Lifelong Service Research Articles

„jutalmát adom fáradtságuknak”

Th e focus of this study is on the retirement of officers of large estates and pension regulations. The pensions have increasingly become part of the career path and employer commitment. At the same time, pensions provided an economic incentive for officers to stay in offi ce, on the other hand, ensured their loyalty to the landlords and their lifelong service. The social side of these measures is also evident, as they imply the provision of care for officers in case of illness or old age. In fact, the insurance also extended to the families of officers, as financial support was available to their surviving widows and orphans, even as the provisions became tighter and more restrictive. I based my analysis on the pension regulations issued by the Károlyi family at different times, and then analysed the evolution of pension payments on the basis of the family’s joint treasury statements. It is clear that the maintenance and payment of pensions was, if not the largest, then a signifi cant investment for the estate government. In later years, the landlords tightened the scope of eligibility precisely on the basis of the size of this expense, until by the second half of the 19th century the landlord had created a pension fund, obliging officers to contribute. Further afield, the employment relationship between large landowners and officers was now a regulated model between worker and employer, established and maintained by the estate government under private law.

Corrosion effect on bond behavior between rebar and concrete using Bayesian regularized feed-forward neural network

Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures is essentially detrimental to the lifelong service of the reinforced concrete structures. The diminishing of the bond strength is the most influential factor. This study gains insight into the mechanisms of bond strength reduction due to corrosion by adopting an advanced machine-learning model. At first, the tension pull-out tests are conducted to reveal the mechanism and create the dataset. Based on the experimental results, the dataset is further enriched by collecting more samples in the literature, thus an effective soft computing approach i.e., Bayesian Regularized Feed-Forward Neural Network (BR-FFNN), is proposed to evaluate the bond behavior of corroded reinforcement. The newly developed BR-FFNN model demonstrates its robustness and efficacy by providing the highest performance indicators hitherto. Furthermore, the importance-based sensitivity analysis is also carried out to capture the effect of each input on the ultimate bond strength. To facilitate the engineering practice, mathematical modeling is put in place to formulate an explicit function that the ultimate bond strength could directly estimate thereof.

Professor George K. Koukoulis: the 2022 recipient of HES Medal "Eleni Thomopoulou"for his lifelong service to endocrinology.

Professor George K. Koukoulis: the 2022 recipient of HES Medal "Eleni Thomopoulou"for his lifelong service to endocrinology.

Peter the Great and the “modernisation” of serfdom in Russia

The article examines the transformations of Peter the Great in the context of the evolution of serfdom in Russia. The author substantiates the thesis that during the Peter’s transformations, the so-called “second edition of serfdom” took place, replacing its original, forced by objective conditions of survival and development of the country, estate-legal grounds. The substitution of the serfdom’s grounds is seen primarily in the rejection by the state of the conditionality principle of noble rights to the estate by compulsory lifelong service in the army, namely, this followed from the extension to estates of the patrimony’s possessory format. The analysis of the decree on single inheritance and its interpretations in historiography allowed us to conclude that the liberation of noble land ownership from the encumbrance of compulsory service created a legal basis for the subsequent “freedom of the nobility”, the rapid expansion of the privileges of the “noble estate” and, mainly, the ownership rights to land and peasants. The tax reform of Peter led to the fact that landlords began to assimilate the view of peasants as serfs, completely dependent on them, especially in the conditions of the responsibility imposed by the state on the owner of the estate for the payment of poll taxes and the supply of recruits.

PEASANTS AND LANDLORDS IN THE SYSTEM OF SERFDOM RELATIONS IN PRE-PETRINE RUSSIA

The evolution of landowners ‘ ownership rights to land and peasants in Russia of the XVII century has been considered. Throughout the century, there has been a tendency to strengthen local land ownership in Russia, which was expressed in the legal and actual merger of the patrimony and the estate, in the attachment of peasants to the owner and the introduction of an indefinite search and return of fugitive peasants. At the same time, the mandatory life-long service of the nobility remained an unshakeable condition for strengthening local land ownership. The rights of landlords in relation to the peasants were strengthened, but their relatively legitimate basis remained service in the army. Meanwhile, in the second half of the century, the modernization of the armed forces gradually unfolded, pushing the noble cavalry and transferring the service to a monetary salary.

