Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index Research Articles

Evaluation of the Environmental Risk Factors and Comorbidities in Patients with Lichen Planopilaris: A Case-Control Study

Introduction: Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is an uncommon cicatricial alopecia clinically characterized by follicular hyperkeratosis, perifollicular erythema, and permanent hair loss. The association of LPP with certain underlying diseases and environmental factors has been evaluated but there are limited data about this association. This study was designated to evaluate the environmental risk factors and comorbidities in LPP patients. Method: This case-control study was performed on LPP patients referred to two dermatology referral centers from 2019 to 2022. A group of non-LPP healthy individuals referring for cosmetic concerns was recruited as control group. Data collection was performed using two questionnaires: a general questionnaire, including demographic information, comorbidities, environmental risk factors, and disease-related information, and the lichen planopilaris activity index (LPPAI) questionnaire. Results: One hundred LPP patients as case group were compared with 100 healthy people without LPP as control group. Unemployment, history of major stressful events, thyroid disorder, history of hair dyeing, using face soaps, taking supplements, postmenopausal status, and family history of LPP or other types of alopecia had significant relationship with LPP (all p values <0.05). Conclusion: LPP has associations with environmental and non-environmental risk factors and, also, genetic component.

Platelet-rich plasma as a new and successful treatment for lichen planopilaris: A controlled blinded randomized clinical trial.

Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is one of the most common causes of scarring hair loss caused by immune-mediated inflammation resulting in atrophy and scaling. The key to preventing this irreversible hair loss is diagnosing and starting treatment at the earliest possible stage. As there is no definite cure for LPP, the therapy could be challenging. In the study, we conducted a single-blinded randomized clinical trial to evaluate the therapeutic effects, safety, and tolerability of platelet-rich plasma versus topical clobetasol in the treatment of LPP. A randomized single-blinded controlled clinical trial was conducted in 24 LPP patients referring to our dermatology clinic between August 2022 and March 2023. Patients in the control group were treated with topical clobetasol 0.05% applied at night, and patients in the case group, in addition to topical clobetasol, received three sessions of PRP injection monthly. Both groups were assessed 1, 2, and 6 months after the start of the study by the Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index (LPPAI), physician and patient satisfaction, tolerability, and recording adverse effects. The average age in the clobetasol and PRP groups was 43.75 ± 13.51 and 42.75 ± 9.67, respectively (p = 0.83). In terms of gender, all 12 cases (100%) in the clobetasol group and 9 cases (75%) in the PRP group were female (p = 0.21). Both PRP and topical clobetasol effectively reduced LPPAI in the first 2 months; however, after 6 months, the LPPAI significantly increased in the clobetasol group (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in LPPAI between the two groups at the beginning of the study and after 1 month. However, the mean LPPAI score in the clobetasol group was significantly higher than in the PRP group at 2 and 6 months after the start of the study (p = 0.01). Patient satisfaction with treatment increased in both groups during follow-up sessions, but at the end of the follow-up period, it was significantly higher in the PRP group (p = 0.03). Finally, the study did not have any serious adverse effects, and the pain experienced during PRP injection was tolerable for the patients. Overall, treatment tolerability was excellent in both groups. Given the different efficacy profiles, PRP could be considered a new and effective choice for the treatment of LPP.

Clinical Effectiveness of Two Old Immunosuppressant Drugs, Methotrexate and Azathioprine, in the Treatment of Lichen Planopilaris: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background. Lichen planopilaris is the leading cause of cicatricial alopecia, and its management is challenging for dermatologists. It is a cell‐mediated autoimmune disorder in which activated T‐lymphocytes attack hair follicles. Aim. To compare the efficacy and safety of methotrexate versus azathioprine, two medications that affect lymphocyte function, in treating LPP. Methods. 32 LPP patients were randomly assigned to receive either 15 mg/week methotrexate or 2 mg/kg azathioprine for six months. Treatment efficacy was evaluated using the Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index (LPPAI), trichoscopy, and photography after 2, 4, and 6 months of treatment. Results. Both methotrexate and azathioprine groups showed significant improvements in LPPAI (P &lt; 0.001) and perifollicular scaling on trichoscopy (P &lt; 0.01). However, the two groups had no significant difference during the study. The azathioprine group significantly improved perifollicular erythema on trichoscopy (P = 0.002), but this was not significantly different from the methotrexate group (P = 0.69). Photographic assessment showed that more than 75% of patients in both groups improved without significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion. Methotrexate and azathioprine are two antilymphocyte medications which are both equally effective and well‐tolerated for managing LPP. This trial is registered with IRCT20191006045005N2.

