Lifestyle Inventory Research Articles

Associations between adverse childhood experiences and history of weight cycling.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict obesity onset; however, the relationship between ACEs and history of weight cycling has not been adequately explored. This gap is problematic given the difficulty in weight loss maintenance and the impact of ACEs on obesity development, chronicity, and associated weight stigma. The objective of this study was to examine associations between self-reported history of ACEs and weight cycling in a sample of weight loss treatment-seeking adults with overweight/obesity. The number of participants in the analyzed sample was 78, mostly white educated adult women (80% female, 81% Caucasian, 75%≥bachelor's degree) with excess adiposity enrolled in the Cognitive and Self-regulatory Mechanisms of Obesity Study. ACEs were measured at baseline using the ACEs Scale. History of weight cycling was measured using the Weight and Lifestyle Inventory that documented weight loss(es) of 10 or more pounds. Higher ACE scores were associated with a greater likelihood of reporting a history of weight cycling. Participants with four or more ACEs had 8 times higher odds (OR=8.301, 95% CI=2.271-54.209, p=0.027) of reporting weight cycling compared with participants with no ACEs. The association of weight cycling for those who endorsed one to three ACEs was not significant (OR=2.3, 95% CI=0.771-6.857, p=0.135) in this sample. The role of ACEs in health may be related to associations with weight cycling. Results indicated that those who reported four or more ACEs had significantly higher odds of reporting weight cycling compared with those with no ACEs. Further research is needed to further explore how ACEs predict the likelihood of weight cycling, which may be prognostic for sustained weight loss treatment response and weight stigma impacts.

Life Style as a Predictor of Teacher Motivation

The aim of this study was to examine the role of lifestyle in predicting teacher job motivation. The study group consisted of 582 teachers working in different branches of primary, elementary and high schools of the Ministry of National Education in Haliliye, Eyyübiye and Harran districts of Şanlıurfa during the second term of the academic year 2018-2019. Professional Motivation Scale was used to determine the professional motivation of the teachers who participated in the study; Lifestyle Inventory consisting of five sub-dimensions that are control, perfectionism, self-esteem, satisfaction and expectations was used to determine lifestyle. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the role of sub-dimensions of lifestyle; control, perfectionism, self-esteem, satisfaction and expectations, in predicting teacher job motivation. According to the findings, it was concluded that control, perfectionism, and self-esteem significantly predicted teacher job motivation; and these three variables together explained 13% of the variance of teacher job motivation

Identifying eating disorders in adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review of screening questionnaires.

ObjectiveThis review aimed to examine the validity of self‐report screening questionnaires for identifying eating disorder (ED) risk in adults and adolescents with overweight/obesity.MethodFive databases were searched from inception to September 2020 for studies assessing validation of self‐report ED screening questionnaires against diagnostic interviews in adolescents and adults with overweight/obesity. The review was registered with PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=220013).ResultsTwenty‐seven papers examining 15 questionnaires were included. Most studies validated questionnaires for adults (22 of 27 studies), and most questionnaires (12 of 15) screened for binge eating or binge‐eating disorder (BED). The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (sensitivity = .16–.88, specificity = .62–1.0) and Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns (sensitivity = .07–1.0, specificity = .0–1.0) were most frequently validated (six studies each). Five studies of three questionnaires were in adolescents, with the Adolescent Binge‐Eating Disorder Questionnaire having highest sensitivity (1.0) but lower specificity (.27). Questionnaires designed to screen for BED generally had higher diagnostic accuracy than those screening for EDs in general.DiscussionQuestionnaires have been well validated to identify BED in adults with overweight/obesity. Validated screening tools to identify other EDs in adults and any ED in adolescents with overweight/obesity are lacking. Thus, clinical assessment should inform the identification of patients with co‐morbid EDs and overweight/obesity.Public SignificanceIndividuals with overweight/obesity are at increased risk of EDs. This review highlights literature gaps regarding screening for ED risk in this vulnerable group. This work presents possibilities for improving care of individuals with overweight/obesity by reinventing ED screening tools to be better suited to diverse populations.

The Role of Social Support and Lifestyle in Pre-Service Teachers' Psychological Well-Being

The main purpose of this study was to explore the predictive utility of demographic, social and lifestyle variables in psychological well-being. The participants were 410 pre-service teachers in Turkey. Three research instruments were utilized in the current study: Psychological Well-Being Scale, Lifestyle Inventory and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Both social support and lifestyle variables accounted for the additional variance in psychological well-being above and beyond the effects of demographic variables. Purpose in life was best predicted by being-married; lifestyle variables made the most contribution to autonomy; and social support-friend were found to be the best predictor of positive relations with others. It seems that demographic, social support and lifestyle variables play a differential role in psychological well-being.

