Province Of Liege Research Articles

Structuration spatiale des nouvelles formes de distribution pour la transition des systèmes alimentaires. Le cas de la province de Liège, Belgique

Les innovations agri-alimentaires peuvent contribuer à la transition écologique. Pourtant, la dimension spatiale de leur développement reste peu abordée dans la littérature sur les transitions, et les initiatives marchandes qui lui sont associées sont ignorées des travaux sur les environnements alimentaires. Cet article vise à caractériser la diversité des initiatives existantes ainsi qu’à identifier de potentielles inégalités d’accès à ces circuits de distribution à partir d’une étude de 214 initiatives de commercialisation de produits alimentaires locaux dans la province de Liège en Belgique. Les données ont été collectées entre janvier 2018 et mai 2021 par enquête téléphonique. Nous avons établi une typologie des initiatives au moyen d’une analyse factorielle multiple suivie d’une classification ascendante hiérarchique, puis caractérisé les profil d’initiatives et l’environnement commercial et sociodémographique dans lequel sont implantés les points de vente associés. Trois profils d’initiatives ont été identifiés : (i) un réseau de points de dépôts portés par des collectifs citoyens et associatifs, (ii) des commerçants combinant approvisionnements en circuits longs et courts et (iii) des agriculteurs et artisans en vente directe qui mutualisent leurs ventes. Les points de vente des différents profils d’initiatives se caractérisent par des environnements sociodémographiques et commerciaux différents, soulignant leur complémentarité. Nous avons mis à jour une différenciation socio-spatiale dans l’accessibilité physique aux points de vente d’initiative de commercialisation de produits alimentaires locaux qui interroge quant à la dimension inclusive de la transition écologique.

Background contamination of perfluoralkyl substances in a Belgian general population

The few Belgian studies on the human exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have until now concerned the Northern part of Belgium (Flanders), while data related to Wallonia (South region) are missing. To fill this gap, 8 perfluorinated carboxylic acids and 3 perfluorinated alkyl sulfonates were measured in the serum of 242 adults (>18 years old) recruited in 2015 and living in the Province of Liege. Some multivariate regression models were also built with the PFAS levels and the participant’s answers to a questionnaire about their diet and lifestyle habits in order to identify some predictors of exposure. The results obtained showed that although PFAS levels observed in our population seemed to be similar or lower than those reported in other countries, and especially lower than in the Northern part of Belgium, half of the population showed PFOS and PFOA serum levels above the health guidance values set by the German HBM Commission. As expected, age and gender were the main covariates explaining the different PFAS serum levels between participants, while breastfeeding (for women), consumption of fish and seafood, consumption of rice, and use of nail polish seemed also to impact the PFAS body burden of our population. Nevertheless, the statistical models were poorly predictive suggesting that the main sources of exposure were not taken into account.

Energy consumption assessment due to the mobility of inhabitants and multiannual prospective on the horizon 2030–2050 in one Belgium city

In the context of sustainable development, the environmental aspects of urban areas are taken into account by correlating them with their energy consumption. The purpose of this research is to collect and analyze the energy consumption data due to the transport in Belgium, and more precisely in the Liege province. But, also to make forecasts of these same consumptions to the horizon 2030–2050. The methodology chosen allow to model and improve the energy consumption for city-wide transports and to forecast the evolution of city energy consumption to simulate the effects of certain urban development strategies. We focus here on the city of Liege which we will compare the different data of energy consumption with those of other cities. The analysis of the impacts of mobility on energy consumption and greenhouse gas was based on seven scenarios established through several surveys and researches. The results showed that the daily mobility of inhabitants has a significant effect on CO2 emission and energy consumption. It is necessary to act in the long term by encouraging public transport such as vehicles with low energy consumption. The energy consumption in transportation sector can decrease up-to 19%, by reducing between 10% and 20%, of displacement by private car, and an increase up to 60%, both combined displacement by bike (for the distances small than 12 km), and walking (distances small than 1 km).

