Life Cycle Paradigm Research Articles

Reposition Malaysian’s Social Neuroscience Life Cycle Paradigm to Resolve the Midlife Mystic

This investigation examines, via phenomenological qualitative analysis, on the agony of midlife progression shocked many underwent, when march in to the beclouded forty unprepared due to society knowledge deficiency on the existent of midlife phase. Thus, the key research objective is to reposition the subject of life cycle paradigm by setting a new psychosocial parameter for each life phase by defining it from the social neuroscience perspective, so that to devise a new model of social neuroscience life cycle paradigm for Malaysian. A qualitative inquiry on the individual’s lived phenomenological experiences within the social structure is done by face to face interview, then snow ball to people around them by survey form. A total of N=221 Malaysian participated voluntarily by answering three fundamental questions to elicit their personal life experience on the social neuroscience dimensions. The answer is scripted for thematic analysis and tested by SPSS. 68% of data collected from people originated from other states, thus the statistic could then be considered as Malaysia’s. Three major finding resulted. Firstly, there are four episodes life cycle of life span on one’s whole life, yet only 15.4% of Malaysian acknowledge the existent of midlife episode as a process and majority (76%) define life process as a simple three episode process. Secondly, the accretion of 11 social neuroscience dimensions in one’s life course, and reveals a mystical existent of social assumed illusion on midlife as steady stage outwardly with specialised skills, which has wrapped up their inward neuroscience struggle of vulnerability that need emotional regulation of this latent effect. Thirdly, when the two finding are mixed, a new look of Malaysian social neuroscience life cycle paradigm named as “The 28,000 days of four episodes social neuroscience life cycle” is born and presenting a new era for whole life transition analysis. The two immediate contribution of this study produces a new era concept that has walked Malaysian from knowledge darkness of life episodes by elevating life cycle paradigm into a new level on social neuroscience aspects, and, invented a crisis predictability to curb the hidden explosive crisis dynamic, though not able to eliminate it during midlife. Process from here, next research should be on a bigger quantitative scale research dynamic of psychosocial factors which trigger specifically hidden midlife crisis knowledge deficiency.

Small Firm Growth: The Unfolding of a Trigger Point

This study combines the concept of trigger points, events preceding bursts of growth, with a linguistic approach to show how firm growth unfolds through a process of translation. By marrying theories and methods rooted in the linguistic turn with firm growth theories, this study brings new insights on growth contributing to both the advancement of the trigger point concept and the wider understanding of entrepreneurial activities as complex and contextually bound processes dependent on human interaction. In doing so, the study also adheres to the current demand for advancing firm growth theory by relaxing the outcome-focussed approach and static life-cycle paradigm, and complementing it with alternative theoretical and methodological perspectives.

Total Process Error: An Approach for Assessing and Monitoring the Quality of Multisource Processes

Abstract Most National Statistical Institutes are progressively moving from traditional production models to new strategies based on the combined use of different sources of information, which can be both primary and secondary. In this article, we propose a framework for assessing the quality of multisource processes, such as statistical registers. The final aim is to develop a tool supporting decisions about the process design and its monitoring, and to provide quality measures of the whole production. The starting point is the adaptation of the life-cycle paradigm, that results in a three-phases framework described in recent literature. An evolution of this model is proposed, focusing on the first two phases of the life-cycle, to better represent the source integration/combination phase, that can vary accordingly to the features of different types of processes. The proposed enhancement would improve the existing quality framework to support the evaluation of different multisource processes. An application of the proposed framework to two Istat (Italian national statistical institute) registers in the economic area taken as case studies is presented. These experiences show the potentials of such tool in supporting National Statistical Institutes in assessing multisource statistical production processes.

생애주기로 본 발레 안무가 육성 패러다임 연구: 해외 사례를 중심으로·

Recognizing the dearth of creativity in the Korean ballet field, this study analyzes the efforts of the overseas ballet field to foster ballet choreographers. Through Internet research and interviews, it collected diverse cases and view them on the choreographer’s life cycle paradigm of education-debut-distribution. Each stage of education-debut-distribution is closely intertwined, and its circulation enhances creativity in ballet. What fosters this rapid change in the overseas ballet industry is a sense of crisis that no dancer, choreographer, or company cannot survive unless it becomes versatile. This indicates that overseas ballet field, instead of being trapped in the concept of ‘ballet as genre’, is actively accepting the concepts of ‘ballet as method’, and furthermore, ‘ballet as contemporary dance.’

Do destinations have multiple lifecycles?

