Societies Library Research Articles

Assessing the net financial benefits of employing digital endpoints in clinical trials.

In the last few decades, developers of new drugs, biologics, and devices have increasingly leveraged digital health technologies (DHTs) to assess clinical trial digital endpoints. To our knowledge, a comprehensive assessment of the financial net benefits of digital endpoints in clinical trials has not been conducted. We obtained data from the Digital Medicine Society (DiMe) Library of Digital Endpoints and the US clinical trials registry, ClinicalTrials.gov. The benefit metrics are changes in trial phase duration and enrollment associated with the use of digital endpoints. The cost metric was obtained from an industry survey of the costs of including digital endpoints in clinical trials. We developed an expected net present value (eNPV) model of the cash flows for new drug development and commercialization to assess financial value. The value measure is the increment in eNPV that occurs when digital endpoints are employed. We also calculated a return on investment (ROI) as the ratio of the estimated increment in eNPV to the mean digital endpoint implementation cost. For phase II trials, the increase in eNPV varied from $2.2 million to $3.3 million, with ROIs between 32% and 48% per indication. The net benefits were substantially higher for phase III trials, with the increase in eNPV varying from $27 million to $40 million, with ROIs that were four to six times the investment. The use of digital endpoints in clinical trials can provide substantial extra value to sponsors developing new drugs, with high ROIs.

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT FOR LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE

With the changing IT landscape and shifts in user needs, there is a massive need for a curriculum for education in library and information science that could stay updated and dynamic. This paper would try to propose a basic framework for curricula that would imbibe within its core competencies information management, digital literacy, and critical thinking, as well as house or embrace these emerging trends related to data science, artificial intelligence, and open access. The main emphasis areas are a mix of theoretical foundations and practical applications that may offer ample opportunities for hands-on learning through internships, community engagement, and collaborative projects in preparing graduates to serve diverse populations, advocate for information equity, and pay attention to the evolving roles of libraries in society. The development process of the curriculum involves stakeholders-the academic professional and the practitioner or expert, and the community members-ensuring that it will reflect and respond to the needs of the field. In so doing, by promoting a culture of lifelong learning and innovation, this curriculum should prepare future information professionals for the landscape of the future of library and information services. This approach, therefore, shall not only improve the education experience of LIS students but also add value to this evolving pattern wherein libraries shall be at the centre of knowledge, culture, and community endeavours

Role and functions of libraries in the information society

The article discusses the need to change role and functions of libraries, dictated by the challenges of the information society. In the information society, the amount of information is growing exponentially. Besides, the Internet is becoming the main space for aggregating information flows and searching for the necessary sources. In this situation, libraries are experiencing an identity crisis and, in order to maintain their fundamental role in the information system of society, they are faced with the need to change their operations. Therefore, libraries are applying information and communication technologies, especially social media, to create digital collections, to improve information services, as well as to promote libraries in order to attract users and satisfy their needs.

An Overview of Role of Modern Libraries in Current Society

An Overview of Role of Modern Libraries in Current Society

Reading against Reform: The Bristol Library Society and the Intellectual Culture of Bristol's Elections in 1812*

AbstractThis article pioneers a new methodological approach to the study of electoral politics by combining an analysis of the politics of reading, library association and the reading habits of electors in an English urban constituency in the early 19th century. By integrating an examination of reading practices and intellectual context into our analysis of electoral contests, political history scholars can go further in their examination of the unreformed electoral system and attempt to gauge the motivations behind voting habits and partisan identification in this period. Using electoral voting data and the records of an urban subscription library, this article explores the interrelation between the Bristol Library Society and Bristol's electoral politics, as well as conducting an analysis of which books were being borrowed and read by electors in a politically tumultuous year. Although few in number compared with the total size of Bristol's electorate, Bristol Library members were among some of the most politically and culturally influential individuals in Bristol society and were active participants in electoral contests in the city, either as candidates, campaigners, civic officials or voters. An analysis of their voting habits reveals that the library's membership reflected the Tory political hegemony that became pronounced in the city's civic politics. Moreover, an analysis of their reading habits in 1812 reveals an interest in political texts that were conservative and anti‐Gallic in tone, that were representative of the political climate in Bristol in 1812, and which contributed to the defeat of candidates for reform in its electoral contests.

