Life Cycle Strategies Research Articles

Eriophyid mites in fruit crops: Biology, ecology, molecular aspects, and innovative control strategies

Eriophyid mites, minute arachnids within the family Eriophyidae, pose significant threats to fruit crops globally, leading to substantial economic losses in agriculture. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the intricate biology, ecology, molecular aspects, and innovative control strategies of these pervasive pests. Eriophyid mites exhibit a complex life cycle and reproductive strategy, with their habitat preferences and distribution heavily influenced by environmental factors and host-plant interactions. Advances in molecular biology have provided more profound insights into their genetics and interactions at the molecular level, revealing crucial information for developing targeted pest management strategies. Control strategies for eriophyid mites encompass chemical methods, such as applying acaricides and understanding resistance mechanisms, as well as biological control using natural predators and parasitoids. Cultural and physical control methods, including crop rotation and mechanical removal, play vital roles in integrated pest management (IPM). Emerging approaches like RNA interference (RNAi) and semiochemical-based controls offer promising alternatives for sustainable pest management. This review underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach to effectively manage eriophyid mite infestations, integrating traditional and novel strategies. Future research should focus on overcoming current challenges, enhancing the efficacy of control methods, and further exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying mite-plant interactions

To Study the Requirement of Implementation of Zero Waste Management Plan for Steel Production Plant (A Review)

Unsustained mining practices have resulted in the overuse of shared resources this year, degrading the environment extensively. Additionally, there is an increase in nursery gas emissions from the generation of vital metals due to a continually growing demand for metals, a decline in metal grades, and complex underused stockpiles. As a result, the mineral preparation and metal production industry frequently finds itself under increasing pressure to advance the overall sustainability of its operations, notably through reducing energy consumption, outflows, and waste transfer. Large volumes of wastewater are released by the steel and press industries. Typically, a quantitative approach is used to assess the wastewater's natural effects. In any event, a more notable factor in the harm to the natural environment is the water quality of released effluent. Furthermore, there is still a gap in the thorough assessment of several contaminants in wastewater in terms of both quantity and quality. This work considers the volume of wastewater and the quality of primary forms in order to characterize an add-up to natural affect score that surveys the natural impact of wastewater release. A field check and estimation of wastewater release volume and quality is carried out to secure pH, suspend solids chemical oxygen request add up to nitrogen add up to press, and hexavalent chromium in order to actualize the totally subjective and quantitative appraisal. Coordination steel plants use five basic materials (discus, water, fuel, and control) in the process of producing steel. It is important to note that steel can be generated at a coordinate office using press mineral as well as at an auxiliary office, which mostly uses recycled steel waste to make steel. The development industry and other building applications use a variety of rolled products (sheets, tin- and zinc-plated sheets, cold rolled groups, steel channels, sheet-metal segments, etc.) and made or drawn products (bars, wires) in conjunction with crude steel. Over time, the idea of a life cycle strategy for the supportability of products and services has received more and more attention.

Modelling the complete life cycle of an arctic copepod reveals complex trade-offs between concurrent life cycle strategies

Calanus hyperboreus is a large-bodied, biomass dominant species that performs a crucial ecosystem energy transfer by converting the spring phytoplankton bloom into lipid reserves that fuel the higher trophic levels of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL) pelagic ecosystem, including the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale (Eubalena glacialis). Given that the GSL, the southernmost core habitat of C. hyperboreus, is undergoing rapid warming, developing a population model allows us to synthesize existing knowledge of the species, and to examine the species response to environmental conditions. To simulate the multi-year life cycle in the northwest GSL, model equations are implemented for ingestion, assimilation, respiration, egg production, stage development, mortality, and vertical migration behaviors including dormancy entry and exit. The 1-D particle-based model predicts the evolution of individual stage, structural mass, lipid, age, sex, abundance, and egg production, as well as the seasonal evolution of the population structure in the northwest GSL. Individual lipid-based thresholds inform the timing of ontogenetic vertical migration. Life cycle targets defined from a literature review are used to guide model parameterization and assess its performance. The simulated population structure, phenology, and size at stage are generally consistent with observations. Under 10 years of repeat year forcing, the model simulates a quasi-stable overwintering population composed of late stages CIV, CV and CVI. Observations suggest that stage CIV is the first overwintering stage in the GSL, and point to the occurrence of iteroparous females. Using the model, the relative success of diverse dormancy and reproductive phenotypes are explored. Second reproduction females reproduce earlier in winter than first reproduction females, with implications for the ability of the new generation to match the spring bloom and accumulate sufficient lipid to overwinter as stage CIV. Without iteroparity, the time window of reproduction contracts and the population is reduced, underscoring the role of a flexible multi-year life cycle in population success.

