169.77 respectively while the onshore real values after decommissioning are 80.66, 53.37, -383.66, -750.66, -3951.93 and -5026.73. Results were also obtained for the other two methods. Comparing the results of the different methods it was observed that the most appropriate decommissioning option for Nigeria offshore is piece large with decommissioning cost, salvage Value and onshore real value of 16.7 M$, 100.2 M$ and 83.5 M$ respectively for platform A.

The Critical Investigation on Essential Parameters to Optimize the Gas Lift Performance In “J” Field Using Prosper Modelling

The declining reservoir, oil production and pressure depletion with the well being produced, the results of the investment of the well will also decrease. For that there needs to be energy that can help to lift the fluid to the surface.
 One of the artificial lift methods that can be used is a gas lift. Gas lift is a method commonly used when there is a natural gas source as an injection gas supply. The selection of the artificial lift method is based on several considerations, namely the reservoir conditions, fluid conditions, well conditions, conditions on the surface, availability of electricity, availability of gas, and sand problem. The influential parameters in the selection of gas lifts include: Productivity Index (PI), Gas Liquid Ratio (GLR), depth of the well and driving mechanism from the reservoir.
 The Gas Lift that the production optimization wants to do is the injection system in a Continuous Gas Lift. Used in wells that have a high Productifity Index value. Where in the LB field to be analyzed, the Productifity Index value is 2.0 bpd / psi.
 This study intends to optimize a gaslift well performance as an effort to maximize the results of well production.
 Based on the research that has been done using Prosper Modeling on the “J” field, the following conclusions are obtained the effect of pressure and viscosity on the gas lift well flow rate in this condition can be said to be efficient, because the conditions / pressure given at temperatures below 300 F can reach the miscible condition and from the results of determining the optimal conditions to get the best well performance, obtain an optimal liquid rate of 1829.4 STB / D with an oil rate of 36.6 STB / D.
 
 Keywords: Gas lift, Optimization, Immiscible Pressure, Viscosity

Investigation of flow characteristics in helical separator

The oil recovery technology of submersible electric pump has the advantages of multi-function and strong adaptability, which has become one of the important lifting methods at present. High gas-liquid ratio and low downhole pressure in oil well will lead to a large amount of natural gas in crude oil. Cavitation and air lock will shorten the pump operation cycle. Therefore, a gas separator is installed at the inlet of the pump to separate the gas from the well fluid, reducing the volume fraction of the gas entering the pump and improving the production efficiency of the pump. In this study, the flow passage of the helical separator is treated as an equal-section pipeline in the research process. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the separation efficiency and pressure loss in the helical separator are studied and the expression of the total liquid phase drag multiplier applicable to the separator structure is obtained by the method of fitting.

Design and Economic Evaluation of the ESP and Gas Lift on the Dead Oil Well

Owing to the increasing water cut and decreasing in reservoir pressure of the well, the oil production of the well has seized and the well has become dead. This research study evaluates the implementation of the artificial lift methods ESP and Gas Lift- economically and technically on the well by using the production performance software (PROSPER) and economical yardsticks (NPV and ROI). The theory, design, production forecast, capital and operating expenditures of the electric submersible pump and gas lift are discussed for the appropriate selection of any of two options. The PROSPER software is used as the simulation tool for the design and production forecasting of the ESP and Gas Lift based. The ESP and Gas Lift methods have been simulated for the design and production forecast by entering the reservoir and completion inputs in the software. Subsequently, the software has been simulated to run on different sensitivities of the variables such as water cut, wellhead pressure setting depth, operating frequency and gas injection rates to check the production rates at different scenarios. Having performed the production performance simulation on the selected artificial lift methods, the methods have been investigated by capital budget-ing. In capital budgeting, the capital and operating expenditures of both lift methods were evaluated by determining their discounted value (NPV) and re-turn on investment (ROI). The prime objective of the research is to accomplish maximum production rates and profitability by selecting the most appropriate artificial lift method for the well; as a consequence it is concluded that the suitable artificial lift method for a well can be selected by applying the simulation and economical schemes.