Accommodation of activities of Ukrainian libraries under marital law

The purpose of the article is to provide an argumentative identification of a qualitatively new direction in the activities of Ukrainian libraries under martial law – socio-productive. The methodological basis of the article is based on general scientific methods such as abstract and logical, analysis, cognitive, and synthesis. Dialectical, objectivity, systemic, and structural-functional approaches to scientific knowledge are applied. The scientific novelty of the article consists in revealing the peculiarities of the functioning of Ukrainian libraries under martial law. Such traditional areas of activity in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, as information and communication, information and advisory, scientific, socio-cultural and local studies, should be supplemented with socio-productive ones. The proposed material enriches the theory of modern librarianship about the changing role of libraries in society under the influence of socio-political processes, determining the new quality of the Ukrainian library institute as an active participant in nation-building processes. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the application of the acquired best experience of library practice in the activities of library institutions of all systems and departments in order to positively strengthen their image and reputation. Conclusions. In the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the library social institute immediately reacted to the events in the state, changing the algorithm of its functioning with a reorientation to socio-political requests. Among the main traditional areas of activity, the socio-productive one definitely stood out. That is, the library has shown itself as an adaptive system that rationally transforms the work algorithm in order to maintain the optimal state in accordance with the changing conditions of the external environment. The genesis of the strategy for the development of the Ukrainian library and information sphere is consistent with the strategies of national economic, social and humanitarian development

안산시 본오동 ‘상록수 도서관’ 건축 설계

Libraries in modern society are expanding from the role of simply accumulating and providing information to become the center of overall local cultural activities as well as functions as education and research facilities. Therefore, the “public” library is considered a major public facility in the local community during construction, and is a complex cultural facility that provides various cultures and services to local residents, and should be able to play a role in supporting local residents' community activities based on local specialized programs. This study examines the design implementation process of the Sangnoksu Library located in Bono-dong, Ansan-si, and is meaningful in studying the planning direction of the library that plays an active role as a public facility in the local community. In order to respond to tangible and intangible needs, the library was designed with an emphasis on open access, connection with the surrounding area, and securing flexibility for complex programs.

Libraries in society: comparing international metrics of societal progress to library usage statistics

Introduction. Literacy is a major predictor of education, income, and health. Both historically and currently, libraries have been leaders in promoting literacy globally. The objective of this research is to determine if countries with higher metrics related to the Sustainable Development Goals also demonstrate evidence of stronger relationships between library usage and literacy. Method. Using data from the World Bank, UNESCO, the United Nations and the IFLA Map of the World, the author grouped countries several different ways by income levels, the Human Development Index, literacy rate, and the Gender Inequality Index in order to explore the relationship between literacy and library usage in each categorization. Analysis. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to determine if there is a relationship between the variables. Results. In the grouping of countries by HDI, literacy, progress, GII and income, the correlation coefficients generally increased for each individual library usage statistic as the indicator improved. Conclusion. In groupings of countries with higher metrics of societal health, correlation rates between library usage and literacy increase from country groups with lower rates of those metrics.

Transitioning Towards a Paperless Library: Advantages and Implications

The transition towards a paperless library represents a significant shift in the way libraries operate and engage with their patrons. This transformation offers numerous advantages, including enhanced accessibility, cost savings, expanded collections, and sustainability benefits. Digital libraries often refer to paperless libraries; differ from traditional libraries in terms of format, accessibility, space requirements, and user engagement. The historical significance of paper in libraries underscores its enduring role, even in the digital age. This paper delves into the evolution of libraries, the differences between traditional and paperless libraries, and the implications of going paperless. It also explores the history of information sources before and after the development of paper and printing, highlighting the profound impact of these technologies on knowledge dissemination. Furthermore, it discusses the role of libraries in modern society, including their roles as Information Centers and Knowledge Communication Centers. The paper emphasizes the need and importance of transitioning to paperless libraries, citing advantages such as improved accessibility, expanded collections, cost savings, and sustainability. As libraries embrace technology and digital resources, they continue to serve as essential pillars of education, research, and cultural preservation in an ever-changing world.

Why is Citizen Science important for libraries?