Binge eating disorder and eating self-efficacy in adults seeking bariatric surgery.

This study assessed the relationships between binge eating disorder (BED) and eating self-efficacy in a sample of patients prior to bariatric surgery. The study also examined the extent that BED status accounted for variance in self-efficacy after controlling for demographic factors (age, sex and race), physical variables (comorbidities and body mass index [BMI]) and depressive symptoms. This was a cross-sectional study of pre-surgical data from patients seeking bariatric surgery at a university-based healthcare system (N=98; mean ± SD age of 46.2 ± 12.5 years; BMI of 45.4 ± 7.2 kg/m2 ; 86.7% female; and 60.2% of patients self-identified as White). Patients completed the Weight and Lifestyle Inventory (WALI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire. Of the total sample, 15.3% met criteria for BED, 33.7% had subthreshold BED and 51.0% were free of this disorder. In adjusted analyses, total self-efficacy was significantly lower in patients with subthreshold BED (B ± SE=-15.88 ± 7.23, p=.03) and individuals with BED (B ± SE=-35.07 ± 10.23, p=.001) than in those without BED. Patients with BED, compared to those without, had significantly worse scores (in adjusted analyses) on the self-efficacy subscales of negative emotions (p=.003), availability of food (p < .001), social pressure (p=.004) and positive activities (p=.03). In patients seeking bariatric surgery, total self-efficacy scores were significantly lower in patients with BED and subthreshold BED than those without BED. The results suggest that eating self-efficacy may be an important factor to target in patients with BED who seek bariatric surgery.

The Weight and Lifestyle Inventory (WALI) Helps Identify Patients at Risk for Weight Regain after Bariatric Surgery.

The Weight and Lifestyle Inventory (WALI) Helps Identify Patients at Risk for Weight Regain after Bariatric Surgery.

Academic burnout among undergraduate nursing students: Predicting the role of sleep quality and healthy lifestyle

Background: Academic burnout is a serious threat that can affect any student’s academic life, especially nursing students. Sleep quality and a healthy lifestyle are variables are related to academic burnout. This study aimed to predict undergraduate nursing students’ academic burnout based on sleep quality and lifestyle. Methods: The study was descriptive and correlational in design. The statistical population included all undergraduate nursing students of the Razi School of Nursing and Midwifery at the Kerman University of Medical Sciences (Kerman, Iran; 2016-2017 academic year). Of 270 students,143 students were selected using a random cluster sampling method. The Academic Burnout Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the LifeStyle Inventory were used to collect data. A linear regression analysis using the enter method was employed for data analysis. Results: There was a significantly positive correlation between students’ academic burnout and total PSQI score (P=0.000, r=0.547) and some of its sub-scales, including subjective sleep quality (P=0.000, r=0.607), sleep latency (P=0.019, r=0.196), sleep duration (P=0.014, r=0.206), sleep disturbance (P=0.000, r=0.346), and daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness (P=0.000, r=0.654). Conversely, the relationship between students’ academic burnout and healthy lifestyle was negatively significant (P=0.000, r=-0.507). Thus, the potential for undergraduate nursing students’ academic burnout can be predicted by sleep quality and lifestyle (P=0.000, F=23.480). Conclusions: By improving sleep quality and living a healthier lifestyle, students may be less likely to experience academic burnout.

Secondary analysis of YFAS 2.0 symptom counts, impairment/distress, and food addiction severity in adults with overweight/obesity.