A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Medical Therapies for Lichen Planopilaris

Background: Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a primary chronic lymphocytic cutaneous disorder that selectively destroys the hair follicles, resulting in scarring alopecia. Unfortunately, current available treatments are not fully effective to stop hair loss, and the level of evidence for medical interventions is weak. Objectives: The present article aimed to determine the efficacy of the different medical interventions in LPP through a network meta-analysis (NMA). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed including randomized trials that report the outcomes of lichen planopilaris activity index (LPPAI). These articles were pooled and a NMA was conducted. Results: A total of seven studies were identified and included in meta-analysis, comprising 251 LPP patients. The NMA showed the mean difference in LLPAI was significantly superior with the combination of clobetasol plus N-acetylcysteine (mean difference: −2.0, 95% CI = −3.43 to −0.51) and the combination of clobetasol plus pentoxifylline (mean difference: −1.62, 95% CI = −3.0 to −0.25) compared to the treatment of reference (clobetasol). The NMA showed cyclosporine (mean difference: 2.05 95% CI = 0.68–3.49), methotrexate (mean difference: 1.95 95% CI = 1.23–3.17), the combination of methotrexate plus prednisolone (mean difference: 1.56 95% CI = 0.25–2.96) were significantly worse than hydroxychloroquine according to the differences in LLPAI. Conclusion: This work is the first NMA in LPP and hence, it can be helpful in serving as an initial step toward better evidence-based decisions in the treatment of this challenging condition. We propose a triple-combined approach consisting of topical clobetasol, hydroxychloroquine, and N-acetylcysteine as resulted in the most effective approach. Considering the poor outcomes observed with pioglitazone, mycophenolate mofetil, and cyclosporine, it is advisable to contemplate the use of these medications in patients who have not responded adequately to more efficacious alternatives.

Comparative Efficacy Study Combination of Oral Methotrexate and Prednisolone versus Oral Methotrexate in Patients with Lichen Planopilaris.

Background Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a rare inflammatory disorder of the scalp that causes cicatricial alopecia. No therapeutic approach has been approved for this disease due to the rare frequency. Methotrexate and corticosteroid are commonly considered second- or third-line therapy. The efficacy of a combination of methotrexate and corticosteroid has been reported in some dermatological and immunological diseases. However, the efficacy of this combination in LPP is not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the impact of methotrexate alone and in combination with corticosteroid on LPP. Materials and Methods This randomized clinical trial was performed on 28 patients who referred to the dermatology clinic affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran during February 2015-December 2016, and 24 of them completed the trials. Fourteen patients received 15 mg methotrexate per week alone and the other fourteen subjects received 200 mg prednisolone plus 15 mg methotrexate per week. The primary outcome was Lichen planopilaris activity index (LPPAI) score. Moreover, we evaluated photographic changes and symptoms during the study. Results The mean of LPPAI in both groups decreased during the follow-up with a similar pattern of LPPAI changes in both groups. No statistically significant difference was found between the two intervention groups regarding the LPPAI score. We found no difference in the symptoms and photographic assessments in methotrexate and combination therapy groups during follow-up. In both groups, exclusively one adverse effect was reported. Conclusions Our results showed that methotrexate therapy with and without corticosteroids had similar efficacy and safety.

Clinical efficacy of mychophenolate mofetil in treating lichen planopilaris.

Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of hair without a proven effective and safe treatment. To objectively assess the clinical efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in patients suffering from LPP, a retrospective cohort study was conducted on 52 patients who treated with MMF (2g/day) at least for 6months. LPP activity index (LPPAI) before and after treatment was calculated and compared. Most of the patients were female and belonged to the age group of 50-60 years. All of the disease activity indices were significantly improved after 6months of therapy (p< 0.001). The majority of patients had LPPAI 4-6 and 0-2, before and after treatment, respectively. After 6months of treatment, half of patients showed a disease activity decrease (LPPAI reduced >25% compared to the baseline value). Systemic MMF is an effective and relatively safe treatment modality for patients with LPP and could lead to significant reduction in disease activity regarding both subjective and objective indices.