Experience Oneness with Creation: The Pathway to Universal Consciousness

Experience Oneness with Creation: The Pathway to Universal Consciousness

Cost of Illness Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dan Komplikasinya pada Peserta Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) di Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Condong Catur Yogyakarta

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires lifelong therapy and high service costs so that the use of antidiabetic drugs affects the patient's therapeutic costs. The purpose of this study was to determine the cost of outpatient type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy for National Health Insurance (JKN) participants in Condong Catur Hospital Yogyakarta. The research method used is observational. The parameters measured are calculating the average direct medical costs (drug costs, doctor's examination and consultation fees, laboratory costs, medical treatment costs), and comparison between the costs of oral drugs, insulin, oral and insulin. The results of normality tests with Shapiro-Wilk (microvascular, microvascular and macrovascular), Kolmogorrov-Smirnov (macrovascular) p0.05 indicate that data are not normally distributed, the results of the Kruskal Wallis test of the three groups (microvascular, macrovascular, microvascular and microvascular) show that differences are not normally distributed significant (p = 0.001).The results showed that the microvascular group therapy costs Rp 3,164,733.58 per month, the macrovascular group Rp 9,984,566.85 per month, the microvascular and macrovascular groups Rp 11,260,372.39 per month. The cost of therapy is based on the microvascular group drug Rp. 408,567.78 per month, the macrovascular group Rp. 1,245,987.48 per month, the microvascular and macrovascular groups Rp. 1,786,270.68 per month so that statistically from the three complications groups show significant differences p = 0,001 (p 0,005). The difference in the difference between the total real costs and the total INA-CBG's rates, the microvascular group Rp -38,741.14 per patient, the macrovascular group Rp -10,914.03 per patient, while in the microvascular and macrovascular group Rp 3,272.90 per patient shows that from to three groups of complications were not significantly different p = 0.207 (p 0.005). Statistically it can be concluded that the cost of therapy based on antidiabetic drugs in the three groups of complications shows a significant difference. There is no significant difference in the difference between the real costs in the three groups of complications

Through service design to improve the HRQOL (Health- Related Quality of Life) in the treatment and rehabilitation of elderly women with breast cancer in Shanghai

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the world. As China enters the aging society, elderly breast cancer presents the characteristics of high incidence, late detection and long treatment time. This is related to the imperfect services that elderly women receive in the treatment and rehabilitation. Eventually, the HRQOL (health-related quality of life) in their later years has declined. By using service design tools, the authors conducted field research and in-depth interviews in Shanghai hospitals and developed service strategy to improve the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in the treatment and rehabilitation of elderly women with breast cancer. The paper presents three design contents: (1) smart healthcare service system; (2) improvement of service scenarios in the hospital; (3) a life-long service that links communities, families, and individuals to transform breast cancer into "chronic disease". In this paper, the authors also discuss the next step and prospects.

Recycling waste packaging tape into bituminous mixtures towards enhanced mechanical properties and environmental benefits

The rapid development of online shopping and express delivery brings vast amount of waste packing tape (WPT). Recycling WPT as an asphalt performance-enhanced modifier may bring benefits in both environmental and engineering aspects. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using WPT to improve the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. To this end, the hot and warm WPT mixtures were prepared and tested. The engineering performance including mixture workability, stiffness modulus, fatigue resistance, rutting resistance, moisture susceptibility, tensile strength and tensile failure strain were characterized. Moreover, the long-term service performance of the mixture was predicted using AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design software. Based upon the results of laboratory experiments and simulation, it was found that the mechanical performance of WPT asphalt mixture including moisture sensitivity, rutting and fatigue resistance of WPT modified asphalt mixture was comparable to that of SBS asphalt mixture. The life-long service performance of WPT mixture was much superior to that of raw asphalt mixture. The warm mix asphalt additive, FT-wax, allowed the WPT asphalt mixture to be produced at same temperature to mixture with raw asphalt. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties of warm WPT were slightly better than those of hot WPT. Finally, this study proves that recycling waste packing tapes as asphalt modifier is a promising solution with both environmental and engineering merits.

Challenges in measuring wisdom-relevant constructs in young adult undergraduate students

ABSTRACTUniversity settings present a unique opportunity for young adults to develop characteristics constitutive of wisdom. One challenge for educators working to support this development involves effectively measuring these characteristics. In this article, we present results from a secondary analysis of cognitive interviews to examine challenges that may arise when young adult undergraduate students respond to self-report measures of Meaning, Identification with all Humanity and Dedication to Lifelong Service—three characteristics of personality-focused accounts of wisdom. Although the items had well-fitting exploratory and confirmatory latent variable models, between 12.5% and 87.5% of students (n = 8 for each item) provided unintended interpretations for each item. This mismatch between students’ interpretations and the intended interpretations can threaten item validity and obfuscate findings from applications such as pre-post assessments. Further research is needed to better understand the factors affecting young adults’ responses to measures of wisdom-relevant characteristics.