This research note tests the proposition empirically that destinations have multiple lifecycles. It studies tourist arrivals to over 200 destination countries and economies over a 35 year period and applies Butler's parameters to map their lifecycles. Six different lifecycle patterns were identified. Empirical findings from this study echo's Baggio's conceptual notation by showcasing that destination lifecycles seems to follow specific traits commensurate with other destinations to form a typology of networked lifecycles. In other words, we go beyond the single-destination lifecycle paradigm to improvise a new research direction that centers on co-occurrence of destination changes that reflect a certain type of lifecycle. It paves the way by introducing the concept of destination coevolution as an analogy to describe lifecycle reciprocity among a cluster of destinations that undergo a similar evolutionary odyssey.

A Study on Big Knowledge and Its Engineering Issues

After entering the big data era, a new term of `big knowledge' has been coined to deal with challenges in mining a mass of knowledge from big data. While researchers used to explore the basic characteristics of big data, we have not seen any studies on the general and essential properties of big knowledge. To fill this gap, this paper studies the concepts of big knowledge, big-knowledge system, and big-knowledge engineering. Ten massiveness characteristics for big knowledge and big-knowledge systems, including massive concepts, connectedness, clean data resources, cases, confidence, capabilities, cumulativeness, concerns, consistency, and completeness, are defined and explored. Based on these characteristics, a comprehensive investigation is conducted on some large-scale knowledge engineering projects, including the Fifth Comprehensive Traffic Survey in Shanghai, the China's Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project, the Troy and Trojan War Project, and the International Human Genome Project, as well as the online free encyclopedia Wikipedia. We also investigate the recent research efforts on knowledge graphs, where they are analyzed to determine which ones can be considered as big knowledge and big-knowledge systems. Further, a definition of big-knowledge engineering and its life cycle paradigm is presented. All of these projects are accordingly checked to determine whether they belong to big-knowledge engineering projects. Finally, the perspectives of big knowledge research are discussed.

Guest Editor's Introduction: Special Section on Services and Software Engineering Towards Internetware

The six papers in this special section focuses on services and software computing. Services computing provides a foundation to build software systems and applications over the Internet as well as emerging hybrid networked platforms motivated by it. Due to the open, dynamic, and evolving nature of the Internet, new features were born with these Internet-scale and service-based software systems. Such systems should be situation- aware, adaptable, and able to evolve to effectively deal with rapid changes of user requirements and runtime contexts. These emerging software systems enable and require novel methods in conducting software requirement, design, deployment, operation, and maintenance beyond existing services computing technologies. New programming and lifecycle paradigms accommodating such Internet- scale and service-based software systems, referred to as Internetware, are inevitable. The goal of this special section is to present the innovative solutions and challenging technical issues, so as to explore various potential pathways towards Internet-scale and service-based software systems.

Low-carbon tourism of small islands responding to climate change

ABSTRACTIsland has been one of the most attractive tourist destinations in the tourism sector. However, the ecosystems of small islands are particularly vulnerable to climate change. The purpose of this research is to compare the importance and performance of low-carbon tourism in five islands of Taiwan and utilizing the life cycle paradigm as a descriptive comparing discussion to provide suggestions for building resilient and sustainable environment to face climate change impact. There are seven factors in low-carbon tourism policy which are “green energy, green transportation, green building, recycling, green economy, education & partnership, and operator certificate & management”. We collected 648 useful questionnaires from Green Island (137), Little Liuqiu (122), Penghu (141), Kinmen (129), and Matsu (119). The results of IPA compared low-carbon policies with evaluation means relatively to suggest suitable strategy for each island. We integrated tourism life cycle to IPA and proposed key aspects of tourism management in development, consolidation, and stagnation stage. In development stage island focuses on green facilities, while for consolidation stage emphasize on the green economy and partnership, and stagnation stage focus on management and resources protection.

Author\u2019s response to commentary on \u201cCarbon balance effects of U.S. biofuel production and use\u201d

The impact of substituting biofuels for fossil fuels on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has been debated for many years. A reason for the lack of resolution is that the method widely used to address the question, lifecycle analysis (LCA), is subjective. Its results irreducibly depend on untestable assumptions, notably those pertaining to system boundaries but also those for representing market effects. The best one can do is empirically constrain estimates of net CO2 impact using data that characterize important aspects of the overall system. Our 2016 paper, “Carbon balance effects of U.S. biofuel production and use,” took such an approach, using field data to estimate the direct CO2 exchanges for a circumscribed vehicle-fuel system over the 2005–2013 period of expanding US biofuel use. De Kleine and colleagues criticize our work because it does not follow LCA conventions, arguing in particular for the primacy of the assumption that biofuels are inherently carbon neutral. This response refutes their critique; it reminds readers why the lifecycle paradigm fails for a dynamic system involving the terrestrial carbon cycle, stresses the need to bound an analysis of key carbon exchanges, and explains why the circular logic of LCA can be so beguiling.

