Strategies For Lifestyle Changes Research Articles

MOBILE HEALTH DAN EFEKTIVITASNYA TERHADAP AKTIVITAS FISIK REMAJA: LITERATUR REVIEW

Regular physical activity has many benefits for adolescents in the immediate and long-term. The high rate of obesity and low participation from adolescents in regular physical activity require strategies for lifestyle changes. The development of technology and innovation in health technology provides a strategy for increasing behavior change with smartphone applications (mHealth). This review aimed to identify the effectiveness of mHealth intervention strategies for facilitating physical activity among adolescents. The method used is the systematic search for literature review in electronic databases such as ProQuest, PubMed, Google Scholar, ClinicalKey Nursing, Scopus, SpringerLink and ScienceDirect with keywords mHealth and physical activities and adolescent” “smartphone apps and physical activities and adolescent” and “mobile applications and exercise and adolescent” on the years range 2018 to 2022. Only nine articles were kept for analysis from 1.861 articles found. This study states that mHealth has a positive effect on adolescent physical activity. The significant level of positive effect depends on the type of application used. Health workers can recommend mHealth as an intervention to increase adolescents’ physical activity.

Chinese women\u2019s attitudes towards postpartum interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: a semi-structured qualitative study

BackgroundGestational diabetes (GDM) is a global problem affecting millions of pregnant women, including in mainland China. These women are at high risk of Type II diabetes (T2DM). Cost-effective and clinically effective interventions are needed. We aimed to explore Chinese women’s perspectives, concerns and motivations towards participation in early postpartum interventions and/or research to prevent the development of T2DM after a GDM-affected pregnancy.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study in two hospitals in Chengdu, Southwest China. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women with recent experience of GDM: 16 postpartum women and 4 pregnant women. Women were asked about their attitudes towards postpartum screening for type 2 diabetes, lifestyle interventions, mHealth delivered interventions and pharmacologic interventions (specifically metformin). An inductive approach to analysis was used. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded using NVivo 12 Pro.ResultsMost women held positive attitudes towards participating in T2DM screening, and were willing to participate in postpartum interventions to prevent T2DM through lifestyle change or mHealth interventions. Women were less likely to agree to pharmacological intervention, unless they had family members with diabetes or needed medication themselves during pregnancy. We identified seven domains influencing women’s attitudes towards future interventions: (1) experiences with the health system during pregnancy; (2) living in an enabling environment; (3) the experience of T2DM in family members; (4) knowledge of diabetes and perception of risk; (5) concerns about personal and baby health; (6) feelings and emotions, and (7) lifestyle constraints. Those with more severe GDM, an enabling environment and health knowledge, and with experience of T2DM in family members expressed more favourable views of postpartum interventions and research participation to prevent T2DM after GDM. Those who perceived themselves as having mild GDM and those with time/lifestyle constraints were less likely to participate.ConclusionsWomen with experiences of GDM in Chengdu are generally willing to participate in early postpartum interventions and/or research to reduce their risk of T2DM, with a preference for non-drug, mHealth based interventions, integrating lifestyle change strategies, blood glucose monitoring, postpartum recovery and mental health.

Psychosocial, Eating Behavior, and Lifestyle Factors Influencing Overweight and Obesity in Adolescents.

Adolescent overweight and obesity (AOO) is a global public health problem and risk for noncommunicable diseases. Understanding context-specific risks is crucial for interventions. Determine the prevalence of AOO in the Indonesian National Health Survey (INHS) 2013, assess the 5-year trend from 2013 to 2018, and identify risks. We selected adolescents aged 10 to 19 years (n = 174 290) from the INHS 2013 and used hierarchical logistic regression to identify gender-specific risks for those aged 15 to 19 years (n = 77 534). Change in AOO was assessed by comparison to INHS 2018 reports. The national AOO prevalence increased over 5 years by 48% in young adolescents (13-15 years) and 85% in older ones (16-18 years). High prevalence areas included the urban location of Jakarta (20.9%) and the remote rural region of Papua (19.4%). Overall, AOO risks were being sedentary, male, lower education, married, younger adolescent, and school enrollment, with urban residence and higher wealth being persistent risks for all analyses. Data for depressive symptoms were available for older adolescents whose additional risks were being sedentary, depressive symptoms, and high-fat diet. Male risks were being sedentary and lower education, and female risks were being married, depressive symptoms, high-fat intake, and lower education. Higher intake of fruits and vegetables and fewer sweets did not protect against AOO if a high-fat diet was consumed. Adolescent overweight and obesity in Indonesia is rapidly increasing, especially in older adolescents and males, and with gender-specific risks. Customized multisectoral interventions to identify strategies for lifestyle change are urgently needed.