Efficacy, safety, tolerability, and satisfaction of N-acetylcysteine and pentoxifylline in lichen planopilaris patients under treatment with topical clobetasol: A triple arm blinded randomized controlled trial.

Lichen planoplaris (LPP) is one of the most common causes of inflammatory cicatricial alopecias. There is no definitive cure for the disease and most of the available therapeutic options can potentially lead to serious complications following their use for extended durations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and pentoxyfillin (PTX), as adjunctive therapies, in the management of LPP. In a randomized, assessor- and analyst-blinded controlled trial, patients with proven LPP were randomly assigned to three groups of 10. Group I (the control group) received clobetasol 0.05%lotion; Group II, a combination of clobetasol 0.05% lotion and oral PTX; Group III, a combination of clobetasol lotion 0.05% and oral NAC. Lichen planopilaris activity index (LPPAI), the possible side effects, tolerability and patients satisfaction were assessed before and two and four months after the initiation of the treatments. Thirty patients, 96.7% women, with a mean age of 46.8 ± 13.3 years old, were included in the study. Four months into the treatments, the overall LPPAI and the severity and/or frequency of most of its determinants significantly decreased in all groups. In a comparison among the groups, patients who received either of the combination therapies showed more decline in their LPPAI than those receiving only clobetasol. The decline was more noticeable and statistically significant only in the NAC group. Three patients in the PTX group developed complications that were not statistically significant when compared with the other groups. There were no substantial differences in the tolerability of the treatments among the study arms. The use of oral NAC and PTX added to the therapeutic efficacy of topical clobetasol in the treatment of LPP, suggesting that they might be beneficial and safe adjuvant therapies and add to the efficacy of topical treatment without any noticeable impact on the adverse effects experienced by patients.

A prospective pilot study of narrowband UV-B treatment of lichen planopilaris

A prospective pilot study of narrowband UV-B treatment of lichen planopilaris

Platelet Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia (FFA) represents a form of scaring alopecia more frequent in postmenopausal women that presents with frontal hairline recession. It is typically classified as a variant of lichen planopilaris. Treatment of FFA can be challenging with poor long-term outcomes. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) consists of an autologous concentration of platelets in a small volume of plasma. Activated platelets secrete cytokines and growth factors and thus may have a potential role in the treatment of inflammatory scarring alopecia such as FFA. A 68-year-old female with multi-resistant FFA was treated with lesional PRP injections every 4 weeks for 16 weeks. Baseline LPPAI score and phototrichograms targeting a representative area of disease activity were compared at baseline and at 16 weeks. After 16 weeks, no significant change in follicular units or follicular density from baseline to week 16 was noted. Only a minimal improvement in inflammatory activity observed clinically and through the Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index was observed. The discordance between the follicular density count and observed inflammatory activity suggests a longer treatment and observational period is needed. Additionally, the frequency of PRP injections potentially may also need to be increased. Given the limited efficacy of current therapies for FFA, PRP injections may be an option in patients with refractory disease, as an adjunct to systemic therapy. Additional investigation is needed to optimize frequency of PRP injections in FFA and to better assess its true anti-inflammatory effect.

Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution: A retrospective cohort study.

Fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution (FAPD) is a primary cicatricial alopecia considered a subtype of lichen planopilaris (LPP). The clinical and histopathological features, and treatment response of 24 female patients with FAPD were evaluated. Demographic, clinical, histopathological and treatment data of patients with FAPD were retrospectively collected. Twenty-four women were included (mean age 60.7 years). The mean Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index score was 1.50, and the median Sinclair grade was 3. Twelve patients had diffuse alopecia in the centroparietal region, four had frontal accentuation and eight had vertex accentuation of hair loss. Eight had associated loss of facial hair. Predominant trichoscopic features included hair shaft diameter variability (100%), perifollicular erythema and/or scaling (95%) and loss of follicular ostia (95%). Histopathological examination revealed features of scarring alopecia with interface changes in follicular epithelia mainly targeting terminal and intermediate hairs, and less frequently, vellus hairs. Treatment with hair growth-promoting, anti-inflammatory and anti-androgen agents arrested disease progression in 14 patients and resulted in hair regrowth in two patients. Six patients had progression of their hair loss in spite of treatment. Referral bias to a specialist hair clinic, retrospective design and small sample size. We present clinicopathological features of FAPD which can aid in the diagnosis of this insidious scarring alopecia. Our findings suggest a more favourable outcome if treatment is initiated in early stages of the disease.