A Comparison of Electric Motors for Electrical Submersible Pumps Used in the Oil and Gas Industry

Where the pressure in oil or gas reservoir is not sufficient, in order to increase the production rate, an artificial lift method is required. There are several methods for obtaining artificial lift, including gas injection and electrical submersible pumps. Electrical submersible pumps are more controllable, offer faster installation, and are more economic than other methods, especially for vertical and deviated wells. Electrical submersible pumps systems consist of several parts, including the pump, an electric motor, cables, and a control board. The electric motor plays an important role in an electrical submersible pumps system, and it must produce high torque under high temperature and high-pressure conditions. For small diameter wells, there is also a constraint on the motor diameter. These harsh conditions and constraints require special motors. In this article, the desired criteria for such a motor for this application are represented; then, a comparison is made among several types of motors, including induction motors and various permanent magnet motors, and the resulting best choices are proposed.

Identifiability of Multichannel Blind Deconvolution and Nonconvex Regularization Algorithm

In this paper, we consider the multichannel blind deconvolution problem, where we observe the output of channels $\mathbf {h}_{i}\in \mathbb {R}^n$ ( $i=1,...,N$ ) that all convolve with the same unknown input signal $\mathbf {x}\in \mathbb {R}^n$ . We wish to estimate the input signal and blur kernels simultaneously. Existing theoretical results showed that the original inputs are identifiable under subspace assumptions. However, the subspaces discussed before were randomly or generically chosen. Here, we propose deterministic subspace assumption, which is widely used in practice, and give some theoretical results. First of all, we derive tight sufficient condition for identifiability of signal and convolution kernels, which is only violated on a set of Lebesgue measure zero. Then, we present a nonconvex regularization algorithm by a lifting method and approximate the rank-one constraint via the difference of nuclear norm and Frobenius norm. The global minimizer of the proposed nonconvex algorithm is rank-one matrix under mild conditions on parameters and noise level. The stability result is also shown under the assumption that the inputs lie in a compact set. Besides, the computation of our regularization model is carried out and any limit point of iterations converges to a stationary point of our model. Finally, we provide numerical experiments to show that our nonconvex regularization model outperforms convex relaxation models, such as nuclear norm minimization and some nonconvex methods, such as alternating minimization method and spectral method.

Olympic lifting vs. traditional lifting methods for North American high school football players

A stronger emphasis has been placed on increasing strength, power, size, and speed for today’s football player. The key to obtaining these abilities and skills are accomplished in the weight room. There are various types of lifting methods when it comes to resistance training (RT) for football. Two types of lifting styles that are often used for high school football weight training programs are the traditional lifting or core training programs and Olympic style lifting. It is thought that Olympic lifts help to increase power, which is something that can be transferred onto the playing field and help improve overall performance. This study compared two different styles of RT (traditional vs. Olympic) in North American High School football athletes in order to determine if one RT protocol was superior at improving measures of speed, strength, and power. Forty male, high school football players ranging from 14 to 18 years old participated in an eight week, off-season, early morning football resistance training program. Each participant was randomly selected into either the traditional resistance protocol (TR: n = 20) or Four Quarters protocol (FQ: n = 20) experimental groups. The players each had the same weight lifting/conditioning routine, however, twice a week the FQ group performed an Olympic lift variation and the TR group performed a dead lift. Pre- and post-assessment scores were obtained and compared in the 1-RM squat, 1-RM power clean, vertical jump (VJ) and 9.14 meter sprint. Pre- post- scores were compared with in each group with a dependent t-test. A gain score was also calculated for each dependent variable (post-pre score) and compared between the experimental groups with an independent t-tests (p≤0.05). Both groups made improvements in pre to post assessments in the 1-RM squat, 1-RM power clean, and VJ (p<0.05). The gain scores for the 1-RM squat, 1-RM power clean were significantly greater for the FQ group (p<0.05). Neither group improved 9.14 meter sprint times (p>0.05). The results of this study are consistent with those found in previous literature demonstrating that increases in both the 1-RM squat and 1-RM power clean are better achieved using an Olympic lift variations when compared to using a traditional lifting method. Resistance training programs for athletes are designed with the goal of improving physical performance on the field of play. The results of this study suggest that improvements in muscular strength and power as measured by the 1-RM squat and 1-RM power clean are best achieved with a RT protocol that includes the Olympic lift variation of the power clean.