CT-Derived Body Fat Distribution and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Visceral fat has been shown to be associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, but the role of subcutaneous fat remains unclear, and evidence from diverse populations is lacking. We hypothesized that visceral fat, but not subcutaneous fat, would be independently associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. Among 1910 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with abdominal fat measurements from computed tomography scans and followed for an average of 9.3 years, we used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the relationship of both visceral and subcutaneous fat tertiles with CVD and all-cause mortality. We tested for interaction and performed sensitivity analysis for subgroups and missing values of visceral fat. Participants had mean age of 65 years, visceral fat 150 cm2, subcutaneous fat 263 cm2, and 50% were female, 21% African American, 13% Asian, and 26% Hispanic. In models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, smoking, and subcutaneous fat, there was a statistically significant positive association between visceral fat and CVD, but not mortality. The association for combined CVD may be driven by incident coronary heart disease [tertile 2: hazard ratio, 2.43 (1.38 to 4.28); tertile 3: hazard ratio, 3.00 (1.66 to 5.43)]. Additionally, we found no substantial associations between subcutaneous fat and CVD or mortality. There were no statistically significant interactions by age, sex, or race/ethnicity. Visceral fat, but not subcutaneous fat, is significantly associated with increased risk for CVD in a multiethnic cohort. These data support the need for effective strategies for lifestyle changes that prevent and reduce visceral fat.

Abstract C56: Formative research to develop a lifestyle application (app) for African American breast cancer survivors

Abstract Background: There is a proliferation of lifestyle-oriented mobile technologies; however, few have targeted users. Through intervention mapping, investigators and community partners completed Steps 1-3 (needs assessment, formulation of change objectives, and selection of theory-based methods) of a process to develop a mobile cancer prevention application (app) for cancer prevention. The aim of this qualitative study was to complete Step 4 (intervention development) by eliciting input from African American (AA) breast cancer survivors (BCSs) to guide app development. Methods: Six focus group discussions (n=60) and three individual semi-structured interviews (n=36) were conducted with AA BCSs (40-72 years of age) to assess barriers and strategies for lifestyle change. All focus groups and interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed with NVivo qualitative data analysis software version 10, allowing categories, themes and patterns to emerge. Results: Three categories and related themes emerged from the analysis: 1) perceptions about modifiable risk factors; 2) strategies related to adherence to cancer prevention guidelines; and 3) app components to address barriers to adherence. Participant perceptions, strategies, and recommended components guided development of the app. Conclusions: For development of a mobile cancer prevention app, these findings will assist investigators in targeting features that are usable, acceptable, and accessible for AA BCSs. Citation Format: Selina A. Smith, Mary Whitehead, Joyce S. Sheats, Brittney Fontenot, Ernest Alema Mensah, Benjamin E. Ansa. Formative research to develop a lifestyle application (app) for African American breast cancer survivors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr C56.

The effect of a soy-yoghurt-honey product on overweight, obesity and related health risk factors. A review