Cyclosporine or methotrexate, which one is more promising in the treatment of lichen planopilaris?; A comparative clinical trial

Background: Lichen Planopilaris (LPP) is a primary scarring alopecia with unknown etiology and its management is a challenge for dermatologists. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of methotrexate and cyclosporine in LPP patients. Methods: In a randomized clinical trials, 33 patients were randomly allocated to receive either 15-mg oral methotrexate per week or 3–5-mg/kg/day cyclosporine for six months. During the treatment course, side effects, signs/symptoms and laboratory test were assessed periodically. Lichen planopilaris activity index (LPPAI) was measured at baseline and 2, 4, and 6 months after the intervention. Score of both photography and patient’s opinion were also obtained. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (Ver.25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Results: Both medications had positive effects on the signs and symptoms of LPP with a significant difference between the variables (p < 0.05), and the results showed similar efficacy at the end of 6th months of the therapy with both cyclosporine and methotrexate (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Regarding the results of the present study, both cyclosporine and methotrexate are effective in treating refractory lichen planopilaris and we propose methotrexate as a possible earlier choice over cyclosporine.This study was registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20190717044256N1).

442 Frontal fibrosing alopecia: Utilization of the Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index to assess treatment outcomes

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a primary cicatricial alopecia which affects the frontotemporal scalp and face. The etiology of FFA is thought to be related to environmental exposures and a genetic susceptibility. FFA is considered to be a relatively new disease; there is a paucity of knowledge surrounding its pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis. Because FFA is histologically similar to lichen planopilaris (LPP), we chose to characterize long-term outcomes of our FFA patients using the LPP Activity Index (LPPAI), a validated scoring system introduced in 2010 which combines symptoms, signs and progression. We used this tool to assess longitudinally (0 and 12 months) the efficacy of treatments in our hair disease clinics. We completed a retrospective chart review of patients with a diagnosis of FFA seen by one investigator (MH) from 7/1/09-6/30/19. Clinical data and patient demographics were extracted from the electronic medical record Epic by the University of Minnesota Best Practices Integrated Informatics Core yielding 706 patients diagnosed with lichen planus, LPP and/or FFA. A further keyword search, with the terms frontal fibrosing alopecia or FFA, was performed using a natural language processing program, identifying 142 patients. This patient population was then limited to 24 patients due to availability of LPPAI data. A paired sample t-test was performed to evaluate differences between LPPAI scores at the baseline visit and the 12-month visit. Our analyses revealed that our patient population is predominantly female, white, and postmenopausal. Additionally, FFA patients achieved a statistically significant reduction in LPPAI score after 12 months of treatment; however, no patients were found to have a complete absence of symptoms or signs. In conclusion, the LPPAI is a valuable tool which can provide a standardized method to quantify clinical progression and response to therapy.

The efficacy and safety of oral low dose naltrexone versus placebo in the patients with lichen planopilaris: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Background and objectives Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is one of the important causes of cicatricial alopecia. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) in the setting of a clinical trial in patients with LPP. Methods We included patients with LPP between 2018 and 2020. Patients were allocated to two groups. The first group received topical clobetasol plus oral low dose naltrexone (3 mg) while the second received topical clobetasol plus placebo. The assessment was made for the disease severity by lichen planopilaris activity index (LPPAI) instrument and the safety of the drug in 2-month intervals up to 6 months. To compare both groups, we used the ANOVA test for repeated measures. Clinical trials registry code: IRCT20180809040747N1. Results Thirty-four patients were analyzed in an intention-to-treat fashion. There was a decrescendo pattern on LPPAI scores that was statistically significant within the LDN (p = .001) but almost significant within the placebo group (p = .060) and non-significant between the groups (p = .813). The side effects attributable to the low dose naltrexone was not statistically different between studied groups. Conclusion Low-dose naltrexone (3 mg) failed to improve the severity of the LPP more than what is achievable with topical clobetasol.

Valchlor® in the Treatment of Lichen Planopilaris and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Single Arm, Open-label, Exploratory Study.