An Improved Numerical Computation of Hull Pressure Fluctuations Due to Unsteady Sheet Cavitation of a Propeller

An operating propeller is the main source of vibration on the ship hull, especially on the stern. In this article, an improved numerical scheme is presented to predict the pressure fluctuations on the ship hull due to the unsteady sheet cavitation of a propeller. The calculated results are compared with the published results and experimental data carried out in the hydrodynamics and cavitation tunnel of Hamburgische Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt to verify the improvement. The present method is based on a two-cycle iterating scheme which satisfies the boundary integral equation in time domain. The hull pressure fluctuations calculated by the first-cycle iterations are treated as the initial values for the second-cycle iterations. The solid angles of the elements will deviate from the standard value, .5, as the dramatic variation in geometry appears, and accumulate numerical errors in the calculating process. During the second-cycle iterations, a filter based on the solid angles on hull elements is proposed to minimize the iterating error. A container ship is treated as the computing sample in this study, and evidence is offered regarding the 16% improvement achieved by the present method. 1. Introduction A propeller operating in a nonuniform wake field in the ocean is one of the prime sources of vibration and noise affecting the ship. The prediction of hull pressure fluctuations caused by propellers is an important consideration for many vessels and worthy of being researched. Hull pressure fluctuation caused by the marine propeller has been widely investigated since the 1980s. Huse and Guoqiang (1982) developed a semi-empirical prediction method, in which the cavitation volume on the propeller blade surface can be estimated using experimental data. Breslin et al. (1982) proposed a model based on the potential flow theory, which simulates the ship hull by means of a simple panel method and the propeller by means of a lifting surface vortex lattice method. Kinns and Bloor (2004) used an acoustic boundary element (BE) model to simplify the problem of hull vibration excitation due to propeller sources and dipoles. The convergence of results for a cruise liner model was demonstrated with different element distributions. Kehr and Kao (2004) derived the incident blade rate pressure induced by unsteady sheet cavitation (monopole) and unsteady forces (dipole) of an operating propeller, for calculating the hull pressure fluctuations. Brouwer (2005) applied a stationary set of rings of monopole and dipole sources in the frequency domain to solve the propeller-induced noise and vibrations. Lee et al. (2006) integrated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the finite difference method for the computation of propeller-induced hull vibration. It was recommended that the phase difference of the propeller-induced pressure should be considered for preventing overprediction. Kao and Kehr (2006) developed a time domain iteration method to calculate the hull pressure fluctuations induced by the operating propeller. The phase difference is included in the iterating scheme, and the computation is robustly convergent. Seol and Moon (2009) derived the governing equation of pressure fluctuation induced by sheet cavitation according to the Ffowcs Williams approach. In the study by van Wijngaarden (2011), a potential flow boundary element method (BEM) with measured hull pressure data as input was applied to solve the hull pressure fluctuations, and the model experiments were also carried out. It was concluded that the computed hull pressure fluctuations due to non-cavitating propellers is reasonably accurate compared with the experimental data. Kehr and Kao (2011) calculated the pressure fluctuations on ship hull due to propeller sheet cavitation by using the method presented in Kao and Kehr (2006). The numerical result is higher than the experimental data provided by the hydrodynamics and cavitation tunnel (HYKAT) of HSVA (Wiemer 1999) by approximately 27%. The pressure fluctuations on ship stern induced by cavitating propellers were solved by Kanemaru and Ando (2011) with a surface panel method. The maximum amplitude appears in the first blade frequency and overestimates the experimental data by about 30%. Kim et al. (2012) predicted the hull pressure fluctuations induced by marine propeller sheet cavitation, and the Doppler effect was considered at the same time. Wei and Wang (2013) employed CFD to simulate the propulsion of a submarine. The finite element method and BEM were then combined to solve the submarine's structure and acoustic responses under the propeller excitations. The matched-field inversion technique applied in Lee et al. (2014) uses the fluctuating hull pressure field measured by receivers and the acoustic field calculated by BEM to define the sheet cavitation noise, source strengths, source positions, and number of sources. The equivalent source model for the propeller can result in more accurately extrapolated hull pressure distribution. In Wei et al. (2016), the unsteady forces of a submarine propeller were predicted by CFD, and the hull pressure fluctuations due to the non-cavitation propeller were calculated by the method proposed in Kao and Kehr (2006).