Relational Leadership: Promoting Lifelong Service and Meaningful Learning

Relational Leadership: Promoting Lifelong Service and Meaningful Learning

Working towards a master patient index and unique identifiers to improve health systems: the example of Myanmar.

In the health systems of many countries, there is neither a requirement to collect a minimum set of demographic information during patient registration nor a standard way of identifying patients. This impedes the provision of integrated, good-quality care for individual patients and, at the system level, prevents generation of the high-quality data necessary for effective management and continuous improvement. Assigning each patient a unique identifier (UID) to create a master patient index (MPI) is therefore essential to ensure data interoperability across all the points of patient care within a health system. Although advances in technology are shifting the boundary between civil registration and personal identification, the additional value of an MPI/UID system lies in the technical and operational capacity to ensure that clinical data are safely and securely managed. Moreover, operationalization of MPI/UID data enables the establishment of an evidence-based, constantly improving “learning health system” with feedback loops that allow measurement, evaluation and visualization of performance over time. The Ministry of Health and Sports of Myanmar is actively engaged in a multistakeholder collaborative process working towards a nationwide MPI/UID system. Demonstration pilots are planned for both online and offline modes of operation for HIV/AIDS, mother and child health (including eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis) and hospital settings, which are expected to open up the potential for expansion to all health interventions and facilities. With the implementation of the MPI/UID system under way in Myanmar, the Ministry of Health and Sports is laying the foundation to put individuals at the centre of care and deliver a lifelong service for all.

Forbidden Love in the Andes: Murúa and Guaman Poma Retell the Myth of Chuquillanto and Acoytapra

Forbidden Love in the Andes: Murúa and Guaman Poma Retell the Myth of Chuquillanto and Acoytapra

Servants in Rural Europe: 1400-1900 ed. by Jane Whittle

Reviewed by: Servants in Rural Europe: 1400-1900 ed. by Jane Whittle Jeanne Clegg Whittle, Jane, ed. – Servants in Rural Europe: 1400-1900. Woodbridge, UK: The Boydell Press, 2017. Pp. 284. After years of neglect in favour of "productive" labour, scholars have, over the past few decades, come to recognize the importance of service labour for understanding the economic, social, and cultural history of Europe and beyond. As the work of the Cambridge Group for the Study of Population and Social Structure showed in the 1960s, in preindustrial England servants made up a significant proportion of the population, and perhaps 60% of its youth. In the late 1970s, the group's founder, Peter Laslett, identified live-in service as one of the three key characteristics of the Western family, and E. A. Wrigley described it as both an essential form of de facto family planning and a mechanism for redeploying surplus labour. Since then, scholars from Ilana Krausman Ben-Amos (Adolescence and Youth in Early Modern England, 1994) to Sheila McIsaac Cooper and other contributors to the [End Page 450] Servant Project (Proceedings of the Servant Project = Actes du Servant Project, 2001-2005) have examined the roles played by life-cycle service in the maturing of young men and women from a wide variety of backgrounds, offering opportunities to acquire practical and social skills, contacts, and the economic resources needed to become independent and marry. And since all but the poorest of early modern households included at least one servant, we can—as Tim Meldrum (Domestic Service and Gender, 1660-1750, 2000), Laura Gowing (Common Bodies, 2003), and Paula Humfrey (The Experience of Domestic Service for Women in Early Modern London, 2011) have shown—also learn about employers' lives through the experience of those who served them, while Douglas Hay and Paul Craven's work on master and servant legislation (Masters, Servants, and Magistrates in Britain and the Empire, 1562-1955, 2004) illuminates the ways in which states attempted to regulate the development of wage labour. Running through Servants in Rural Europe is a productive dialogue/debate with the core concepts discussed in these and a myriad of other studies. Christine Fertig confirms the validity of the life-cycle model for northwestern Germany, where in the eighteenth century service offered younger generations training and helped redistribute surplus labour from peasant households with little land to those with high demand. Jeremy Hayhoe shows that throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Burgundy wine harvests continued to employ young men, but also older people and the children of peasant families themselves. Cristina Prytz, on the other hand, focuses closely on the experience of older, highly skilled servants in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Sweden and emphasizes the attractions of life-long service. Writing of rural Norway in the same period, Hanne Østhus investigates mobility between various ways of earning a living, arguing that the very category of "servant" is one with "porous boundaries." Finally, in what is (rather regrettably) the only chapter to deal with southern Europe, Raffaella Sarti analyzes quantitative data available for several regions of Italy and across a broad time span, finding surprisingly high numbers of rural servants and of neo-local, "simple" families, findings that challenge accepted "geographies of service," and question simplistic applications of the European marriage pattern. This book, however, does more than revise received ideas: it opens up a field of research which—with the exception of the work of Ann Kussmaul (Servants in Husbandry in Early Modern England,1981)—has been almost wholly neglected. As the volume's editor, Jane Whittle reminds us in her introductory overview, "Early modern Europe was an overwhelmingly rural society: before 1800 at least 85 per cent of the population lived outside of large towns. The great majority of people, including servants, had some involvement in farming. Yet the literature on servants continues to the dominated by studies of urban and domestic servants" (p. 2). The essays brought together here help to redress this imbalance, providing in-depth analyses of the characteristics and working conditions of servants in specific agricultural contexts across Europe over five centuries. No grand, cohesive picture is offered. "The significance of local and regional variations as...