The Role of Requirements In Agile System Realization

AbstractRequirements play a fundamental role in the realization of systems, regardless of the methodology used. Current understanding of requirements usage is strongly influenced by traditional program lifecycle paradigms. This paper highlights the fundamental contribution of requirements to system realization, reviews typical requirements usage, quality attributes and assumptions, and identifies areas where a different perspective on requirements usage can enhance agility.

Software Engineering for Tagging Software

Tagging is integrated into web application to ease maintenance of large amount of information stored in a web application. With no mention of requirement specification or design document for tagging software, academically or otherwise, integrating tagging software in a web application is a tedious task. In this paper, a framework has been created for integration oftagging software in a web application. The framework follows the software development life cycle paradigms and is to be used during it different stages. The requirement component of framework presents a weighted requirement checklist that aids the user in deciding requirement for the tagging software in a web application, from among popular ones. The design component facilitates the developer in understanding the design of existing tagging software, modifying it or developing a new one. Also, the framework helps in verification and validation of tagging software integrated in a web application.

A life cycle framework for the investigation of environmentally benign nanoparticles and products

AbstractWhile significant advances in our understanding of the behavior of engineered nanoparticles in the environment continue, there remains a need to engage the nanoparticle research community directly in the development and evaluation of environmentally benign nanoparticles to ensure that nanomaterial‐based industries emerge as tools for sustainability rather than environmental liabilities. Current research efforts aimed at understanding the environmental implications of nanotechnology emphasize existing groups of nanoparticles and products already in commercial distribution. While this is clearly necessary, this approach fails to identify and address the many tradeoffs associated with product performance and environmental quality. We believe this to be a critical gap in the ongoing exploration of nanostructured materials and their properties and applications. We posit that a number of issues are not being holistically addressed, including resource availability and allocation, manufacturing energy requirements and embodied energy, material efficiency, environmental properties of nanomaterials and nanoproducts, and waste generation. An interdisciplinary approach to research, based on the life cycle paradigm and devoted to the identification, investigation, synthesis, testing, and analysis of groups of new, more environmentally conscious nanoparticles is needed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Transport and mixing of chemical air masses in idealized baroclinic life cycles

The transport, mixing, and three‐dimensional evolution of chemically distinct air masses within growing baroclinic waves are studied in idealized, high‐resolution, life cycle experiments using suitably initialized passive tracers, contrasting the two well‐known life cycle paradigms, distinguished by predominantly anticyclonic (LC1) or cyclonic (LC2) flow at upper levels. Stratosphere‐troposphere exchange differs significantly between the two life cycles. Specifically, transport from the stratosphere into the troposphere is significantly larger for LC2 (typically by 50%), due to the presence of large and deep cyclonic vortices that create a wider surf zone than for LC1. In contrast, the transport of tropospheric air into the stratosphere is nearly identical between the two life cycles. The mass of boundary layer air uplifted into the free troposphere is similar for both life cycles, but much more is directly injected into the stratosphere in the case of LC1 (fourfold, approximately). However, the total mixing of boundary layer with stratospheric air is larger for LC2, owing to the presence of the deep cyclonic vortices that entrain and mix both boundary layer air from the surface and stratospheric air from the upper levels. For LC1, boundary layer and stratospheric air are brought together by smaller cyclonic structures that develop on the poleward side of the jet in the lower part of the middleworld, resulting in correspondingly weaker mixing. As both the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation are correlated with the relative frequency of life cycle behaviors, corresponding changes in chemical transport and mixing are to be expected.

The Financial Growth Life Cycle: An Empirical Examination of Irish SMEs

This paper examines the financing of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs hereafter) through a financial growth life cycle paradigm. Reporting the financing patterns of 299 Irish SMEs across six age categories, the relative importance of sources of debt and equity finance for each age category is revealed. Observed financing patterns incorporate elements of agency and pecking order theories, and emphasise the primary importance of internal equity in financing of the firm. Results suggest support for the financial growth life cycle, although contrary to conventional wisdom firms in the youngest age category report a relatively high use of debt finance. This may be explained by the provision of the personal assets of the firm owner to secure that debt.