Evaluation of a photovoltaic water-supply scheme for the surface water system in Xiamen, China

As one of many potential applications for new developments in energy, there is a need to further explore renewable energy in urban ecological construction. In this regard, the construction of urban water systems that utilize renewable energy is important for safeguarding urban ecological environments while improving the aesthetic quality of residential areas. In this study, we examine a photovoltaic water lifting and pumping method to supplement an urban water system in Xiamen, China, with reclaimed water from a nearby sewage plant, which might serve as a water source during the dry season. We analyzed the current conditions for the planned water system in the Xiang’an District, Xiamen, as well as the requirements for maintaining a constant water supply to this system. This analysis illustrated the necessity for a water system that maintains the ecological balance in the area, and the necessary conditions for adopting the photovoltaic water-supply scheme as part of the Xiang’an water system. The sewage treatment plant in the Xiang’an District requires upgrades so that the standard of its reclaimed water complies with the Class IV water quality standard for post-treatment surface water. Furthermore, we analyzed water supply scenarios for the water system in the Xiang’an District based on the conditions in 2011, when the highest number of non-rainy days in the past ten years were recorded. Based on this analysis, we propose a photovoltaic water-supply scheme and describe the structure of a compatible photovoltaic water-pumping system scheme. The pump system includes three photovoltaic pump stations: one is the main pump station that operates throughout the year for water lifting, which utilizes a reclaimed water supply, while the other two are supplementary, and serve to increase the recirculation of water in the river, and operate when necessary during the dry season. The design of the photovoltaic panels in each pump station complies with the relevant water quality standards. This paper further describes the application, ecological effects, and economic feasibility of the proposed photovoltaic water-supply scheme. This study therefore provides a potential reference for future studies related to sustainable urban development and ecological remediation while highlighting a new application of renewable energy.

Experimental study and field application of appropriate selective calculation methods in gas lift design

The most common way to achieve an enormous production rate of a reservoir is to increase drawdown pressure during the production procedure by decreasing the bottom-hole pressure. This process was done by artificial patterns like a gas lift. Nowadays, most of the wells worldwide due to years of production and reducing the amount of energy which was supplied by natural drive mechanisms are being placed on artificial lift methodologies. Hence, the number of wells that used this method will continue to increase. The primary purposes in the gas lift design of a wellbore are to determine the proper depths and the location of valve installation, select appropriate flow regime during the pipeline and calibrate the pressures of the operating and unloading valves. The purpose of this research is to design gas lift system in the oil wells of on the south fields of Iran by considering the maximum production connate water volume of 40 percent and average pressure drop (20–25 psia) throughout the year regarding production continuously or increasing the flow rate of the wells. Therefore, 20 wells that their number starts A to T with this locations L280N, W115S and W002S are the candidates for gas lift procedures. Furthermore, the appropriate flow regimes through the well are being studied, and the most proper method for gas lifting and required surficial equipment will be designed for this field. Consequently, due to increasing the volume of gas and connate water among the production after gas lifting, fundamental changes on the equipment, flow regimes and gas lift system are being proposed that production will be done by proper engineering method. In the well gas lift design, Beggs & Brill Revised method is being selected for hydraulic calculation of pipeline flow due to low errors.

Optimasi Intermittent Gas lift Pada Sumur AB-1 Lapangan Brownfield

Gas lift is one of the artificial lift method that has mechanism to decrease the flowing pressure gradient in the pipe or relieving the fluid column inside the tubing by injecting amount of gas into the annulus between casing and tubing. The volume of injected gas was inversely proportional to decreasing of flowing pressure gradient, the more volume of gas injected the smaller the pressure gradient. Increasing flowrate is expected by decreasing pressure gradient, but it does not always obtained when the well is in optimum condition. The increasing of flow rate will not occured even though the volume of injected gas is abundant. Therefore, the precisely design of gas lift included amount of cycle, gas injection volume and oil recovery estimation is needed. At the begining well AB-1 using artificial lift method that was continuos gas lift with PI value assumption about 0.5 STB/D/psi. Along with decreasing of production flow rate dan availability of the gas injection in brownfield, so this well must be analyze to determined the appropriate production method under current well condition. There are two types of gas lift method, continuous and intermittent gas lift. Each type of gas lift has different optimal condition to increase the production rate. The optimum conditions of continuous gaslift are high productivity 0.5 STB/D/psi and minimum production rate 100 BFPD. Otherwise, the intermittent gas lift has limitations PI and production rate which is lower than continuous gas lift.The results of the analysis are Well AB-1 has production rate gain amount 20.75 BFPD from 23 BFPD became 43.75 BFPD with injected gas volume 200 MSCFPD and total cycle 13 cycle/day. This intermittent gas lift design affected gas injection volume efficiency amount 32%.