<p>The prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising worldwide despite increased spending on weight loss programs. People living with obesity have heard the messages but find it difficult to act upon them (Thomas et al., 2008). In fact, there is an agreement in therapeutic recommendations that people who are overweight and obese need to be counselled and given perspective and practical strategies for lifestyle changes (Saris, 2001)</p><p>The soy-yoghurt-honey formula (SYHF) which is described in this review with special focus to its effectiveness on weight control and metabolic regulation was established more than thirty years ago as a health product in Bienenbüttel, Germany.<br />Meanwhile this product is approved as a food supplement (50 g portion solved in 200ml water) as well as a suitable meal replacement product (1g per kg normal body weight referred to Broca Index) which can support the prevention and therapy of overweight and obesity in adults. Furthermore, this formula is an important part of “The Almased Concept against Overweight and Obesity and Related Health Risk (ACOORH)” and the basis of a recently started multicenter randomized clinical trial to confirm the effects of Almased® on body composition and comorbidities in non-diabetic, viscerally fat-distributed overweight or obese patients with at least one additional comorbidity of the metabolic syndrome and with a special focus on the pre-diabetic state (Berg et al., 2015; Berg et al., 2016).<br /> </p>

Formative research to develop a lifestyle application (app) for African American breast cancer survivors.

BackgroundThere is a proliferation of lifestyle-oriented mobile technologies; however, few have targeted users. Through intervention mapping, investigators and community partners completed Steps 1–3 (needs assessment, formulation of change objectives, and selection of theory-based methods) of a process to develop a mobile cancer prevention application (app) for cancer prevention. The aim of this qualitative study was to complete Step 4 (intervention development) by eliciting input from African American (AA) breast cancer survivors (BCSs) to guide app development.MethodsFour focus group discussions (n=60) and three individual semi-structured interviews (n=36) were conducted with AA BCSs (40–72 years of age) to assess barriers and strategies for lifestyle change. All focus groups and interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed with NVivo qualitative data analysis software version 10, allowing categories, themes, and patterns to emerge.ResultsThree categories and related themes emerged from the analysis: 1) perceptions about modifiable risk factors; 2) strategies related to adherence to cancer prevention guidelines; and 3) app components to address barriers to adherence. Participant perceptions, strategies, and recommended components guided development of the app.ConclusionsFor development of a mobile cancer prevention app, these findings will assist investigators in targeting features that are usable, acceptable, and accessible for AA BCSs.

Implementation of physiotherapeutic shares in the prevention of diabetes complications in a Family Health Strategy

Introduction In the Family Health Strategy (FHS), the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) includes education and lifestyle change strategies. Physiotherapists have a key role in this health setting. Objectives To implement actions of evaluation and guidelines for patients with type 2 DM who attend a Family Health Strategy (FHS), regarding diabetic foot and the practice of regular physical exercise in the control and prevention of the complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Methods 17 individuals from an FHS were evaluated, with the following procedures: clinical and anthropometric parameters, inspection, a questionnaire on diabetic neuropathy, tests of vibratory and tactile sensitivity, muscle function, range of motion, functional analysis, questions about exercise practice and guidance regarding controlling blood glucose and foot care. Results Deformities, dry skin, calluses, dehydration, ulceration, cracking and brittle nails were found. Peripheral neuropathy was not observed; tactile sensitivity was altered in the heel region and the vibratory sense was absent in 5% of individuals. A decrease in functionality of ankle movements was verified. Of the participants, 76% were sedentary, 24% knew about the benefits of practicing regular exercise, 25% had undergone a medical evaluation prior to performing physical exercise and, of these, 25% were supervised by a qualified professional. Discussion The implementation of physiotherapy actions in diabetics from an FHS was important for highlighting the presence of risk factors for diabetic complications. Conclusions Individuals attending the FHS need more information and programs for the prevention of diabetic complications.

Urge-specific and lifestyle coping strategies of alcoholics: Relationships of specific strategies to treatment outcome

BackgroundThe present study examined the efficacy of various specific lifestyle and situation-specific coping skills by determining the relationship of each of these strategies to drinking outcomes. MethodsPatients with alcohol dependence in intensive day treatment (n=165) were participating in a randomized trial of naltrexone versus placebo and adjunctive communication and coping skills training or a control treatment. The alcohol version of the Urge-Specific Strategies (USS) questionnaire and the General Strategies for Alcoholics (GSA) were administered early in treatment. The USS assesses 16 situation-specific strategies taught in cue exposure treatment, communication skills training, or relaxation/meditation training to cope with experiencing an urge to drink (e.g., think of positive and negative consequences of drinking, use mastery messages, engage in an alternative behavior); the 21-item GSA assesses lifestyle change strategies taught in communication skills training and in the general treatment program (e.g., keep busy, exercise regularly, attend 12-Step meetings, avoid high-risk situations). Alcohol use and frequency of use of the skills were assessed 6 and 12 months following treatment. ResultsMany specific behavioral and cognitive coping strategies were significantly related to drinking outcomes, including 13 urge-specific and 18 general lifestyle strategies, while other strategies were unrelated. ConclusionsSince some strategies taught in treatment are more effective in preventing relapse than others; treatment may be improved by focusing on these specific strategies. Since results may be limited to this population, replication is needed in more diverse settings and without medication.