Understanding the complexities of obesity is important for developing effective interventions. Evidence is growing that addictive-like tendencies toward foods may contribute to obesity in some individuals. The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS, YFAS 2.0) was developed to identify individuals with addictive-like eating behaviors. Diagnosing food addiction (FA) requires meeting a symptom threshold plus clinically significant impairment/distress (self-perceived), but the utility of the impairment/distress criteria remains controversial. This secondary analysis compared individuals who did not meet the FA symptom criteria, met the symptom, but not the impairment/distress criteria, and met both criteria. This secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled pilot study involving 83 adults with overweight/obesity used descriptive statistics and Univariate ANOVAS to compare YFAS 2.0 and Weight and Lifestyle Inventory responses among the groups. Twenty-eight individuals did not meet the FA symptom criteria, 20 met the symptom, but not the impairment/distress criteria, and 35 met both criteria. Of the latter, 80.0% had severe, 8.6% had moderate, and 11.4% had mild FA. Age at onset of overweight was lower with severe than with mild FA (p = 0.023). The YFAS 2.0 identified a distinct group with severe FA and a group who met the FA symptom threshold, but not the impairment/distress criteria. Few participants perceived impairment/distress unless they endorsed ≥ 6 symptoms. Adding clinical interviews may aid in assessing impairment/distress and addictive-like eating behaviors, particularly in those meeting the FA symptom, but not the impairment/distress criteria. Better characterization of these groups may help targeting obesity interventions. NCT03431831, 1/30/2018. Level III, case-control analytic study.

Predicting students academic performance from wellness status markers using machine learning techniques

Background: A high level of wellness is vital to produce a well-balanced and competent graduate. Despite the importance of wellness to the attainment of high productivity, limited attention is directed towards predicting the academic performance of students with regards to wellness markers. This study aims to ascertain the association between wellness and academic achievement of undergraduate students. Methods: A total of 250 undergraduate students drawn from various faculties in one of the public universities in Malaysia participated in the study. The wellness Lifestyle inventory which evaluates an initial rating of a person’s present attempt to remain healthy and assessed nine major areas namely; health-related fitness, nutrition, avoiding chemical dependency, stress management, personal hygiene and health, disease prevention, emotional well-being, personal safety and environmental health protection was used as a tool for determining the wellness status of the students whilst their CGPA was utilized as a measure for their academic achievement. K-means clustering analysis was used to group the students into high grades students (HGS) and low grades students (LGS) through their CGPA. A Logistic Regression Model (LR) is developed to classify the students based on their wellness status markers. Findings: An excellent classification accuracy of 99 to 100 % was obtained from the LR model for both training and testing, respectively. Moreover, analysis of variance demonstrated that the HGS and LGS differ in their effort to stay healthy with respect to certain markers p <0.05. Applications: To ensure better academic grades, some wellness status elements need to be accentuated amongst undergraduate students. Keywords: Wellness status; undergraduate student; academic performance;K-means clustering; logistic regression

Association of Personality and Thinking Style With Effective Surgical Coaching

While interest in surgical coaching programs is rising, there is no objective method for selecting effective surgical coaches. To identify a quantitative measure to determine who will be an effective surgical coach. This prospective cohort study included coaches and coachees from 2 statewide peer surgical coaching programs: the Wisconsin Surgical Coaching Program and the Michigan Bariatric Surgical Collaborative coaching program. Data were collected from April 2014 to February 2018, and analysis began August 2018. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator was administered to coaches and coachees, and the Life Styles Inventory was administered to surgical coaches before their first coaching session. Coach performance in the first coaching session and all coaching sessions using the Wisconsin Surgical Coaching Rubric. Twenty-three surgical coaches and 38 coachees combined for a total of 65 unique pairs and 106 coaching sessions. Overall, 22 of 23 coaches (96%) and 32 of 38 coachees (84%) were men. An increase in a coach's Life Styles Inventory constructive style score correlated with an increase in overall coach performance for the first coaching session (r = 0.70; P = .002). Similarity in the coaching pair's Myers-Briggs Type Indicator judging/perceiving dichotomy was also associated with an increase in overall coach performance for their first coaching session (β = 0.38; P = .02). When all sessions were included in the analysis, these objective measures were no longer associated with coach performance. Surgeons of all personalities and thinking styles can become an effective coach with appropriate training and experience. Coach training can be tailored to support diverse behavioral styles and preferences to maximize coach effectiveness.

Differing Impact of Weight Cycling on Ambulatory Blood Pressure versus Conventional Blood Pressure Assessment: A Possible Explanation to Controversy.