Quantifying emergency department crowding: comparison between two scores

Introduction: Emergency department (ED) crowding is a major international concern with a negative impact on both patient care and providers. Currently, there is no consensus regarding measure of crowding. Therefore, emergency physicians have to choose between numerous scoring systems, from simple to more complex. The aim of the present study was to compare the complex National Emergency Department Overcrowding Scale (NEDOCS) with the simple ED Occupancy rate (OR) determination. We further evaluated the correlation between these scores and a qualitative assessment of crowding.Method: This study was conducted in two academic and one regional hospital in Liege Province, in Belgium; each accounting for an ED census of over 40,000 patient visits per year. Crowding measures were sampled four times a day, over a two-week period, in January 2016.Results: ED staff considered overcrowding as a major concern in the three ED. Median OR ranged from 68 to 100, while NEDOCS ranged from 64.5 to 76.3. A significant correlation was found in each ED between the OR and the NEDOCS (Pearson r = 0.973, 0.974 and 0.972), as well as between the OR, the NEDOCS and the subjective evaluation by the ED staff (p = 0.001).Conclusion: Crowding evaluation in ED requires validated scores. Our study in three different hospitals demonstrates that simple OR appeared as accurate as more sophisticated NEDOCS. Furthermore, this measure is perfectly correlated with the feeling of ED staff.

The current environmental levels of endocrine disruptors (mercury, cadmium, organochlorine pesticides and PCBs) in a Belgian adult population and their predictors of exposure.

A human biomonitoring study was carried out measuring the levels of endocrine disruptors in 252 participants (18-76 years old) recruited between February and May 2015 from the general population of Liege Province (Belgium). In this study, we reported the recent levels of cadmium and mercury in urine, some organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in serum, and their relations to demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors and dietary habits. The median urinary levels of mercury and cadmium were 0.81μg/l and <0.5μg/l respectively. The mercury levels were higher in participants having at least 3 dental amalgams, and consuming sea fish more than once a week. Although our mercury levels in most participants were lower than some health-based guidelines, they were higher than in our neighboring countries where ban or restrictions on the dental amalgams use were implemented. Urinary cadmium levels in current smokers were significantly higher than former or never smokers, as well as non-smokers for passively exposed vs non-exposed ones. Median PCB-153 and -180 serum levels were 53.8 and 41.1ng/g lipid respectively, but PCB-138 was below the limit of quantification of 0.15μg/l in 49% of the samples. Among the organochlorine pesticides, 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (4,4'-DDE), beta-hexachlorohexane and hexachlorobenzene were positively detected respectively in 48%, 49% and 37% of the serum samples. Eventhough, a dramatic decrease in organochlorines levels was observed, at least 1 pesticide or PCB was detected in 96% of our population, and more than 50% of our samples were contaminated by 4 or more organochlorines. Age, body mass index, and breastfeeding duration were the most predictive determinants of pesticide or PCB serum concentrations, but not dietary habits.

Revision and updating of the antiarch (Placodermi, Vertebrata) fauna from the Devonian of Belgium with palaeobiogeographical considerations

Anatomical, systematic, and paleobiogeographical data on the Devonian antiarchs from Belgium are reviewed, updated and completed thanks to new data from the field and re-examination of paleontological collections. The material of Bothriolepis lohesti is enhanced and the species redescribed in more detail. An undetermined species of Bothriolepis is recorded from the Famennian of Modave (Liege Province), one species of Asterolepis redescribed from the Givetian of Hingeon and another one described from the Givetian of Mazy (Namur Province). Grossilepis rikiki sp. nov. is recorded from the Famennian tetrapod-bearing locality of Strud (Namur Province) and from the Famennian of Moresnet (Liege Province). It is the first occurrence of Grossilepis after the Frasnian and on the central southern coast of the Euramerican continent. Its occurrence in the Famennian of Belgium may be the result of a late arrival from the Moscow Platform and the Baltic Depression, where the genus is known from Frasnian deposits. Remigol...

04 – Prevalence of overweight and obesity in elementary-school children from the Belgian province of Liege

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05 – Abdominal obesity in children aged 12 years: a cross-sectional study in the Belgian province of Liege

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Incidencia y prevalencia en enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal crónica: Estudio asturiano en cinco áreas (EIICEA). España

