Liberal Economic Model Research Articles

Catalysing Action and Transdisciplinary Pathways towards Sustainable Transitions

Prelude – Special Issue Motivation The year 2023 marked the 300th anniversary of the birth of Adam Smith, the Scottish economist whose work has impacted how we think about economic principles and the dynamics implied in politics, business, and society. Known for his seminal work “The Wealth of Nations” published in 1776, Smith argued for an economic system with little unnecessary government interference. A model built on the division of labor, guided by an ‘invisible hand’, is part of the argument for free markets directed through price mechanisms and the moral conscience of self-interested people to achieve outcomes that benefit society (Stevens, 2023). Smith’s intention to articulate a liberal economic model that prioritized contributing positively to society's welfare1 however, stands in contrast to 20th-century business doctrine, which asserted that ‘their sole social responsibility was to generate as much profit as possible for their stockholders’ (Friedman, 1962, p. 133). (Continues, please read PDF)

Analysis of opportunities and conditions of transformation of the Russian economy

Purpose: is to study the reasons, possibilities and conditions for the transformation of the Russian economy during the period of overcoming the sanctions of the EU countries and the United States and the transition to a multipolar world order.Methods: the methodology used for conducting the research is based on a generalization of methods for analyzing the cause-and-effect relationships of complex systems using network methods, as well as information and logical models of the processes of development of socio-economic systems.Results: the article analyzes the reasons for the transformation of the Russian and world economy in the coming years. The author shows the conditions for the formation and establishment of a market economy in our country, as well as the factors that influenced its development. The successes achieved and the bottlenecks that have formed in the Russian economy are noted. The ways of eliminating problematic situations are considered, including the possibility of restoring innovative potential, the transition of companies to strategic planning of technological development, improving decision-making mechanisms and the formation of an economic model of development in the medium term. The main results of the study are to substantiate the reasons for the transformation of the liberal economic model that has evolved in Russia during the transition to the market economy.Conclusions and Relevance: the article emphasizes the modern inevitability of structural and technological changes in the Russian economy. The emphasis is placed on the need to eliminate bottlenecks in the domestic economy, which, first of all, include a decrease in the potential of the innovation sphere. According to the author, among the main conditions for the transformation of the Russian economy is the transition from the evolutionary development of companies to the normative planning of technological modernization processes, the improvement of target management mechanisms, as well as the formation of forecast estimates assessments of the prospects for technological development on an innovative basis.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE INSTITUTION OF THE FAMILY IN THE CONTEXT OF LIBERAL VALUES

The relevance of this work is due to the fundamental transformation of the institution of the family in the modern world, where liberalism is the dominant ideology. Transformations of the family institution, in turn, can determine changes in other areas of society. The purpose of our article is a socio-philosophical analysis of the changes in the modern family on the example of Russian society. In the course of achieving this goal, the authors rely on the principles of comparative studies (by comparing liberalization in Russia and Asian countries), historicism, a systematic approach, and provide statistical data. The authors examine two discourses that raise the question of the relationship between liberal values and the institution of the family. In the first discourse, liberalism is positioned as a destructive force that destroys the ontological foundations of the family. In contrast to this position, a positive topic interprets liberalization as a factor in the enrichment of family relations, and the latter are not positioned as endangered, and the family acts as a subject of the liberal economic model. In our country, we can talk about an intermediate situation, when the patriarchal elements of social life are mixed with the values of individualism. Recognizing the magnitude of the changes taking place in the modern Russian family, the authors come to the conclusion that the liberalization of family values does not inevitably lead to destructive consequences. We see the borrowing of the experience of Asian countries with liberal economic and political systems as a priority of the social policy of the Russian Federation. The fundamental basis for family policy should be the work to form a positive image of the Russian family, with family values and norms as its central element, revealing its meaningful potential for the individual and the state.