BackgroundWeight cycling (WC) is a widespread behavior associated with elevated laboratory blood pressure (BP). The impact WC may have on ambulatory BP (ABP) is unknown.MethodsImpact of self-reported WC history on ABP was assessed via cross-sectional nonexperimental design. Sixty-five women completed the Weight and Lifestyle Inventory (WALI) questionnaire. The WALI has been shown to be a reliable index of WC (r=0.87, P<0.001). Data were analyzed looking at WC both as a continuous and criterion variable, and subjects were dichotomized as either WC or non-WC (NWC).ResultsWC (n=31) were older (39.7±8.9 vs. 33.1±11.3 years), had a higher percent body fat (47.1%±6.2% vs. 41.4%±7.8%), and were less fit (21.2±5.4 vs. 26.7±7.6 mL/kg/min) than NWC (n=34). No significant correlation between laboratory systolic BP (SBP, P=0.830) or diastolic BP (DBP, P=0.997) and WC was observed. A significant correlation between the number of WC and systolic ABP (r=0.326, P=0.010) and trend for diastolic ABP (r=0.238, P=0.065) was found. SBP (23% vs. 17%, P<0.001) and DBP (13% vs. 9%, P<0.001) load was higher for WC compared to NWC women.ConclusionWC may deleteriously affect BP outcomes that might only be observed when ABP monitoring is used.

Sense of Community dan Wellness pada Mahasiswa (Studi pada Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)

Student wellness is one of the keys to success in Higher Education. Community is a potential psychological resource in maintaining wellness within the students. Sense of community is related to the wellness of the students. This study aims to determine the relationship between wellness and sense of community in students of Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo (UMSIDA). A total of 66 students were included as respondents in this study obtained by using cluster sampling technique. The data were collected using Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle inventory and Sense of Community Scale. The data analysis used is Pearson's correlational analysis. The result, there is a significant relationship between sense of community and wellness in UMSIDA students. That is, students with the SoC have more opportunities to achieve wellness better than other who doesn’t.

Surgeon leadership style and risk-adjusted patient outcomes.

There are many reasons to believe that surgeon personality traits and related leadership behaviors influence patient outcomes. For example, participation in continuing education, effective self-reflection, and openness to feedback are associated with certain personalities and may also lead to improvement in outcomes. In this context, we sought to determine if an individual surgeon's thinking and behavior traits correlate with patient level outcomes after bariatric surgery. Practicing surgeons from the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative (MBSC) were administered the Life Styles Inventory (LSI) assessment. The results of this assessment were then collapsed into three major styles that corresponded with particular patterns of an individual's thinking and behavior: constructive (achievement, self-actualizing, humanistic-encouraging, affiliative), passive/defensive (approval, conventional, dependent, avoidance), and aggressive/defensive (perfectionistic, competitive, power, oppositional). We compared patients level outcomes for surgeons in the lowest, middle, and highest quintiles for each style. We then used patient level risk-adjusted rates of complications after bariatric surgery to quantify the impact surgeon style on post-operative outcomes. We found that patients undergoing bariatric surgery performed by surgeons with high levels of constructive (achievement, self-actualizing, humanistic-encouraging, affiliative) and passive/defensive (approval, conventional, dependent, avoidance) styles had lower rates of adverse events compared with surgeons with low levels of the respective styles [High constructive: 14.7% (13.8-15.6%), low constructive: 17.7% (16.8-18.6%); high passive: 14.8% (13.4-16.1%), low passive: 18.7% (17.3-19.9%)]. Conversely, surgeons identified with high aggressive styles (perfectionistic, competitive, power, oppositional) had similar rates of post-operative adverse events compared with surgeons with low levels [high aggressive: 15.2% (14.3-16.1%), low aggressive: 14.9% (14.2-15.6%)]. Our analysis demonstrates that surgeons' leadership styles are correlated with surgical outcomes for individual patients. This finding underscores the need for professional development for surgeons to cultivate strengths in the constructive domains including intentional self-improvement, development of interpersonal skills, and the receptiveness to feedback.

Fatness and Fluctuating Body Weight: Effect on Central Vasculature.

