Lidocaine For Prevention Of Pain Research Articles

Lidocaine in prevention of pain on propofol anesthetic induction: A randomized double-blinded clinical trial to estimate the magnitude of the effect

Sedation with propofol is a part of the anesthetic induction procedure because it provides anxiolysis, amnesia and hypnosis; however, up to 5% of patients have pain at propofol injection and of these, 1% of them have severe or excruciating pain.

A comparison of tramadol, sufentanil, meperidine, and lidocaine in prevention of pain due to rocuronium injection

Alleviation of the pain resulting from injection of rocuronium during anesthesia is still an unsolved problem. We aimed to compare the analgesic effects of sufentanil, tramadol, meperidine, and lidocaine on the pain from injection of rocuronium. Materials and methods: This prospective randomized double-blind study included 200 patients with ASA I-II. After a tourniquet was applied to the forearm, patients received 50 mg of tramadol (group T), 10 µg of sufentanil (group S), 40 mg of meperidine (group M), or 30 mg of lidocaine (group L). The tourniquet was released after 20 s and rocuronium was injected over 10 to 15 s. The patients were asked whether the injection caused pain or not. Side effects were recorded. Results: The incidence of injection pain was highest in group T. Severe pain was most frequently encountered in group S. Lidocaine was the most effective analgesic in alleviating the injection pain while sufentanil was the least effective drug (P < 0.05). Erythema was the common side effect at the injection site in group M and arrhythmia was observed in group T. Conclusion: The analgesic effect of meperidine was not significantly superior to that of the other drugs. Lidocaine seemed to be the most effective analgesic drug for minimizing the pain due to rocuronium injection.

Comparison of diphenhydramine and lidocaine for prevention of pain after injection of propofol

Pain on injection is still a problem with propofol. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of diphenhydramine and lidocaine on pain caused by propofol at the site of injection. One hundred and eighty ASA I-II adults undergoing elective surgery were randomly assigned into three groups of 60 each. Group I (placebo) received 2 mL normal saline, Group II received 2 mL (40 mg) 2% lidocaine and Group III received 2 mL (20 mg) diphenhydramine intravenously (i.v.) during a 1-min venous occlusion, followed by propofol into a cephalic forearm vein of the antecubital fossa. Pain assessment was made immediately after propofol injection. In the placebo group 25 (41.7%) patients experienced pain during propofol injection as compared to 2 (3.3%) and 3 (5.0%) in the lidocaine and diphenhydramine groups, respectively. The prevalence of pain and pain score were significantly less in both the lidocaine and diphenhydramine groups than in the placebo group (P = 0.00). No difference was found between the diphenhydramine and lidocaine groups (P = 0.60). Previous injection of diphenhydramine with venous occlusion can be considered as an alternative to lidocaine for reducing the prevalence of pain caused by injection of propofol into peripheral veins.