Introduction of Hybrid and Diesel Vehicles

The positions of the diesel and hybrid light-duty passenger vehicles in the technology adoption life cycle are examined with a mid-2004 stated preference study of 1,036 households. Implications of the technology life cycle for historical consumer preference estimates obtained for use in prior models of market share are briefly discussed. The hypothetical life-cycle segments addressed in this paper are early adopters, early buyers, and majority buyers. Survey respondents are segmented into subgroups, or markets, in light of hypothesized attributes of consumers within the product life cycle. Emphasis is placed on delineating the preferences of new instead of used vehicle buyer segments. These categories are compared with the five categories in the high-tech technology adoption life-cycle paradigm of G. Moore. One purpose of the analysis is to use the survey as a test of the reasonableness of the three categories used here. The implications of the survey for use of the rational buyer model of consumer trade-offs of incremental new vehicle capital cost (of a diesel or hybrid) against reduced fuel cost are addressed. Competition of desires for fuel efficiency, acceleration, and towing is also addressed, as are the effects of gender, income, education, and age.

Introduction of Hybrid and Diesel Vehicles: Status Within the Life Cycle of Technology Adoption

The positions of the diesel and hybrid light-duty passenger vehicles in the technology adoption life cycle are examined with a mid-2004 stated preference study of 1,036 households. Implications of the technology life cycle for historical consumer preference estimates obtained for use in prior models of market share are briefly discussed. The hypothetical life-cycle segments addressed in this paper are early adopters, early buyers, and majority buyers. Survey respondents are segmented into subgroups, or markets, in light of hypothesized attributes of consumers within the product life cycle. Emphasis is placed on delineating the preferences of new instead of used vehicle buyer segments. These categories are compared with the five categories in the high-tech technology adoption life-cycle paradigm of G. Moore. One purpose of the analysis is to use the survey as a test of the reasonableness of the three categories used here. The implications of the survey for use of the rational buyer model of consumer trade-offs of incremental new vehicle capital cost (of a diesel or hybrid) against reduced fuel cost are addressed. Competition of desires for fuel efficiency, acceleration, and towing is also addressed, as are the effects of gender, income, education, and age.

Stratospheric influence on baroclinic lifecycles and its connection to the Arctic Oscillation

Using an idealized primitive equation model, we investigate how stratospheric conditions alter the development of baroclinic instability in the troposphere. Starting from the lifecycle paradigm of Thorncroft et al., we consider the evolution of baroclinic lifecycles resulting from the addition of a stratospheric jet to the LC1 initial condition. We find that the addition of the stratospheric jet yields a net surface geopotential height anomaly that strongly resembles the Arctic Oscillation. With the additional modification of the tropospheric winds to resemble the high‐AO climatology, the surface response is amplified by a factor 10 and, though dominated by the tropospheric changes, shows similar sensitivity to the stratospheric conditions.

A Concept of Teaching Model-Based Condition Monitoring

Maintaining the technical currency becomes one of the challenging tasks facing industrial professionals. There is a strong need to extend the traditional topics such as feedback control, with topics concerning condition monitoring and automatic fault diagnosis. A framework for disseminating basic underlying knowledge through the life-cycle paradigm is presented. The paper addresses the design requirements and practical guidelines with experimental validation on laboratory test processes. The approach should help the practitioners to better understand the potentials of model-based fault diagnosis in industrial practice.

The Crowded Bed: An Effective Framework for Doing Couple Therapy • 101 More Interventions in Family Therapy

The Crowded Bed: An Effective Framework for Doing Couple Therapy • 101 More Interventions in Family Therapy

Transport of Passive Tracers in Baroclinic Wave Life Cycles

The transport of passive tracers in idealized baroclinic wave life cycles is studied using output from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model (CCM2). Two life cycles, LCn and LCs, are simulated, starting with baroclinically unstable initial conditions similar to those used by Thorncroft et al. in their study of two life cycle paradigms. The two life cycles LCn and LCs have different initial horizontal wind shear structures that result in distinctive nonlinear development. In terms of potential vorticity-potential temperature (PV-theta) diagnostics, the LCn case is characterized by thinning troughs that are advected anti-cyclonically and equatorward, while the LCs case has broadening troughs that wrap up cyclonically and poleward. Four idealized passive tracers are included in the model to be advected by the semi-Lagrangian transport scheme of the CCM2, and their evolutions are investigated throughout the life cycles. Tracer budgets are analyzed in terms of the transformed Eulerian mean constituent transport formalism in pressure coordinates and also in isentropic coordinates. Results for both LCn and LCs show transport that is downgradient with respect to the background structure of the tracer field, but with a characteristic spatial structure that maximizes in the middle to high latitudes. For the idealized tropospheric tracers in this study, this represents a net upward and poleward transport that enhances concentrations at high latitudes. These results vary little with the initial distribution of the constituent field. The time tendency of the tracer is influenced most strongly by the eddy flux term. with the largest transport occurring during the nonlinear growth stage of the life cycle. The authors also study the transport of a lower-stratospheric tracer, to examine stratosphere-troposphere exchange for baroclinic waves.