On families of Hopf algebras without the dual Chevalley property

Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We construct several families of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras over k without the dual Chevalley property via the generalized lifting method. In particular, we obtain 14 families of new Hopf algebras of dimension 128 with non-pointed duals which cover the eight families obtained in our unpublished version, arXiv:1701.01991 [math.QA].

Development and Application of a Control Strategy for Sucker Rod Pump Artificial Oil Lift System

In the oil industry, one area that has been developed and gained highlight is automation and well control, which has been used in artificial lift methods, especially in Sucker Rod Pump (SRP), considered the most used method at onshore regions and the largest applied in Brazil compared to other artificial methods. One relevant enhancement would be the development and application of new strategies and control techniques to this system. Then, the main focus of this paper was developing a controller applied to sucker rod pump in order to avoid the appearance of undesirable effects during the production process as well as to maximize the operating efficiency. The developed tool controls the partial filling of the downhole pumps through the manipulation of the pumping velocity. Thus, a Proportional Integral Derivative controller was used due to its versatile structure, adapting to requirements and work limitations.

A lifting method for analyzing distributed synchronization on the unit sphere

Abstract This paper introduces a new lifting method for analyzing convergence of continuous-time distributed synchronization/consensus systems on the unit sphere. Points on the d -dimensional unit sphere are lifted to the ( d + 1 ) -dimensional Euclidean space. The consensus protocol on the unit sphere is the classical one, where agents move toward weighted averages of their neighbors in their respective tangent planes. Only local and relative state information is used. The directed interaction graph topologies are allowed to switch as a function of time. The dynamics of the lifted variables are governed by a nonlinear consensus protocol for which the weights contain ratios of the norms of state variables. We generalize previous convergence results for hemispheres. For a large class of consensus protocols defined for switching uniformly quasi-strongly connected time-varying graphs, we show that the consensus manifold is uniformly asymptotically stable relative to closed balls contained in a hemisphere. Compared to earlier projection based approaches used in this context such as the gnomonic projection, which is defined for hemispheres only, the lifting method applies globally. With that, the hope is that this method can be useful for future investigations on global convergence.

Technology Focus: Artificial Lift (July 2018)

Technology Focus One of the more exciting aspects of artificial lift is the constant influx of new technologies and new ideas that the discipline invites. Inventors appear to be regularly developing “the next new thing” in artificial lift. Some ideas are so brilliant and so obvious, you ask yourself, “Why didn’t I think of that?” Other ideas seem so zany and so ill-conceived, you ask yourself, “What were they thinking?” In every case, these new technologies have the same goal: To produce more oil and gas more reliably and more cost-effectively. One of my artificial-lift mentors has such a long history of developing and championing new downhole pumping technologies that he once described his career as the “relentless pursuit of the everlasting pump.” Even in retirement, he continues this lifelong passion. Yet, it occurs to me that the everlasting pump may actually exist today—through the correct application of field-proven technology. Although we seem to have a never-ending supply of new artificial-lift technologies, the technologies that consistently allow us to achieve our technical and business goals are usually the old ones. There is a catch, however: You need to apply those technologies correctly. Applying artificial-lift technology correctly means selecting the right lift method in the first place, selecting the right system components, installing the equipment correctly, performing effective surveillance, and performing root-cause failure analysis so that we can learn from our mistakes and enable continuous improvement. All of this requires a coordinated effort, not just between vendors and operators but also between the various groups within the operating companies themselves. Each of these groups has a stake in the success of the well and should be aligned around a common set of goals to ensure that the artificial-lift system performs reliably and delivers optimal production and does so in a cost-effective manner. All of the papers selected for this section concern the correct application of field-proven artificial-lift technology. Paper SPE 181216 describes the surveillance methods used by one operator to improve the reliability and performance of their beam pumping systems. Paper SPE 186254 describes a method to deploy electrical submersible pumps in gassy horizontal wells to improve gas handling and mitigate slugging. Paper SPE 186110, written by one of our recent Legends of Artificial Lift inductees, provides new insights into the application of injection-pressure-operated gas-lift valves, to allow operators to improve the design and overall reliability of gas-lift installations. To see more great artificial-lift papers like these and to welcome our latest class of Legends, I invite you to join us for the 2018 SPE Artificial Lift Conference and Exhibition—Americas on 28–30 August 2018 in The Woodlands, Texas, USA. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. OTC 28123 A Step Change in Safety and Quality for ESP Deployment in the North Sea by L. Pastre, Schlumberger, et al. SPE 190090 Detecting Failures and Optimizing Performance in Artificial Lift Using Machine Learning Models by Mike Pennel, OspreyData, et al. SPE 187490 A Novel Approach to Distributed Field-Based Gas-Lift Facilities by Siddharth Mullick, Anadarko Petroleum, et al.