Application of the methodology of service-learning for leadership training in the students of the specialist of elementary and Bilingual Intercultural Education at the National Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo Huaraz University

The present research has as objective general demonstrate the influence of the methodology of the learning service in the training of leadership of them students of the specialty of Primary and Education Bilingual Intercultural of it UNASAM.Applied an explanatory causal research and research design is quasi-experimental, where included a control group of the VI and VII cycle and an experimental group of the VIII and IX cycle of the mentioned specialist. The verification of the performance of the sample is collected by a tab of registration, questionnaires and the test of Likert allowing to evaluate the style of leadership of students and the application of the methodology of the learning service.The results of this research allowed to establish the influence of the methodology in the training of educator's leaders, proving the hypotheses raised as community service and development of skills for the exercise of leadership, the design of lifelong learning service in the decision-making process of the leadership for the decision-making and the strengthening of the relationships of leadership style consultative with the use of a communication system.

Froberger in Rome: From Frescobaldi’s Craftsmanship to Kirchner’s Compositional Secrets

The prevailing views on Froberger's two stays in Rome between 1637 and 1649 are revised in light of the author's findings in a number of Roman archives. Such findings include the first archival source testifying to Froberger's presence in the papal city during Frescobaldi's life. It is a parish register of 1640 enabling us to identify one of Froberger's dwellings in Rome, to reconstruct some musical events in which he may have assisted, and to discuss his relationships with Frescobaldi and the master's entourage both as a music student and as a composer in his own right. Two previously unknown letters written in 1649 to Athanasius Kircher by the confessors of, respectively, emperor Ferdinand III and archduke Leopold Wilhelm, Froberger's patron, enable us to consider Froberger's CLAUDIO ANNIBALDI 27 Figure 4b: Drawn copy of the seal ofl654 (by the author) well-known letter to Kircher of September 1649 as proof of the musician's apprenticeship not with Carissimi, as is currently held, but with Kircher himself as the inventor of a compositional machine to be delivered to the emperor. Finally, the author examines the other extant letter of Froberger to Kircher, dated February 1654, arguing that, as suggested by the coat of arms shown on its wax seal, one aspect of the musician's lifelong service to the Hapsburgs was a change in social status-the ramifications of which should be measured against the current notions of the inferiority of instrumental music in seventeenth-century culture.

Explaining Why Structural Transformation Did Not Occur in Cote D'Ivoire

The objective of this paper was to contribute to a better understanding of Cote d’Ivoire’s economic performance since independence in terms of structural transformation and propose ways that could trigger effective structural transformation. After a review of the country’s economic performance and an assessment of whether structural transformation had happen in light of the path taken by selected emerging Asian countries, it is argued that structural transformation has not really taken place in Cote d’Ivoire despite several economic policies that the country adopted. The paper identified factors that contributed to the emergence of selected Asian countries that have not been developed significantly in Cote d’Ivoire. It is then suggested that the country adopts an integrated development approach as laid in the concept of The Common Good which puts emphasis on lifelong intelligent human capital development (encompassing lifelong civic education, lifelong civic service and lifelong skills development) as the key to trigger other aspects of the socio-economic development.