Isolation and comparative analysis of culturable bacterial communities associated with life stages, breeding and rearing substrates of Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) vector of bluetongue virus.

Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) has been vectoring several arboviruses, protozoa and nematodes, leading to mortality and morbidity of livestock and wild ruminants in the tropics and subtropics. Insight into the bacterial communities associated with the vector species must be worked out. This work tries to inventorize the bacterial communities associated with this important vector species. Acquisition of gut microbiota may be the parental origin, while some are obtained through feeding during larval stages. Culicoides oxystoma possesses semi-aquatic life cycle strategies for egg-laying and larval survival. The bacteria associated with C. oxystoma were compared throughout (i) life stages: egg, larval instars, pupa, adult: male and female obtained from laboratory colony; (ii) field-collected adult: male and age-graded females; and (iii) natural breeding substrate and artificial rearing substrate. The culture-dependent bacteria were identified by Sanger sequencing of 16S rRNA, and haemolytic bacteria were screened on blood agar. Results show that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria are the predominant Phyla, of which Bacillus spp. was the most abundant across the life stages. Across the life history, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus tropicus, Lysinibacillus sp. and Paenibacillus sp. were retrieved routinely. Bacillus cereus and Alcaligenes faecalis were detected in the lab-reared specimens and shared between the natural breeding site and rearing medium. From the adults trapped across two locations, B. cereus, Bacillus flexus, A. faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Pseudomonas sp. were isolated. The bacterial species associated with this vector may influence various physiological traits, such as vectorial capacity, digestion and larval development, which need further investigation.

Life history strategies of two springtails species (Hexapoda: Collembola) from saline soils

Springtails are a very common, widely spread component of soil fauna that play a significant role in numerous physical, chemical, and biological processes in the soil. Therefore, it is important to understand how their evolution and demographic parameters have changed throughout time. Since salinity is a relevant condition in the soils around the World and particularly in Mexico, the major goal of the current research is to understand the life cycle strategies of two springtail species from saline soils in Mexico. The studied species are Clavisotoma filifera and Brachystomella gabrielae, both widely distributed in Mexico, but their development or life history strategies are unknown. We found from laboratory cultures that C. filifera had a shorter life cycle and a faster reproduction rate than B. gabrielae. Nevertheless, both species show the same number of developmental stages, but there are interspecific differences in their duration. Although both species continuously reproduce throughout the year, the reproductive rate is lower in the months that are associated with the dry season at the source site. Additionally, we discovered variations in both the size and number of eggs in each species. It was found that the species under study had various life strategies for growth in the same environment. Clavisotoma filifera shows a more r-focused strategy (high fecundity, numerous offspring, shorter gestation and faster maturity), B. gabrielae shows an opposite strategy, closer to q strategy, with a lower fecundity, larger eggs, fewer reproductive events and slower maturity.

Life cycle strategies in free-living unicellular eukaryotes: Diversity, evolution, and current molecular tools to unravel the private life of microorganisms.