Efektivitas Penggunaan Thread Lift Dengan Metode Jin’s 3 Needle Pada Overweight

Abstract: Thread Lift Method, 3 Jinn Needles, Obesity. Excess body weight, normal weight, with waist circumference of 80-87 cm and BMI ≥ 23.0. Jin's 3-Needle is a method of acupuncture therapy using three dots. Thread Lifts on acupuncture points can increase the body's metabolism. The purpose of this study to determine the effectiveness of Thread Therapy Using Methods Jin's 3 Needle in patients Overweight. Pretest Experimental Design Postest Control Group. The research location is at SMP N 2 Colomadu in March-June 2017. The population is teachers and employees in SMPN 2 Colomadu which is 60 people. Dependent variable decreased waist circumference and BMI, variable. Thread with Jin's 3 Needle method. Samples of 33 people with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis in this study using unpaired T Test. The result showed that the average BMI before therapy was 27,15 kg/ m² and after therapy 26,71 kg/ m² (CI: 0,29 -0,60), with standard deviation 0,434. Average waist circumference results before therapy was 96.79 cm and after therapy 93.62 cm (CI: 2.40-3.93), with a standard deviation of 2.160. After the test, p value 0.001 <0.05 where Ho is rejected and Ha accepted. How to lift it with Jin's 3 Needle is effectively used on overweight.

On Hopf algebras over quantum subgroups

Using the standard filtration associated with a generalized lifting method, we determine all finite-dimensional Hopf algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero whose coradical generates a Hopf subalgebra isomorphic to the smallest non-pointed non-cosemisimple Hopf algebra K and the corresponding infinitesimal module is an indecomposable object in YDKK (we assume that the diagrams are Nichols algebras). As a byproduct, we obtain new Nichols algebras of dimension 8 and new Hopf algebras of dimension 64.

Modified abdominal wall suspension system in gasless laparoscopy: a clinical application

Introduction: The gasless laparoscopic technique is easily operable, safe. and avoids complications of pneumoperitoneum. The suspension method from two celiac wall rods evolved to a single wall rod method, reducing one hanging rod on one side of the abdominal wall. This benefited the surgeon which reduced the inhibition of one less visible, space-consuming suspension rod, however remains a hindrance to the assistant’s optimal movement and visual field. Objective: To explore the feasibility and application value of a modified abdominal wall suspension system in standard gasless laparoscopic myomectomy. Materials and Methods: Women agreeing to participate were randomised into two arms. The standard conventional gasless method versus the modified abdominal wall lifting method. Results: A total of 100 women were randomised into two groups; the improvised technique (group 1) and the conventional technique (group 2). Surgical operating time (72.3 ± 35.6 minutes [improved] and 82.7 ± 31.9 minutes [conventional]) p p vs. conventional) were significantly reduced in the improvised technique group, as opposed to the conventional technique group. No significant difference was found between the two groups with regards to postoperative intestinal function recovery period or the postoperative hospital stay duration. Conclusion: The modified abdominal wall suspension method increases the surgeon’s operating space, making it more convenient and practical with significant rewarding postoperative surgical outcomes.