Background:Lichen Planopilaris (LPP) is a lymphocyte-mediated scarring alopecia that frequently is treatment resistance to both topical and systemic therapies.Aims and Objectives:The object of this pilot study was to assess the effectiveness of topical mechlorethamine 0.016% gel (Valchlor®) in decreasing disease activity in LPP and the related clinical variant frontal fibrosing alopecia (FAA).Methods:Twelve patients with biopsy-proven LPP/FAA who failed prior topical or systemic therapy with active disease were included. Participants applied mechlorethamine 0.016% gel to involved areas daily for 24 weeks. Outcome measures included LPP Activity Index (LPPAI) score, Physician Global Assessment (PGA) score, Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DQLI) score, and phototrichograms assessing follicular counts before and after six months of therapy.Results:LPP Activity Index (LPPAI) before and after treatment was significantly different (5.0 before treatment, 2.0 after treatment; p value=0.006). Mean follicular density and follicular units were unchanged during the treatment period.Conclusion:Treatment with mechlorethamine 0.016% gel for 24 weeks resulted in statistically significant improvement of LLP/FFA with no change in phototrichogram parameters. Treatment duration was limited by high rate of contact dermatitis. Further investigation to optimize dosing frequency and to assess the role of combination topical therapy is needed.

Application of superluminescent diodes (sLED) in the treatment of scarring alopecia - A pilot study.

Photobiomodulation therapy with the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is a fast growing therapeutic technique with a wide range of dermatologic indications. Recently it has been suggested that LED therapy could be beneficial in scarring alopecia. Assessment of the efficacy of novel superluminescent diodes (sLED) with a "soft- start" as an adjuvant treatment in selected types of scarring alopecia. This pilot study included 16 female patients: 8 with frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) and 8 with lichen planopilaris (LPP), aged 41-76 years with a stable treatment, either topical or systemic. In all patients, sLED irradiations were performed once a week for a 10-week period. The sLEDs' effectiveness was assessed clinically and using trichoscopy. The therapy was well tolerated. Both Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index (LPPAI) and Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Severity Score (FFASS) were significantly reduced after the therapy (p = 0.012, p = 0.017 respectively). Within the treated area, the number of thick hairs significantly increased after the therapy (p = 0.009), whereas the number of medium-sized hairs and thin hairs did not change significantly (p = 0.836, p = 0.675 respectively). Irradiations with sLEDs were demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated. This noninvasive therapy leads to the reduction of subjective symptoms, and improve the outcome both in FFA and in LPP. This effective novel light source can be used as an adjuvant therapy in patients with chronic LPP or FFA. However, further studies including a larger study group and a control group are needed to evaluate the long-term effects of the therapy.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia: demographic and clinical characteristics of 490 cases.

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a cicatricial alopecia mostly affecting the frontotemporal hairline. Its aetiology and associated factors remain unclear. An observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in France and Germany to identify demographic and health characteristics associated with the severity of FFA. Of 490 included patients, 95% were female, of which 84% were postmenopausal. Age at onset of FFA symptoms ranged between 15 and 89years, but diagnosis was frequently delayed up to 24years. Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index scores were low (median 1.8, IQR 1.0 to 3.5). Thyroid function disorders were reported in 13% of men and 35% of women. Abnormal blood lipid levels were found in 42% of tested men and 47% of women. In the bivariate analyses, LPPAI scores were negatively correlated with abnormal testosterone (rs =-0.775) and oestrogen values (rs =-0.664), regular use of face cleaning products (rs =-0.465), hair colourants (rs =-0.679) and hairspray (rs =-0.500). The most common comorbidity was thyroid disease, with proportions higher than in the European population, possibly reflecting a role of thyroid hormones in FFA pathogenesis. The association of abnormal testosterone and oestrogen values with lesser disease activity needs to be explored in further studies. Our correlation analyses do not support a role of leave-on cosmetic products in the pathophysiology of FFA.

Compared to Controls, Individuals with Lichen Planopilaris Have More Depression, a Lower Self-Esteem, and a Lower Quality of Life