An astonishing range of morphologies and life strategies has arisen across the vast diversity of protists, allowing them to thrive in most environments. In model protists, like Tetrahymena, Dictyostelium, or Trypanosoma, life cycles involving multiple life stages with different morphologies have been well characterized. In contrast, knowledge of the life cycles of free-living protists, which primarily consist of uncultivated environmental lineages, remains largely fragmentary. Various life stages and lineage-specific cellular innovations have been observed in the field for uncultivated protists, but such innovations generally lack functional characterization and have unknown physiological and ecological roles. In the actual state of knowledge, evidence of sexual processes is confirmed for 20% of free-living protist lineages. Nevertheless, at the onset of eukaryotic diversification, common molecular trends emerged to promote genetic recombination, establishing sex as an inherent feature of protists. Here, we review protist life cycles from the viewpoint of life cycle transitions and genetics across major eukaryotic lineages. We focus on the scarcely observed sexual cycle of free-living protists, summarizing evidence for its existence and describing key genes governing its progression, as well as, current methods for studying the genetics of sexual cycles in both cultivable and uncultivated protist groups.

The relationship between firm life cycle and firm strategies: A systematic review and future direction

The business life cycle is examined through a comprehensive literature review in this academic study. Our initial approach involves searching for relevant articles on firm life cycle and strategy using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. We conduct bibliometric analyses to identify key contributors and recurring keywords. Subsequently, we select twenty-seven research papers to explore the Theory Development, Characteristics, Context, and Methodology (TCCM) framework for firm life cycle and strategy. Our analysis summarizes corresponding business strategies for each stage, including the use of Initial Management Control Systems (MCS) in the introduction phase. As companies grow, a high inventory-to-sales ratio may hinder effectiveness, but it proves beneficial in the growth and revival stages. Mature companies excel in green process innovation and engage more in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities. In the decline stage, firms use cost efficiencies, asset retrenchment, and core activity focus for recovery, signaling commitment to a successful turnaround. However, there is a research gap in exploring appropriate global strategies for various life cycle stages, providing an opportunity for additional articles to thoroughly investigate this relationship and assess multinational enterprises’ success trajectories throughout their life cycles.

A buy-hold-sell pension saving strategy

We propose a ‘buy, hold, sell’ (BHS) deterministic lifecycle strategy that involves buying and holding assets until they are sold to generate income. Savings are invested entirely into a risky portfolio until a pre-specified ‘switch age’ and then entirely into a risk-free portfolio after the switch age, followed by withdrawing during the payout phase from both portfolios based on annuitization factors that vary with age. We also allow for access to mortality credits through an insurance market. We analytically derive the dynamics of the investment strategy and show that the strategy is optimal for a range of investors with HARA risk preferences. We demonstrate numerically that the BHS strategy delivers limited loss of utility versus an optimal solution for investors with CRRA preferences and low-moderate levels of risk aversion while significantly outperforming deterministic strategies commonly seen in practice. The BHS strategy offers an attractive alternative for practical applications as it is straightforward to apply while avoiding the need for dynamic optimization and portfolio rebalancing.

Marketing the “faast” way: the corn dough revolution

Research methodology The case portrays an actual organization, real people and an authentic marketing situation. Both primary and secondary data were used to develop the case. Interviews with the company’s founders were a major source of primary data. Email exchanges with the company’s leadership were used to verify and elucidate details within the case and instructor’s manual. Other primary data included direct observations of how maize was milled, sold in the marketplaces and cooked into various staple foods. Secondary data about the company were obtained from the company’s website, social media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram) and articles in the press. Information on the company’s operating environment was derived from published government reports. The authors also drew on secondary data about the statistics, practices and issues involved in maize production and the agro-processing industry in Ghana. Case overview/synopsis This case features Sahel Grains Ltd, an agro-processing company based in Ghana, West Africa, striving to grow its maiden product, Faast Mmori. This ready-to-cook corn dough provides a more hygienic and convenient way of preparing local meals, compared to the traditional method, which involves taking maize grain to the local mill facilities and paying to have it milled before cooking. Alternatively, consumers purchase corn dough from the markets to make traditional meals. Since the company launched the product in Kumasi in 2018, sales have grown with the augmented street sales promotion and expanded distribution in premium supermarkets such as Shoprite and Citydia. However, starting in November 2020, the sales seemed to plateau with dwindling new customers, and the monthly dough sales in Kumasi dropped for the first time in December 2020. Although the sales regained positive growth, they then started to lose momentum. In this scenario, Kofi, the CEO and co-founder, is considering marketing strategies to catalyze growth. Students assume the role of Kofi and are asked to recommend growth strategies to move the company forward. In doing so, they must scan the market environment and analyze the product’s market positioning. More importantly, they are challenged to develop strategies for managing growth. Complexity academic level This case is intended for undergraduate students in an introductory course in marketing, management, entrepreneurship and business in general. It introduces students to key marketing concepts, such as market environment scanning, positioning, product life cycle and market growth strategy.