Эволюция государственного патернализма и ноономика

Evolution of the economic functions of the state in the conditions of nonomics. The article examines the problems of the economic role of the state in modern society. It shows the failure of the liberal economic model and minimization of the role of the state. Modern production saturated with new technologies and scientific knowledge requires completely new regulators in comparison with the market ones. A new economy is developing, which in scientific literature is called noonomics. Many elements of the market economy are fading away in it, such as private property, money, finance, free competition, which acquire a new quality. A new problematic field for political economy is emerging.

The evolution of state paternalism and noonomy

Evolution of the economic functions of the state in the conditions of nonomics. The article examines the problems of the economic role of the state in modern society. It shows the failure of the liberal economic model and minimization of the role of the state. Modern production saturated with new technologies and scientific knowledge requires completely new regulators in comparison with the market ones. A new economy is developing, which in scientific literature is called noonomics. Many elements of the market economy are fading away in it, such as private property, money, finance, free competition, which acquire a new quality. A new problematic field for political economy is emerging.

Эволюция государственного патернализма и ноономика

Evolution of the economic functions of the state in the conditions of nonomics. The article examines the problems of the economic role of the state in modern society. It shows the failure of the liberal economic model and minimization of the role of the state. Modern production saturated with new technologies and scientific knowledge requires completely new regulators in comparison with the market ones. A new economy is developing, which in scientific literature is called noonomics. Many elements of the market economy are fading away in it, such as private property, money, finance, free competition, which acquire a new quality. A new problematic field for political economy is emerging.

Development of rational land use in land policy of the Transnistrian Moldovan Republic

The article considers the problem of the development of rational land use in land policy of the Transnistrian Moldovan Republic. In the times of socio-economic transformations, the issue of land and property relations is one of the most important. Land and property relations can’t be realized without participation of the state, this is manifested even in the states with a liberal economic model. The rational use of land resources is achieved by the state instruments as a combination of the necessary economic, environmental and social effects, as well as the coordination of public interests. The Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic and its land policy are of great research interest, combining the accumulated experience of the Soviet period and building its own economic system.

Tackling Covid-19 and Building Back Better: The Case of Ethiopia

The Covid-19 pandemic struck Ethiopia at an important juncture in its development and political path. Following impressive progress in poverty reduction and human development in recent decades, driven by a state-led model, it is transitioning towards a more democratic governance structure and a more liberal economic model. This article examines the country’s response to the pandemic, focusing on social protection and health systems. Ethiopia’s experience demonstrates the importance of building shock-responsive systems for social protection, including pre-identification of vulnerable groups and a financing strategy to trigger an immediate response. It also highlights how the health sector capacity can be further strengthened in anticipation of future health emergencies. For example, the government could identify and build the health sector industry capacity before future shocks occur in order to quickly scale up the response. Covid-19 had a disproportionate impact on women and girls due to the closure of schools; limited access to gender-based violence and health services; and the economic impact on informal sectors. The article concludes by sharing key lessons for developing countries on how prioritisation of vulnerable groups and ensuring strong political commitment can support a more effective pandemic response.

INDONESIA FOOD SECURITY POLICY ON IMPORT CATTLE AND MEAT AUSTRALIA YEARS 2013-2017

Food is an essential human need and its fulfilment is part of human rights guaranteed by the constitution so that it has a strategic place in national development. However, if domestic food sources cannot meet national needs, then food imports can be carried out. Cattle and beef imports are carried out by Indonesia in order to meet Indonesia's food security policy. This study aims to describe and analyze how Indonesia's food safety policy in importing cattle and beef from Australia in 2013-2017. The research method used is a qualitative method with the type of descriptive research that aims to describe in detail and accurately and to deepen the meaning of research related to Indonesia's food security policy in Australian beef and beef imports. Data collection techniques with observation, in-depth interviews, and study documentation. The results show that Indonesia's policy to import Australian cows and beef is a liberal economic model, where the main role of imports is importing entrepreneurs, while the government as an import regulator has an interest in ensuring the fulfilment of three aspects of food security, namely food availability; affordability of food access; and affordability of prices; As for the other causes, Indonesia imports cows and beef from Australia due to political reasons.