Promoting Healthy Eating and Exercise through Online Messages

The participants will learn strategies for lifestyle changes at the end of the presentation.

A randomised trial of three counselling strategies for lifestyle changes in patients with hypercholesterolemia treated with ezetimibe on top of statin therapy (TWICE)

To compare the impact of three patient counselling strategies for lifestyle changes and to assess the safety and efficacy of ezetimibe on top of statin therapy in hypercholesterolemic high risk patients. Open, cluster randomized 3-parallel group trial. Physicians were randomized between patient motivation on: diet or physical exercise or both. Counselling was adapted to the patient's baseline Prochaska stage of change. High cardiovascular risk patients, with LDL-C above or equal to 3 mmol/L despite statin therapy for at least 3 months, were enrolled. Ezetimibe (10mg/day) and patient counselling were started at the same time. Target goal was defined as total cholesterol less than 5 mmol/L and LDL-C above 3 mmol/L. Overall 428 physicians enrolled 1,496 patients. At baseline, LDL-C was 3.9+/-0.9 mmol/L and total cholesterol was 6.1+/-1.1 mmol/L. LDL-C decreased by -30.4+/-19.3% and 869 (62%) patients achieved target goal. No difference was shown between randomisation groups. However, improvements in diet consumption patterns were more easily obtained than improvement in physical activity stage of change in non-active patient at baseline. The marked short-term impact (-30%) on LDL-C, although similar between the three groups, slightly exceeds usual LDL-C reductions achieved by this dose of ezetimibe. Decreasing fat consumption seems easier than increasing physical activity. This study confirms the good efficacy, short-term tolerability and safety of ezetimibe on top of statins.

Metabolic syndrome: An emerging public health problem in Iranian Women: Isfahan Healthy Heart Program

ObjectivesTo determine the gender-specific prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (Met S) in a representative sample of Iranian adults, and to identify some possible related lifestyle factors. MethodsAs the baseline survey of a community-based interventional program entitled Isfahan Healthy Heart Program, we performed this cross-sectional study on 12,514 adults (≥19 years) living in urban and rural areas of 3 cities in Iran. We assessed the prevalence of the Met S (according to the ATP III criteria) as well as dietary intake (based on food frequency questionnaire) and physical activity habits of all of the participants. We also evaluated dietary intake at the micronutrient level by using a one-day food record in a sub-sample of 2000 participants. ResultsThe age-adjusted prevalence of Met S was 23.3%, with a higher prevalence in women compared to men (35.1% vs. 10.7%, P<0.05) and in urban residents compared to rural residents (24.2% vs. 19.5%, P<0.05). In all age groups and in both urban and rural areas, the Met S affected a significantly larger number of women than men. Among women, abdominal obesity (71.7%) was more prevalent followed by low HDL-C (60.9%) and hypertriglyceridemia (56.6%), whereas among men, the most frequent components were hypertriglyceridemia (49.1%) and low HDL-C (35.1%), respectively. Abdominal obesity was nearly six times as prevalent in women as in men (71.7% vs. 12%, P<0.05) and had a significant association with metabolic disorders even after adjustment for age, sex and the living area. In general, dietary intake had no effect on the prevalence of Met S. The prevalence of Met S in subjects with a sedentary lifestyle was significantly higher than in active subjects of both genders (25.6% vs. 14.4%, respectively, P<0.05). ConclusionThe Met S is highly prevalent in the Iranian population, notably in women living in urban areas. Abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia characterize this syndrome. Implementing community-based strategies for lifestyle change is of great significance.