Analysis and Reflection on the Strategy Benchmarking of Power Battery Management in China and Europe

In 2023, the European Union (EU) enacted the Regulation on Batteries and Waste Batteries (hereinafter referred to as the New Law on Batteries), which strengthens the regulatory framework for the entire lifecycle of power batteries. This development presents both challenges and opportunities for global power battery manufacturers and operators. As a significant player in the global power battery industry chain and the world’s largest producer of electric vehicles and power batteries, China must systematically assess the impact of global battery management strategies, including the EU’s New Law on Batteries, from a lifecycle perspective. This understanding is crucial for maintaining China’s competitive edge in the global power battery market and achieving mutually beneficial outcomes in international trade negotiations. This paper constructs a strategy analysis framework based on the lifecycle approach. By summarizing the power battery management strategies of both the EU and China, it provides a comprehensive overview of strategies across different countries, highlights the key regulatory focus areas, and offers relevant strategy recommendations. The main conclusions and insights are as follows: (1) The New Law on Batteries achieves lifecycle regulation from “cradle” to “grave” and back to “cradle”. (2) China emphasizes the management of waste power batteries, with an increasingly robust strategy system at the recycling stage, yet lacks comprehensive measures for other lifecycle stages. (3) The EU has established a comprehensive lifecycle strategy management system centered on the New Law on Batteries, characterized by strong coordination and a synergistic combination of strategies across different sectors. Finally, this paper identifies three major compliance challenges posed by the New Law on Batteries, necessitating enhanced strategy development and implementation in the areas of carbon footprint management, circular economy, and digital battery passports.

Observations on the Distribution and Effect of Salinity on a Little Known Plant, <I>Mimulus orbicularis</I> Wall. Ex Benth. (Scrophulariaceae)

Mimulus orbicularis Wall, ex Benth., occasionally found in brackish water lakes, ditches, slacks and often in abandoned ricefields near estuaries and the coastal belt of Eastern India, is a rare aquatic plant. Very often the plants have been found to disappear from the habitat due to some ecological or anthropogenic factors. It is observed that the plant has very little potential for modulating its life cycle strategies in the same habitat. Though populations were recorded in three different localities in India, survival of this species in a parmanent habitat is still a question due to its 'nomadic distribution'. On account of this population behaviour, the collection of this species by many workers in the past has been inadequate. Occurrence of this plant in new localities, extent of distribution and some changes in the morphological characteristics with the change of water salinity and some chemical components of water are discussed in this paper.

Tracking Multiple Vehicles with a Flexible Life Cycle Strategy Based on Roadside LiDAR Sensors

Tracking Multiple Vehicles with a Flexible Life Cycle Strategy Based on Roadside LiDAR Sensors

Asset allocation via life-cycle adjusted PPI strategy: evidence from the U.S. and China stock market

ABSTRACT In this article, we extend the Proportion Portfolio Insurance (PPI) strategy by a life-cycle adjusted multiplier to adapt to the scenario of multi-period investment with continuous cash inflows, such as variable annuity with minimal guarantees. Using variational methods, we establish the closed-form optimal risk multiplier that determines the proportion of risky assets. It is negatively correlated with the life-cycle phase and previous performance but positively correlated with market conditions. We test the effectiveness of the life-cycle adjusted PPI strategy in a discrete-time framework for application considerations. In the U.S. and China stock markets, the life-cycle strategies outperform benchmark strategies under various measurements with robust results. Variable annuity investors who are less risk-averse or accept a lower guarantee ratio can benefit most from our strategy.