Ethical control of innovation in a globalized and liberal world: Is good science still science?

The independence of science was long seen as of prime importance. This position has become less common today. The perception of scientific research as a public service has led to the opinion that it must be accountable to citizens and produce knowledge and innovation that meet their expectations. Numerous authors have voiced the need for anticipatory ethical control of innovation focusing on the scientific research process. This control is considered as the must-have guarantee for “good science.” The current article attempts to trace the ideological origins of the ethical control of innovation, examines its effectiveness against the challenge of globalization and technology-derived major threats and its compatibility with scientific methodology. It also suggests ways to both regulate the innovation process and preserve the independence of science. On the whole, we conclude that truly effective ethical regulation of innovation, i.e. one that protects the greatest number from its adverse effects, is achieved first and foremost by questioning our liberal economic model and the place given to science in our societies.

Configuraciones estéticas del espacio en la poesía chilena de postdictadura: Amarillo Crepúsculo de Andrés Anwandter

Chilean contemporary poetry is marked in an explicit as well as in an implicit way by the Chilean dictatorship experience. A strict analysis of postdictatorship works will reveal scars of this period (1973 - 1990), even in apparently less political aspects, such as, the representations of space. Many authors have developed some of the most interesting reflections about Chilean political and cultural history over the last four decades, provoking a tension in their work of some of their most unshakable assumptions. In other words, the nation state; the neo liberal economic model; national, ethnic and gender identities and the national space. This paper will show how the contemporary space implies a challenge that demands a critical opening towards experimenting with artistic and political forms. For example, Andres Anwandter poetry sheds light on the spatial experience in a complex way and with a high aestethic and intellectual performance, elaborating representations of an heterogenous city, as a stage of an unfair and half-done modernization, with a landscape that still preserves scars of political violence, economic model transformations and the ambigous border between public and private space.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ПЕРШИХ "ІСТОРИЧНО ПРАВИХ" УРЯДІВ КОРОЛІВСТВА ІТАЛІЯ (1861-1876 рр.)

This research analyses the economic policies peculiarities of the “historical right” governments of the Kingdom of Italy from the first stage of the unification of this country into a single nation state and rise of the “historical right” governments to power till the transfer of power to the “historical left”. It also specifies the main directions of economic reforms in a certain period of time and their impact on the further development of the state. The research establishes that the liberal economic model for country’s development chosen by its leadership at the very beginning allowed to quickly create the domestic market of goods and services, establish fruitful foreign economic relations with the greatest economic powers of that time and attract foreign investments into the Kingdom, promoting the development of the Kingdom’s agricultural sector and accumulating a substantial capital within the country. However, given the significant economic backwardness of the states of the Apennine peninsula before the unification and the actual abolition of customs barriers in trade with more powerful European countries after 1861, it had a negative impact on the country’s weak industry and deepened the distortion of development along the north-south line. The undeniable achievement of the "historical right" governments in the fiscal policy was the overcoming of the huge deficit of the state budget before 1876.

Dos Reflexos da Crise do Direito Liberal da Atualidade quando do Exercício da Parentalidade Responsável

A crise social e jurídica da atualidade, oriunda da cultura consumerista, decorre do modelo econômico capitalista e liberal. Devido ao culto dos valores materiais, o ser humano afastou- se de sua identidade universal, transformando-se em um ser individualista e egoísta. Evidencia-se que muitas relações familiares são constituídas sem que exista afeto ou dever de cuidado, implicando em desrespeito aos princípios da parentalidade responsável, da dignidade da pessoa humana e do melhor interesse da criança. Assim, faz-se necessário verificar as consequências jurídicas destas relações e propor um retorno ao verdadeiro significado do ser humano e da sua finalidade.