Citizen science, as part of open science, holds significant importance for its participants, including citizen scientists and professional scientists who engage in collaborative scientific research (Booney et al., 2009). However, the benefits that organizers of citizen science gain are rarely emphasized. These organizers can include governmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, corporations, universities (Walker et al., 2016), as well as institutions such as libraries. Citizen science is important for libraries because it increases civic and research interests, scientific publishing, and scientific progress (Trouille, Lintott, and Fortson, 2019). Additionally, it helps libraries attract new users, enhance social cohesion, and improve the perception of library's social value (Cigarini et al., 2021). With the help of citizen science, libraries can enrich their collections and make them more accessible (Ignat et al., 2018), and librarians can develop new competencies.The presentation aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the specific ways in which citizen science can benefit libraries and how libraries can effectively utilize citizen science to achieve their goals. Therefore, the benefits of citizen science for libraries will be discussed in detail, with examples and practical insights provided to illustrate their potential impact. The presentation will include an analysis and experience of the National and University Library in Zagreb with carrying out citizen science activities and the advantages this institution had for librarian education. It will highlight the essential role of libraries as implementers of citizen science activities and the impact of such activities on the positioning of libraries in local society and the scientific community.

Evolution of Requirements for Library Interior Design in the Context of Digitalisation, Reflecting Public Opinion

The purpose of the article is to determine the evolution of requirements for library interior design under the influence of digitalisation, taking into account the public’s attitude to the role and functions of libraries in the modern world. The research methods are based on a systematic approach to analysing the impact of innovative services on library interior design and public opinion about the role and status of libraries in the information society. It is shown that positive attitudes towards libraries are influenced by the quality of service and the relevance of the information services package, which, in turn, are associated with the functionality of the workspace planning and the library interior design. The survey revealed the public’s requirements for library interior design. The trends in the evolution of library interior design are analysed, taking into account the impact of digitalisation of information services on its requirements. Scientific novelty. The article demonstrates the relationship between the relevance of the package of information library services, the functionality of interior design, and the public positive attitude towards visiting libraries. The evolution of requirements for library interior design is characterised by a list of requirements generated by innovative services and refined by the results of a sociological survey on public attitudes to the functions of modern libraries. Conclusions. The study identified possible trajectories of sustainable development of libraries in the context of digitalisation, when libraries lose their monopoly on access to knowledge. The features of implementing the concept of «well-being of presence» in the design of library interiors using multisensory interaction of light, heat, acoustic, and olfactory environments are considered. It is shown that the implementation of this concept in the practice of managing the functioning of a modern library is based on a combination of architectural and design solutions with distributed «cloud» means of monitoring and managing the «well-being of the presence environment».

Bridging the research-practice gap in librarianship: Exploring the mediating role of library societies

The advancement of librarianship requires close communication and collaboration between research and practice communities. A long-standing divide between the two communities in China exists and has been exacerbated in recent years. The role of the Library Society of China (LSC) in mediating the gap and encouraging collaboration was explored. A case study approach was adopted, with a total of twelve library researchers and practitioners interviewed using semi-structured interview scripts. A thematic analysis of the interview data pointed to eleven critical factors clustered into three main themes: identity creation, relationship building, and group practice. Conceptualization of the findings indicated that practical strategies can be formulated for three prioritized critical factors: identity acceptance, mutual engagement, and continuous dialogue. Although the case setting was the LSC, the findings may provide useful indications and insights for library societies in other countries.

Electronic Resources as a Technological Infrastructure for Reading in Libraries

The purpose of the article is to improve and modernize the electronic resources introduced into the work of children’s library institutions in Ukraine in order to accelerate the process of document delivery to users and provide quality service. The research methods are based on applying the analytical and synthetic approach as a general scientific principle of implementing technological library processes through electronic resources to attract schoolchildren to libraries. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the further study and disclosure of creative forms of activities using information technology in libraries for children that activate reading. New library concepts such as “service fair”, “e-governance”, and “corporate project” are revealed. The children’s library becomes an active participant in the market start-up, which begins to build its work based on innovations and creative technologies. The effectiveness of the work is assessed by real cases that are carried out using the design methodology. The results of research on children’s libraries in Ukraine show that today’s young information consumer is a qualitatively new type of user, the “web generation”, the “Internet generation”. For the library to attract these students, it is necessary to change the forms of activity, improve professional skills, and actively introduce new services based on the study and implementation of modern information technologies. Library staff often reformat some of their socio-cultural events to the virtual space. As for the Volyn children’s libraries, they remain centres of communication, learning, reading, and the development of creative and intellectual abilities. Combining traditional and creative forms and methods of work, librarians work to encourage students to read, to make them interested in books (through mass events), and to stimulate the use of information resources available in the library. Libraries aim to enhance the social role, provide free access to information, enrich the spiritual culture of users and deepen their knowledge of the historical past of the Ukrainian people; promote national and patriotic education of users, form a reading culture, create a safe, comfortable environment and provide positive conditions for the creative abilities’ development. Conclusions. The research has examined and analyzed the range of new library services in children’s libraries of Ukraine, particularly Volyn, based on the use of Internet resources of modern information technologies. In library activities today, the most important thing is to inform schoolchildren about the role of the modern library in society, the new opportunities provided by modernized creative service departments; encouraging participation in project activities, and promoting them among students and parents. In the current operating environment, libraries are obliged to adapt more actively to providing services to children with special needs: disabled, socially vulnerable, temporarily displaced and internally displaced children; to provide users with free, barrier-free and unhindered opportunities to receive virtual information from any department in accessible forms.