Improved Participant Outcomes with Paraprofessional Training in a Community Nutrition Program

Participants will accurately describe the impact of training staff to use group facilitation skills based on adult learning theory and a dialogue approach to more effectively communicate strategies for lifestyle change and improve program outcomes.

2006 Call for Abstracts

2006 Call for Abstracts

Need for Lifestyle Intervention: How to Begin

The metabolic syndrome is the fastest growing disease entity in the world. Prevention and effective treatment emphasize lifestyle intervention, including healthful diet, physical activity, and pharmacologic agents to target specific risk factors. Weight loss improves all aspects of the metabolic syndrome and is a primary intervention target. Effective weight management also helps prevent the development of the metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle change strategies--including setting reasonable goals, raising awareness, confronting barriers to change, managing stress, cognitive restructuring, preventing relapse, and providing support--are the keys to long-term success.

Urge-specific and lifestyle coping strategies of cocaine abusers: Relationships to treatment outcomes

This study investigated specific coping techniques for effectiveness in reducing cocaine use after treatment. The urge-specific strategies questionnaire-cocaine (USS-C) assessed frequency of use of 21 strategies for coping with urges. The general change strategies questionnaire-cocaine (GCS-C) assessed frequency of use of 21 lifestyle change strategies designed to maintain abstinence. Cocaine-dependent patients were assessed at follow-up after residential treatment for USS-C ( n = 59 at 3 months, 84 at 6 months), GCS-C ( n = 89 at 3 months, 120 at 6 months) and substance use. Less cocaine use was associated with urge coping by thinking about negative or positive consequences, alternative behaviors, distraction, relaxation/meditation, escape, offer refusal, spiritual methods, behavior chains, mastery messages, problem-solving, meeting or sponsor, or seeking social support. The lifestyle change strategies of thinking about consequences, working toward goals, thinking of oneself as sober, clean recreation, regular relaxation, avoiding temptations, not carrying much money, living with clean people, seeking social support, spiritual involvement, keeping busy, and health activities were also associated with less cocaine use. Results suggest focusing coping skills training on these potentially effective strategies.

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizoaffective disorder – bipolar subtype

To evaluate the point prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizoaffective disorder--bipolar type. Consenting patients who were participants in an ongoing clinical trial of adjunctive topiramate treatment for schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type were evaluated at baseline for the point prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. The criteria for the metabolic syndrome included: (a) waist circumference > 102 cm (40 inches) in males, or > 88 cm (35 inches) in females; (b) fasting serum triglyceride levels > or = 150 mg/dL; (c) fasting high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol <40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women; (d) blood pressure > or = 130/85 mmHg; and (e) fasting glucose > or = 110 mg/dL. Subjects who had at least three of these five criteria were defined as meeting criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Thirty-six subjects (males = 15, females = 21) were evaluated, and three were excluded for missing data. Among those 33 subjects with complete data, 14 subjects (42.4%, males = 7, females = 7, African Americans = 6, Caucasians = 8) met criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Not unexpectedly, those with the metabolic syndrome were significantly more likely to be obese, and have significantly higher mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean fasting triglyceride levels and larger mean waist circumferences, and significantly lower HDL cholesterol levels; and a trend toward higher fasting blood glucose levels. Furthermore, the fasting mean total cholesterol in those with the metabolic syndrome was 217 mg/dL (+/-46). This preliminary report suggests that the point prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizoaffective disorder appears to be higher than that reported in the general population of the USA. Targeted weight reduction and life style change strategies (increased exercise, smoking cessation, stress reduction) may provide useful interventions to decrease the morbidity and mortality that accompanies the presence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with psychiatric illnesses.

A Critique of the Life Style Concept in Public Health Education

A review and critique of the "life style" concept in health education is presented. The conceptual origins, evolution, and current operational definitions of the term are examined in light of its implications for health education practice oriented toward behavioral intervention at the level of the individual. Antecedents to the rise of life style change strategies are traced to concurrent developments in popular culture, health policy, and social science theory. The authors take the position that, in many respects, life style intervention departs significantly from the public health ethic, and call for a critical reappraisal of the concept by health educators.