Background: Individuals with lichen planopilaris (LPP) typically present with hair loss and an irritated scalp, with signs and symptoms such as itching, erythema, scaling, and burning. Both hair loss and reddened skin may be visible also for other people. Therefore, it is conceivable that individuals with LPP might report a lower mental health status. Accordingly, in the present study, we compared dimensions of mental health between individuals with LPP and healthy controls. Method: A total of 38 individuals with LPP (mean age: 38.24 years, 47.4% females) and 58 gender- and age-matched controls took part in this study. They completed questionnaires covering dimensions of quality of life and self-esteem; experts rated participants’ symptoms of depression and anxiety. Furthermore, dermatologists reported on the illness duration, the LPP activity index, and the severity of alopecia. Results: Compared to healthy controls, individuals with LPP reported lower scores of self-esteem, physical functioning, and mental health and higher scores of role limitations (physical and emotional). Likewise, experts rated higher depression scores in individuals with LPP compared to controls. In individuals with LPP, a higher LPP disease activity and a higher severity of hair loss were associated with higher depression and lower quality-of-life scores. Further, a higher LPP activity index, a lower self-esteem, and higher anxiety scores predicted a poorer quality of life, while illness duration was statistically unrelated. Conclusions: Compared to controls, and irrespectively of the illness duration, individuals with LPP reported a lower quality of life and a lower self-esteem, and experts’ ratings observed higher scores of depression. Experts treating individuals with LPP might pay special attention to the individuals’ mental health status.

Assessing the correlation between trichoscopic features in lichen planopilaris and lichen planopilaris activity index

Videodermoscopy is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of cicatricial alopecias such as lichen planopilaris. Lichen planopilaris activity index is used for evaluating lichen planopilaris severity. Our aim was to examine the utility of videodermoscopy in the assessment of lichen planopilaris severity. One hundred and seventeen histopathologically confirmed lichen planopilaris patients under went videodermoscopy. Lichen planopilaris activity index was calculated according to cicatricial alopecia standardised flowchart. Differences and correlations between trichoscopic features, clinical findings and lichen planopilaris activity index were calculated. Most trichoscopic features had statistically significant higher prevalence than similar clinical findings. Targetoid pigment pattern, perifollicular scale and milky-red areas were significantly correlated with lichen planopilaris activity index (P-value<0.05). There was statistically significant correlation between targetoid pigment pattern and positive anagen pull test (P-value<0.001). Using trichoscopic features in calculating lichen planopilaris activity index with videodermoscope can help in early lichen planopilaris diagnosis and improve post-treatment follow-up.

Tofacitinib for the treatment of lichen planopilaris: A case series.

Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is an inflammatory cicatricial alopecia for which many different therapies are attempted with varying success. The Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, tofacitinib, has been shown to be effective in treating the noncicatricial alopecia, alopecia areata. As in alopecia areata, upregulation of interferon and JAK signaling may play a role in LPP. We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 10 patients with recalcitrant LPP who were treated with oral tofacitinib. Patients received oral tofacitinib 5 mg twice or three times daily for 2–19 months as either monotherapy or adjunctive therapy to other ongoing treatments including intralesional triamcinolone, hydroxychloroquine, and tacrolimus ointment. Eight patients had clinical improvement in LPP with tofacitinib as either monotherapy (4/10) or adjunctive therapy (4/10). LPP Activity Index (LPPAI) before and after treatment was measured in seven patients and was significantly different (6.22 before treatment, 3.08 after treatment; p value = .0014). Reduction in LPPAI ranged from 30 to 94%. One patient complained of 10 pound (4.5 kg) weight gain after 12 months on tofacitinib. No other adverse effects were reported. Treatment with oral tofacitinib either as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy can lead to measurable improvement in recalcitrant LPP.

Ocular Surface Findings in Patients With Lichen Planopilaris.

Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is a chronic lymphocytic- mediated disorder that selectively involves hair follicles, leading to cicatricial alopecia. The eyelash follicle and meibomian gland (MG) might also be involved in the disease process leading to ocular surface problems. In this Cross-sectional case -control study, twenty-three patients with histologically confirmed LPP and 23 healthy controls were recruited in this controlled study. To quantify the signs and symptoms of LPP, we used the Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index. The ophthalmologic examination was performed by the same ophthalmologist at Farabi Eye Hospital. Patients with LPP had a statistically significant lower tear breakup time (worse test outcome) compared with the control (7.1 6 4.1 vs. 9.6 6 4.4; respectively, P = 0.011). Both MG quality score and expressibility were higher in patients with LPP than in control subjects (14.1 6 4.3 vs. 9.3 6 4.4; P = 0.001; 1.5 6 1.0 vs. 0.4 6 0.8; P = 0.001; respectively). The Schirmer test score was not different between groups. A significant but weak correlation was found between the Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index and tear breakup time. Other ophthalmologic examinations including conjunctiva, lid margin shape, intraocular pressure, and funduscopy were normal in patients with LPP. Patients with LPP, scored worse in ocular surface tests. This finding warrants special scrutiny for dry eye and MG dysfunction in these patients.