Librarians as change agents for sustainable library and information service delivery in a digital society

This paper investigates the role of Librarians as change agents for sustainable library and information service delivery in a digital society. The purpose of the study were: to ascertain the types of Library and information service delivery; to investigate Librarians’ role as change agents for sustainable library and information service delivery; to find out the challenges librarians face as change agents for sustainable library and information service delivery; and to proffer solution to enhance librarians’ role as change agents towards the sustainable library and information service delivery in a digital society. The study adopts a conceptual review based on previous research. It was recommended that Librarians as change agents should re-examine and reconfigure their job roles in library and information service delivery for relevance in their field, there is a need to meet up with their multi-dimensional job roles to sustain library and information service delivery in a digital society. More so, adequate funding, training and retraining, tooling, and retooling to avoid phobia for loss of job/ insecurity should be provided for librarians/libraries to keep up with effective service delivery. The study concludes that sustainable library and information service delivery in libraries generally and for librarians in particular will enhance their multi-dimensional job roles today and tomorrow to know what has changed in a digital society.

Nadezhda Abramovna Kanover — “Above all for Her Were Books”

The article tells about the Far Eastern librarian Nadezhda Abramovna Kanover, a follower of the bibliographer Z.N. Matveev, who played a great role in the development of librarianship in Vladivostok. The publication is based on the documents from the Current Archive of the Presidium of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Science (FEB RAS), Central Scientific Library (CSL) of FEB RAS and Society for Study of Amur Region (SSAR) that for the first time reveal unknown facts from N.A. Kanover life and characterize the situation in library science in the Russian Far East in 1930s — 1950s. Heading several libraries including the future CSL FEB RAS and library of Primorskiy branch of State Geographical Society (SFGS), N.A. Kanover put much efforts in collecting collections and making conditions for book storage, as well as promoted book culture by publishing articles and organizing book exhibitions. Thanks to her, Vladivostok received a unique old-believers’ collection that belonged to bibliophile S.Ya. Ponosov. Printed editions of the collection are now kept in the SSAR library (former SFGS library), icons and religious artefacts are in the Primorsky Picture Gallery and the V.K. Arsenyev Museum of Far East History. These organisations presented a part of Ponosov’s collection at the joint exhibition “Legend of Belovodie” (Vladivostok, February 18 — July 30, 2023). The pages of Kanover’s biography connected with the last months of life of V.K. Arsenyev, the famous traveller and explorer of the Far East, are remarkable. While working in the library of SFGS, N.A. Kanover became its last secretary, dealing with the correspondent network of the branch. Unfortunately, almost nothing is known about the last years of her life, but N.A. Kanover’s work in the field of Far Eastern library science is not forgotten.

MBSE WITHIN THE ENGINEERING DESIGN COMMUNITY – AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

AbstractObjective of this contribution is to present the use of Model-based Systems Engineering within the engineering design community. Based on a differentiation between SE and MBSE, the definition of three core MBSE elements, namely modelling method, modelling language, and modelling tool as well as the three major aspects of a consistent system model (requirements, behaviour, and structure) a structured review is conducted, focussing on the understanding and motivation as well as the modelling of systems. The review includes 93 publications from Design Society library and proceedings of the CIRP Design conferences during the period from 2011 to 2022. The review points out, that there is an increasing application of MBSE within the engineering design community, mainly focussing on architecture definition or combined engineering activities. Only a small portion of works (16 publications) are providing a consistent approach as these publications link all aspects of the system model and consider all three MBSE elements. It can be concluded, that there is a diffuse understanding of MBSE and different motivations are given to apply more formal system models as well as modelling tools.