To know and to compare Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Incidence and Prevalence rates in in five areas of Asturias (Spain). We conducted a prospective epidemiologic study of IBD in the Province of Liege (1 million inhabitants). We conducted a descriptive, populational, collaborative epidemiologic study, retrospective between 1954 and 1993 and prospective between 1994 and 1997. All patients diagnosed according to a standard protocol for case ascertainment and definition of IBD, aged 14 years or more are included, in five areas of Asturias (Spain) (461,965 inhabitants). For the period 1954 to 1997, 1018 IBD have been diagnosed [565 ulcerative colitis (UC) (55.5%), 415 Crohn's disease (CD) (40.8%) and 38 undefined IBD (IC) (3.7%)]; [482 women (47.2%), 536 males (52.8%)]. In the 4 year-prospective period, 306 cases were collected: 176 UC (57.51%), 110 CD (35.94) and 20 IC (6.53%); UC/CD: 1.6. Without appreciable and significant differences between Frequency of illness groups and sexes. IBD incidence rate (per 100,000 per year) (1954-97) is 5.12 (95% CI = 3.05-7.18) (UC: 2.84; CD: 2.08; IC: 0.19; UC/CD 1.36). In the 4 years- prospective study, IBD incidence rate is 16.55 (95% CI = 12.84-20.25), (UC: 9.52; CD: 5.95; IC: 1.08; UC/CD: 1.6). IBD prevalence rate in 1997 is 205.21 (95% CI = 182.14-227.29), (UC: 109.96; CD: 87.45; IC: 7.79). Comparisons have settled down among the studied areas, without finding differences statistically significant. Inflammatory Bowel Disease incidence and prevalence rates of in our region are homogeneous between the cities investigated and superior than those historically reported in Spanish studies. These results were similar to those observed in European studies.

Une approche intégrée du vieillissement dans deux villes sidérurgiques : Denain (Nord - Pas-de-Calais) et Seraing (Province de Liège)

An integrated Approach to Ageing in two Iron and Steel Metallurgy Cities : Denain (Nord Pas-de-Calais) and Seraing (Province of Liege). In this article we explore the consequences of ageing in two localities located in heavy industry basins from a demographic point of view as well as from the angle of labour. Although Denain and Seraing were built according to comparable development logic in the 19th century, today they respond to unequal forms of recomposition of the economic fabric. They constitute privileged observatories for a comparative analysis of a supra-ageing of the population focusing on : a particularity resulting from the historical perspective of the supra-baby boom, a labour market that is artificially "young", due to early retirement; the response to social management of the structural crisis. Rather than a comparison of situations, we propose a line of reflection, exploring the very notion of ageing, which includes processes that are sometimes quite dynamic and the abilities of these two industrial cities to revive themselves on the basis of population structure with nuanced demographie behaviours, capable of themselves interacting on the evolution of the profile of the remaining active population.

Upper Cretaceous cirripedes from N.E. Belgium

Among twelve species of cirripedes recognised from the Upper Cretaceous of Liege Province, N.E. Belgium, nine are recorded from the Campanian of that province for the first time. Two new Campanian species, Cretiscalpellum obtusum and Stramentwn biplicatum , are described. Brachylepas naissanti (Hebert, 1842) and Cretiscalpellum striatum (Darwin, 1851) are recorded from the Belgium Maastrichtian for the first time and the known range of the latter species is extended.

Hemoglobin D-Los Angeles [beta 121(GH4)Glu----Gln] in the Province of Liège, Belgium.

Since 1975, more than 19,000 persons have been tested for hemoglobin abnormalities in Liège. Nine unrelated carriers of Hb D-Los Angeles were discovered. They were of Belgian origin. The family of the ninth index case was studied thoroughly. In six generations, 372 descendants of a couple married in 1818 were recorded. Of the 93 tested, 31 were carriers of the Hb D variant. The complete pedigree indicates that Hb D-Los Angeles was already present in Liege province in the 18th century. A connection with India is unlikely.

Mixed Song, Interspecific Competition and Hybridisation in the Reed and Marsh Warblers (Acrocephalus Scirpaceus and Palustris)