Weight Cycling (WC) is a prevalent behavior associated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) health. However, a 2010 review on the effects of WC and blood pressure (BP) determined that there was not enough evidence to draw definitive conclusions. Central BP is the principal predictor of CV risk compared to peripheral BP. The influence that WC may have specifically on central BP is unknown. Cross-sectional observation of self-reported history of WC on measures of CV health was undertaken. Seventy-five women completed a Weight and Lifestyle Inventory questionnaire, which is considered a reliable index of WC (r = 0.87, p < 0.001). Measures of visceral fat, BP, arterial stiffness, and VO2peak were taken. Regression equations were used to assess primary predictors of these outcomes. Seventy-five middle aged (39 ± 11 years), obese (32 ± 7 kg/m2), and relatively unfit (24 ± 8 ml·kg−1 min−1) women completed the study. Visceral fat was the strongest predictor of brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP; r2 = 0.283), brachial diastolic blood pressure (DBP; r2 = 0.176), central SBP (r2 = 0.375), and augmentation index (AIx; r2 = 0.535, all p < 0.001). VO2peak was the strongest predictor of central DBP (r2 = 0.062, p = 0.036) and augmentation pressure (AP; r2 = 0.491, p < 0.001). Weight cycling index was associated with visceral fat (r = 0.521, p < 0.001). Visceral fat was a mediator between WC and central SBP (confidence interval [CI] = 0.0053–0.0602), AP (CI = 0.0507–0.4915), AIx (CI = 0.0025–0.0699), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CI = 0.0115–0.1227; all p < 0.05). WC may increase visceral fat accumulation, which was associated with increased central SBP and measures of arterial stiffness.

The Utility of the Weight and Lifestyle Inventory (WALI) in Predicting 2-Year Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery.

Emotional eating (EE) has been implicated as an important variable in bariatric surgery and is frequently assessed during preoperative evaluations. Little is known about the association between preoperative EE and postoperative outcomes. This study examined associations between preoperative EE, as measured by the Weight and Lifestyle Inventory, and 2-year postoperative percent weight loss. Data collected during preoperative evaluations were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 685 patients completed intake data, with 357 patients (52%) completing 2-year follow-up measures. The average time from the initial appointment to surgery is 6months. Preoperative data was collected at approximately month 2 of this 6-month period. Follow-up data was collected during 2-year postoperative follow-up visits. The average percent of weight lost was 22.93 (SD=13.62). Analyses indicated that (1) EE was not associated with percent weight loss for the overall sample, (2) EE was not associated with percent weight loss for females, (3) EE in response to positive affect was associated with percent weight loss for males, and (4) the interaction between preoperative depressive symptoms and EE was not associated with percent weight loss for either sex. While the WALI provides a fruitful means of gathering clinical information, results suggested no association between scores on Section H of the WALI and weight loss. The results suggest that EE may impact surgical outcomes differentially in men as compared to women. Future research should seek to replicate these findings and focus on gender differences related to surgical outcomes.

Ethics Education in Allied Health: A Systematic Review of Learning Outcomes for Entry-Level Students

The complexities of modern healthcare pose a range of ethical issues for health professionals. In preparing student health professionals for these complexities, entry-level education must go beyond exposure to ethical theory, codes and standards. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the student learning outcomes reported in peer-reviewed allied health literature following ethics training. The review method included an a priori protocol, adherence to PRISMA statement, with critical appraisal via the Critical Appraisal Checklist for an Article on an Educational Intervention and The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) Qualitative Checklist. From a total of 1237 possible records published between 1991 and 2015, 11 studies of variable methodological quality met the inclusion criteria for final synthesis. Studies focused on teaching to occupational therapy, physiotherapy, pharmacy and dietetics students (n=588). Heterogeneity among studies precluded meta-analysis and data were synthesised qualitatively in a narrative format. A range of outcomes measures were used in the reviewed publications including the Structure of the Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO), Defining Issues Test (DIT), Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS), Attitudes to Health Professionals Questionnaire (AHPQ), Student Development Task Lifestyle Inventory (SDTLI) and the Socio-moral Reflection Measure-short form (SRM-SF). Other studies surveyed students at the completion of the educational intervention using free text questions or Likert scales. The pedagogical approach used was varied, including transformative, constructivist, arts-based, inter-professional, problem-based or experiential learning approaches. The findings of this review suggest that given the current body of evidence, the teaching of ethics to and for allied health students should include the delivery of ethics focused content, be intensive in nature, link theory with real-life situations and practice, and expose students to multiple views using a variety of methods such as reflection and discussion of ambiguous, controversial topics. While the exact prescription of ethics training to maximise efficacy and uptake is unknown, there is some suggestion that immediate learning outcomes may follow a dose-response pattern, providing potential for future teaching models to incorporate repeated ethics exposure support for cumulative and sustained learning.