Conceptual model of the process of formation of immobilization contractures

Contractures — limitation of passive movements in the joint — are a fairly frequent complication after immobilization or limitation of mobility and loading of the limb due to injuries, but the exact cause of their formation has not been clarified. Objective. Based on the meta-analysis of the results of experimental modeling and clinical studies of immobilization contractures, create a conceptual model of their formation. Methods. Literature sources from scientific bases were analyzed: Cochrane Library, Scopus, National Library of Medicine, ReLAB-HS Rehabilitation Resources Repository, Mendeley Reference Manager, The Physiological Society library, Google Scholar. Results. A conceptual model of the development of contractures was created. It is shown that immobilization of the joint of the injured limb blocks the execution of the signal of motor impulses. The lack of movement in the joint leads to a decrease in muscle strength and a slowdown in blood circulation. These processes are interrelated: hypotonia of the muscle is due to the restriction of nutrition through the blood supply, and the lack of contractile activity of the muscles leads to the rearrangement of the blood vessels. Articular cartilage is nourished through the subchondral bone and due to osmosis from the synovial fluid during movements. The lack of movement limits nutrition, protein synthesis is disrupted, the surface of the cartilage, synovial membrane and fluid begins to be rebuilt, the joint capsule, ligaments, and tendons thicken. At the same time, the structure of the muscles changes, they shorten and become denser. With long-term immobilization, degenerative processes in the tissues of the joint worsen its general condition, which can eventually lead to complete immobilization. Conclusions. The created conceptual model of the formation of immobilization contractures of joints takes into account the morphological changes of tissues as a result of immobilization. Immobilization affects all components of the joint and adjacent tissues from the first days, the changes progress over time. The use of the model will allow the development of a system of treatment measures to prevent the development of contractures.

CanDiag: Fog Empowered Transfer Deep Learning Based Approach for Cancer Diagnosis

Breast cancer poses the greatest long-term health risk to women worldwide, in both industrialized and developing nations. Early detection of breast cancer allows for treatment to begin before the disease has a chance to spread to other parts of the body. The Internet of Things (IoT) allows for automated analysis and classification of medical pictures, allowing for quicker and more effective data processing. Nevertheless, Fog computing principles should be used instead of Cloud computing concepts alone to provide rapid responses while still meeting the requirements for low latency, energy consumption, security, and privacy. In this paper, we present CanDiag, an approach to cancer diagnosis based on Transfer Deep Learning (TDL) that makes use of Fog computing. This paper details an automated, real-time approach to diagnosing breast cancer using deep learning (DL) and mammography pictures from the Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) library. To obtain better prediction results, transfer learning (TL) techniques such as GoogleNet, ResNet50, ResNet101, InceptionV3, AlexNet, VGG16, and VGG19 were combined with the well-known DL approach of the convolutional neural network (CNN). The feature reduction technique principal component analysis (PCA) and the classifier support vector machine (SVM) were also applied with these TDLs. Detailed simulations were run to assess seven performance and seven network metrics to prove the viability of the proposed approach. This study on an enormous dataset of mammography images categorized as normal and abnormal, respectively, achieved an accuracy, MCR, precision, sensitivity, specificity, f1-score, and MCC of 99.01%, 0.99%, 98.89%, 99.86%, 95.85%, 99.37%, and 97.02%, outperforming some previous studies based on mammography images. It can be shown from the trials that the inclusion of the Fog computing concepts empowers the system by reducing the load on centralized servers, increasing productivity, and maintaining the security and integrity of patient data.

"Economic Effectiveness of State Policy in Reforming Higher library and Information Education in Ukraine"

"The article considers the conceptual and practice issues of reforming higher library and information education in Ukraine within state policy. Two-planes approach is applied: the study combines educational research and concepts of state policy efficiency evaluation with taking into account exogenous factors. The current state, problems and prospects of LIS education in Ukraine are considered in light of overall world trends in libraries development in the 21st century and best practices of some European states. The conclusion is made that in the last decade, there has been a transformation of the instrumental, that is, technological, model of the modernization of librarianship into a conceptual one focused on the implementation of the new socio-cultural mission of libraries in the knowledge-based information society, and, accordingly, LIS education should not only correspond but get ahead of libraries evolution, with a view on extremely rapid knowledge obsolescence. The model of evaluating economic effectiveness of state policy in reforming higher library and information education is proposed, which is rather universal that nation-state- oriented, as it allows taking into account the influence of specific factors of environment."

Dateline 1977: The LHRT as Connective Tissue

Dateline 1977: The LHRT as Connective Tissue