Dinophysis, a highly specialized mixoplanktonic protist

Several Dinophysis species produce lipophilic toxins (diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, DSP and pectenotoxins PTX) which are transferred through the food web. Even at low cell densities (< 103 cell L-1), they can cause human illness and shellfish harvesting bans; toxins released into the water may kill early life stages of marine organisms. Dinophysis species are mixotrophs: they combine phototrophy (by means of kleptoplastids stolen from their prey) with highly selective phagotrophy on the ciliate Mesodinium, also a mixotroph which requires cryptophyte prey of the Teleaulax/Geminigera clade. Life cycle strategies, biological interactions and plastid acquisition and functioning in Dinophysis species make them exemplars of resilient holoplanktonic mixoplankters and of ongoing speciation and plastidial evolution. Nevertheless, 17 years after the first successful culture was established, the difficulties in isolating and establishing cultures with local ciliate prey, the lack of robust molecular markers for species discrimination, and the patchy distribution of low-density populations in thin layers, hinder physiological experiments to obtain biological measurements of their populations and slow down potential advances with next-generation technologies. The Omic’s age in Dinophysis research has only just started, but increased efforts need to be invested in systematic studies of plastidic diversity and culture establishment of ciliate and cryptophyte co-occurring with Dinophysis in the same planktonic assemblages.

Product life cycle techniques: SMEs maintenance strategies

The food and beverage subsector of the industry is expanding. As the opportunities available to businesses grow, competition to maintain market share intensifies as the loss of a product diminishes its competitiveness. This leads to accumulating unsold products in the inventory even though increased sales volume could generate cash. Because the product cannot compete until the market reacts, it is not sold. Product demand rises in response to capacity constraints but must still be fulfilled. Increased sales are necessary to retain consumers during market expansion or contraction periods. By evaluating the literature, this study ascertains the most effective courses of action for two business scenarios. This study identifies product life cycle strategies supported by mixed marketing techniques in research indexed at least SINA 3, Scopus, or WOS between 2013 and 2023. According to the study, a business can flourish by offering discounts or special services to customers willing to wait while sales capacity increases.

Big Data Analytics-based life cycle sustainability assessment for sustainable manufacturing enterprises evaluation

Recently, governments and organizations have repeatedly pressed manufacturing enterprises to promote the ethical and transparent use of natural resources, lessen their negative effects on national and international ecosystems, and safeguard people and the environment. In this context, enhancing the various stages of the product/service life cycle to fulfill sustainability requirements and foster sustainable value creation is a key area of interest for researchers and professionals. This emphasis reflects the growing recognition of the importance of minimizing the environmental impact of products and services, while also maximizing their positive contributions to society, economy, and environment. To this end, this research work addresses how manufacturing enterprises benefit from life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) thinking to incorporate the environmental and social criteria into the product/service life cycle strategies. To do so, a novel approach based on environmental priority strategy (EPS) as an LCSA method for impacts monetization coupling with Big Data Analytics (BDA) techniques and tools is developed to evaluate and analyze the manufacturing enterprises’ impacts on the environment and society. Moreover, the developed approach evaluates manufacturing enterprises’ progress toward sustainable development goals (SDGs). Finally, to demonstrate the applicability of the developed approach, a case study from the corporate environmental impact database is used, and the obtained numerical results are analyzed showing its efficiency and added value.