The Development and Properties of the Support Needs Questionnaire

The Support Needs Questionnaire (SNQ) measures the support people with severe mental illness need to attain valued social roles as a route to social inclusion. Its design derives from Wolfensberger’s Social Role Valorisation theory. It is a clinical tool comprising a comprehensive lifestyle inventory of “universal basic” and “disability” needs; and “revalorisation needs” arising from social devaluation and deep exclusion. The SNQ comprises eight discreet sub-scales based on O’Brien’s Five Service Accomplishments, the domains of which include Community Presence, Community Participation, Choice and Control, Social Roles and Respect, Skills and Competencies, and Finance. There are also two descriptive sub-scales: Physical and Mental Health. The item set was developed collaboratively with service users. This paper introduces the SNQ, its design rationale and development, and investigates aspects of its reliability, validity and utility. Care co-ordinators in a Community Mental Health Team rated eighty-two service users’ support needs at a two week interval using the SNQ, the Global Assessment Scale and the MARC-2. The SNQ is shown to have high test-retest reliability, good construct and concurrent validity, and good discriminatory power. It exhibited no floor or ceiling effects with the reference population. It could be used with a more diverse population. The descriptive sub-scales were weakest. The population profile showed moderate support was required for physical integration but high levels for social integration which is consistent with previous research. The SNQ has some good psychometric properties. Future research should address internal consistency and potential item redundancy, determine inter-rater reliability and change sensitivity.

The relationship between worldview, self-efficacy, psychological distress, and a health-promoting lifestyle among a South African undergraduate university sample

This study examined the relationship between worldview, self-efficacy, psychological distress, and health-promoting lifestyle among an undergraduate South African student sample. We recruited a sample of 211 participants who responded to an online questionnaire consisting of the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Inventory, the Organicism-Mechanism Lifestyle Profile, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, and checklists on nutrition, exercise, and alcohol use self-efficacy, gender, and place of residence. The data were analysed using SPSS 18.0. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that the linear combination of demographic variables, worldview, self-efficacy, and psychological distress significantly explained a health-promoting lifestyle. We also found that psychological distress and nutrition and exercise self-efficacy were significantly associated with a health-promoting lifestyle.

Problematic eating behaviors among bariatric surgical candidates: A psychometric investigation and factor analytic approach

Psychological factors (e.g., anxiety, depression) are routinely assessed in bariatric pre-surgical programs, as high levels of psychopathology are consistently related to poor program outcomes (e.g., failure to lose significant weight pre-surgery, weight regain post-surgery). Behavioral factors related to poor program outcomes and ways in which behavioral and psychological factors interact, have received little attention in bariatric research and practice. Potentially problematic behavioral factors are queried by Section H of the Weight and Lifestyle Inventory (WALI-H), in which respondents indicate the relevance of certain eating behaviors to obesity. A factor analytic investigation of the WALI-H serves to improve the way in which this assessment tool is interpreted and used among bariatric surgical candidates, and subsequent moderation analyses serve to demonstrate potential compounding influences of psychopathology on eating behavior factors. Bariatric surgical candidates (n =362) completed several measures of psychopathology and the WALI-H. Item responses from the WALI-H were subjected to principal axis factoring with oblique rotation. Results revealed a three-factor model including: (1) eating in response to negative affect, (2) overeating/desirability of food, and (3) eating in response to positive affect/social cues. All three behavioral factors of the WALI-H were significantly associated with measures of depression and anxiety. Moderation analyses revealed that depression did not moderate the relationship between anxiety and any eating behavior factor. Although single forms of psychopathology are related to eating behaviors, the combination of psychopathology does not appear to influence these problematic behaviors. Recommendations for pre-surgical assessment and treatment of bariatric surgical candidates are discussed.

Health-promoting behaviors in South African music students: A replication study

The study evaluated self-reported health-promoting behaviors and psychosocial well-being of undergraduate music students ( n = 144) and was designed as an attempt to replicate and extend previous studies. The goals were (a) to differentiate those behaviors in undergraduate music students, and (b) to examine the influences of gender and instrument played. Participants completed the health-promoting lifestyle inventory (HPLP-II), the self-efficacy (SES) and the self-regulation (SRS), scales, as well as the positive and negative affect (PANAS) scale. Results show overall deficiencies in music students’ healthy habits, which is in line with previous studies. Generally, low values were found for health responsibility, physical activity, stress management and nutrition. Female students, however, achieved significantly better results for nutrition choices. Keyboard players were found to be the weakest group in health-promoting behaviors. Significant correlations were found between the subscales of the HPLP-II, self-efficacy (SES), self-regulation (SRS) and emotional state (PANAS). These results similar to other studies, moreover, support the assumption that music students’ healthy behaviors generalize across different socio-cultural contexts.