[1) Three Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) with a mixed scirpaceus-palustris song, settled into the dry habitat of a Marsh Warbler (A. palustris) colony in the Liege Province of eastern Belgium in 1974 and 1975. One was established in a mixed population of Reed and Marsh Warblers, and the other two, whose songs were extensively tape-recorded, defended territories inside a large population of Marsh Warblers. 2) The mixed songs consisted of a succession of rather short fragments of song of both species, directly juxtaposed. The palustris phrases contrasted with the scirpaceus phrases not only by their highly mimetic nature, but also in their more liquid timbre, more rapid delivery and rhythmic characteristics. In both mixed singers established in the large Marsh Warbler colony, the palustris song occupied longer sequences and was thus predominant over the scirpaceus element. 3) Observation and playback experiments showed that the mixed songs provoked reactions by individuals of both species, and the Reed Warbler mixed singers reacted to the normal song of both species. But Reed and Marsh Warblers with normal songs reacted only to the song of their own species. Various considerations suggest that the mixed singers had probably learnt the song of the Marsh Warbler during their postfledging period. 4) A Reed Warbler mixed singer, established in the colony in 1975, paired with a female Marsh Warbler. The breeding cycle of the mixed pair proceeded normally until both parents abandoned the nestlings at six days old. This was apparently the result of food shortage during a period of very unfavourable weather, which also affected a large proportion of the breeding pairs of Marsh Warbler. 5) Hybridisation is most easily explained by assuming that the female was as attracted by the mixed song as by the normal song of her own species, given that the territorial male Marsh Warblers reacted strongly to it. The close similarities in the breeding behaviour of both species are discussed, as well as the considerable overlap in ecological requirements. Comparative studies of mixed breeding populations are needed to evaluate the degree of inter-specific competition, and to detect more possible cases of mixed song and hybridisation., 1) Three Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) with a mixed scirpaceus-palustris song, settled into the dry habitat of a Marsh Warbler (A. palustris) colony in the Liege Province of eastern Belgium in 1974 and 1975. One was established in a mixed population of Reed and Marsh Warblers, and the other two, whose songs were extensively tape-recorded, defended territories inside a large population of Marsh Warblers. 2) The mixed songs consisted of a succession of rather short fragments of song of both species, directly juxtaposed. The palustris phrases contrasted with the scirpaceus phrases not only by their highly mimetic nature, but also in their more liquid timbre, more rapid delivery and rhythmic characteristics. In both mixed singers established in the large Marsh Warbler colony, the palustris song occupied longer sequences and was thus predominant over the scirpaceus element. 3) Observation and playback experiments showed that the mixed songs provoked reactions by individuals of both species, and the Reed Warbler mixed singers reacted to the normal song of both species. But Reed and Marsh Warblers with normal songs reacted only to the song of their own species. Various considerations suggest that the mixed singers had probably learnt the song of the Marsh Warbler during their postfledging period. 4) A Reed Warbler mixed singer, established in the colony in 1975, paired with a female Marsh Warbler. The breeding cycle of the mixed pair proceeded normally until both parents abandoned the nestlings at six days old. This was apparently the result of food shortage during a period of very unfavourable weather, which also affected a large proportion of the breeding pairs of Marsh Warbler. 5) Hybridisation is most easily explained by assuming that the female was as attracted by the mixed song as by the normal song of her own species, given that the territorial male Marsh Warblers reacted strongly to it. The close similarities in the breeding behaviour of both species are discussed, as well as the considerable overlap in ecological requirements. Comparative studies of mixed breeding populations are needed to evaluate the degree of inter-specific competition, and to detect more possible cases of mixed song and hybridisation.]

A Centre for Research and Information on Collective Economy in the Province of Liege

Annals of Public and Cooperative EconomicsVolume 20, Issue 2 p. 105-109 A Centre for Research and Information on Collective Economy in the Province of Liege Edgard MILHAUD, Edgard MILHAUDSearch for more papers by this author Edgard MILHAUD, Edgard MILHAUDSearch for more papers by this author First published: May 1949 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.1949.tb01575.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume20, Issue2May 1949Pages 105-109 RelatedInformation

Review of the Classification of the Palæozoic Formations adopted by M. Dumont for the Geological Map of Belgium, with Reference to its Applicability to this Country

The division of the palaeozoic series adopted by M. Dumont for the beautiful Geological Map of Belgium, which he has just completed by order of the Belgian Government, must necessarily produce a change in many of the views of English geologists; since he has now worked out, by the strict evidence of superposition, the order of the formations lying between the old unfossiliferous slates of the Ardennes and the Carboniferous series, while the unconnected position of those formations in England has prevented us from ascertaining their relative ages with certainty. Having had the advantage, in company with several of our colleagues, of discussing with M. Dumont the value of his divisions and of inspecting the fossils collected from them, I hasten to bring the matter to the notice of the Society, that the valuable results of M. Dumont's labours may be made known and applied here. The following extract from M. Dumont's “Tableau des Terrains de la Belgique” contains the description of the older stratified rocks, from the Coal-measures down to the unfossiliferous slates of the Ardennes:— In the above table there are two important alterations of the views published by M. Dumont in 1830 in the well-known Memoir on the Province of Liege, which have an important bearing on our English classification. In the memoir of 1830 the Systeme quartzo-schisteux inferieur , following next below the limestone since identified with that of the Eifel and of South Devonshire, was divided into an upper division of red sandstone with conglomerate, and