Vital to the Creation: Interview with Alan Berg

Alan Berg, who recently celebrated his 80th birthday, is internationally acknowledged as the person most responsible for placing nutrition on the international development agenda and for having it solidly ensconced in the programmes of the US government and the World Bank. His seminal 1973 book The Nutrition Factor, written while a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, was nominated for the National Book Award. Berg worked during the Kennedy and Johnson years at The White House where he co-chaired a White House Task Force on Nutrition, was active in expanding the scope of the US government’s Food for Peace programme, served in India where he headed the US government’s first international nutrition programme, and served from 1973 to 1995 as the senior nutrition officer of the World Bank, where he was called ‘the conscience of the Bank on hunger issues’. In 2008, Berg was honored as one of the first recipients of the UN Achievement Award for Lifelong Service to Nutrition, being introduced then as ‘a global giant in nutrition history’.

Talent Philanthropy: Investing in Nonprofit People to Advance Nonprofit Performance

Keywords: Nonprofit human resources, staff development, staff, talent development, leadership, grantmaking strategyPart I - The Nonprofit Talent ChallengeFraming the IssueThe workforce challenge facing the social sector has been characterized primarily as a leadership crisis or deficit (Tierney, 2006; Eisenberg 2004; Schwarz, 2003). The narrative is premised on the idea that baby boomer nonprofit executive directors would begin retiring at the traditional age. This has not come to pass. The story line also suggests that this exodus will leave too few people to fill the vacated slots. This framing conflates management and leadership into one challenge, ignoring the distinction between these ideas and making invisible the importance of nonexecutive roles. Moreover, it overlooks millions of promising nonprofit professionals already in the field and committed to lifelong service. This flawed crisis mentality has led to ill-informed interventions, including efforts to recruit business students to manage the nonprofit sector (Buchanan, 2013).The true crisis is not a lack of bodies to fill nonprofit jobs; rather, it is the deficit of investment in current nonprofit people and the systems that them (Kunreuther & Corvington, 2007). It is true that numerous foundations have proudly funded excellent fellowships and leadership-development initiatives over many years (McGonagill & Reinelt, 2011). I have personally benefitted from such generous support, both as a program participant and as staff at a leadership-development organization. In recent years, the of executive coaching, sabbatical opportunities, and executive-transition management have grown popular among some foundations. Yet, it has been unclear how many foundations this work and how much philanthropic capital is routed to nonprofit talent efforts.To investigate this question, I partnered with the experts at the Foundation Center's research department. We found that during 1992-2011, the annual average total for nonprofit talent was 1.24 percent of grant dollars. In the last decade, the percentage of this of funding fell by half, from 1.4 percent to 0.8 percent of total grants each year. (See Figure 1.) A similar study by McKinsey & Co. found that only 1 percent of funding went to leadership development (Callanan, 2013).While designing a proxy for talent grantmaking using the Foundation Center taxonomy, I discovered that the codes to describe for grantee talent are nonexistent or, at the very least, challenging. For example, under the type of support category, the descriptive term that comes closest is faculty/staff development. This blurry phrasing presents a clear bias toward higher education and a lack of general focus in grantmaking on staff development at any of grantee organization. This is not the fault of Foundation Center; it is an inherited mental model amongst many funders that does not encourage them to conceptualize grantee talent as an important ingredient in the success of organizations and programs.With this data as context, the next sections examine the talent investment crisis by describing the current and chronic landscape.Urgent: The Current Talent EnvironmentSeveral trends in the nonprofit arena make it important to increase talent investment in this decade. These developments include generational and demographic change, a bottleneck in nonprofit careers, the war for talent, and the increasing rate at which talent moves in the nonprofit labor market. These issues have taken shape in the context of long-term divestment in nonprofit talent and chronically broken talent-support systems.Massive demographic and generational change in the American workforce has been widely documented and discussed (Halpern, 2006). The new majority will be people of color, not white people. The greatest generation is rapidly exiting the stage. Baby boomers are reaching the traditional retirement age. …

Doctors and medical training

Medical schools are charged with preparing their students for lifelong service of humanity. However, as discussed in this editorial many medical students may not be served well by the experience of their training. It is paramount that what is taught at medical school and those who teach prepare an educated but resilient workforce. The unmet expectations of medical students and their experience as newly qualified doctors sometimes reinforce the damage done during medical training.