The evolving story of catadromy in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla)

Abstract Anguillid eels were once considered to be the classic example of catadromy. However, alternative life cycles have been reported, including skipping the freshwater phase and habitat shifting between fresh, brackish, and saltwater throughout the growth phase. There is a lack of knowledge regarding these alternate life strategies, for example, the proportion of individuals in the population that adopt them compared to classic catadromy. We provide a description of these alternate life cycle strategies in temperate anguillids, their possible drivers, and the methods available to investigate them. These methods (lethal and non-lethal), include otolith microchemistry, fatty acid and stable isotope analyses, parasite identification, blood transcriptomics, and electronic tags. We argue that since the current management framework for the European eel and other temperate eels is based mainly on the freshwater component of the population, it ignores eels growing in saline waters. Many of the factors that are thought to be responsible for the precipitous decline of the eel population are more prevalent in freshwater systems. Therefore, the contribution of saline eels may be more important than currently estimated. The habitat-shifting ability of eels may be all the more crucial for the persistence and recovery of those species that are endangered.

ReactJS: A Comprehensive Analysis of its features, Performance, and Suitability for Modern Web Development

ReactJS is an open-source technology used to create UIs specifically for single-page apps. Software developers may create large-scale web applications with ReactJS that can consume data and alter over time without refreshing the page. React utilizes a clever diffing computation in this manner to only recover in its DOM hub the data that needs to be retrieved while keeping the rest with no assurances. Our application may be built easily thanks to the use of reusable components. Reacts amazing design also makes UI arrangements predictable and relieves programmers of a significant burden, allowing them to concentrate on bigger goals and business thinking. Respond doesn't compel the use of a specific way to carry out a given task, either. Customers may pick from a wide range of libraries to play out a certain task thanks to this service. The ordering of events that are called during a segment's lifespan is handled by lifecycle strategies and react hooks, two additional important features. The ReactJS system's many strengths are discussed in this article, along with how these strengths are applied when creating applications. It also goes through a few of the terms that are used the most frequently, how to use them, and how to incorporate them into our program. Keywords - ReactJS, Components, Architecture, Lightweight DOM, Virtual DOM, JSX, Performance, One Way Data Flow, Pro’s and Con’s

Multiple Life Cycle and its Impact on Enhancing the Sustainability of Industrial Products / a Field Study in the Babylon Battery Factory

The current research seeks to determine the impact of the multiple life cycle in enhancing the sustainability of industrial products within the field side represented by the Babylon battery factory affiliated to the General Company for the Automotive and Equipment Industry, To achieve the goal of the research, a hypothetical research model was built in light of the formulation of the research hypotheses represented in the first hypothesis: there is no significant statistically significant correlation between the multiple life cycle strategies (combined and individually) and the sustainability of the product in the factory under study, The second hypothesis: there is no effect without statistical significance for multiple life cycle strategies (combined and individually) in product sustainability in the factory under search. A set of conclusions has been reached, the most important of which is that there is a significant correlation and a varying level of impact for each of the various life cycle strategies on the sustainability of the product combined within the field aspect under consideration. Depending on the conclusions reached by the research, a number of recommendations were presented that are consistent with these conclusions, the most important of which is supposed to the management of the factory under search to pay greater attention to the entrance of the multiple life cycle and that for the provisions of closing the cycle of material flow, as well as to make full use of the application of this entrance In the factory under search.

브랜드 수명 주기별 리뉴얼 전략에 따른 로고 리뉴얼 디자인

The purpose of this study is to find methods for logo renewal design according to the brand life cycle, considering the logo as an important visual tool that represents the brand identity in terms of brand management. This study was conducted through literature study on brand life cycle and brand renewal strategy, an expert survey on logo renewal design, and logo analysis of 35 food and beverage brands with statistical data to determine brand life cycle. The results of the study are three. First, the four stages(introduction, growth, maturity, and decline) of brand life cycle characteristics and renewal strategies were derived. Second, four brand renewal strategies(partial change, total change, repositioning, new image creation) and methods for logo renewal design were proposed based on the life cycle of the brand. Based on this, renewal characteristics for each life cycle were proposed. Third, visual elements of identity that are important depending on the brand life cycle and brand renewal strategy were found. It was found that the addition and subtraction of graphic elements and change of color tone are important in the partial change strategy of the growth period and maturity period, and that the change of signature color is important in the repositioning strategy and the creation of the new image.