Lila Corwin Berman.Metropolitan Jews: Politics, Race, and Religion in Postwar Detroit.

Metropolitan Jews: Politics, Race, and Religion in Postwar Detroit is a wonderful example of a “minority history” that illustrates how the group in question, in this case Jews, was more than merely an interesting sidebar to the “mainstream” American historical narrative. Instead, they were integral to this story as they participated in the construction and implementation of liberal urban policies. Between the end of World War II and the 1970s, Jews engaged with and invested in Detroit, Michigan, in order to preserve and improve Jewish neighborhoods encountering urban transformations like black in-migration and Jewish out-migration. Lila Corwin Berman argues that the city remained important to postwar Jews’ cultural, political, historical, and spiritual identity despite their ever more suburban location and their former neighborhoods’ transformation into increasingly African American spaces. To do this, Berman studies both the physical and imagined city in Detroit, which she calls a “typical” (20) city since suburban Jews had similar experiences elsewhere. Detroit Jews’ urban involvement was rooted in what Berman calls “liberal” beliefs that combined a progressive social agenda about fairness for individuals, including freedom from discrimination, with a classically liberal economic model that included protections for the free market and individual choice.

Power, altruism and communitarian tourism: A comparative study

Residents of San Juan La Laguna and San Pedro La Laguna, two neighboring towns on the shores of Lake Atitlan, Guatemala, have followed very different trajectories of tourism development despite their close proximity. This study explores the appropriateness of Social Exchange Theory (SET) to explain residents' perceptions of the benefits and drawbacks of tourism development under two differing economic models. Findings from this mixed-methods comparative case study indicate that SET might explain exchanges in destinations following a liberal economic model, but it has limited usefulness in communitarian tourism development contexts. Findings also suggest that strong community collaboration guided by governmental and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) can help to maintain tourism benefits locally, while at the same time preventing some of the costs of tourism development in destination communities.

Liberalization and Reregulation in a Globalized Economy

Building a regulatory regime over its industry challenges the Chinese state in the process of moving towards a modern economy. To what extent has the socialist state intervention in markets been altered along with China’s integration into the global economy? Roselyn Hsueh examines China’s regulatory regime of FDI through the comparison of two industries, telecommunication and textiles and finds an interesting mode of global economic integration that distinguishes China from both the liberal economic model and the East Asian developmental state model. The conclusion is that, even though China has introduced commitments made to the WTO and has liberalized FDI, it only appears to be a more liberal state in that the government has “selectively imposed new regulations at the sectoral level, asserting and even tightening control over industry and market development.” She further explores the political implication of this bifurcated strategy—“liberalization two-step”—and argues that introduction of economic competition and tolerance of private economies and market ideas and norms do not necessarily lead to political change towards a democratic one.

Model of the economy and criminal legal regulation

Revealed interconnection and interdependence between the economy and apply models of legal regulation of economic life. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of liberalization of criminal law and its consequences, and criticized the neoliberal economic model. The offers on the transition to a liberal economic model, capable of fundamentally solve the problems of social develop ment, and construction of an adequate system of legal regulation of the sphere of economic activity.

The Prospects for Diversification of Slovak Export to Asia

The centre of gravity of international trade has been shifting eastwards; 2 of 3 largest economies come from Asia. It witnessed 6.9% growth in 2014, much above the 2.6% on the global level. Credit goes in full to continent’s hard working population. It is presumed that 90% of the global growth within the next 10 – 15 years will be generated outside Europe; the majority of it in Asia. By 2050 a half of the global GDP will be generated there. Asia represents the global model in promoting R&D and innovations; it has become the key trading partner of the EU, with strategic partners in China, India, Japan, and South Korea. Numerous EU´s FTAs are being negotiated, hopefully eliminating remaining barriers to trade. The contribution focuses on prospects which are emanating for Slovakia and the Western liberal economic model vis-a-vis state control. It discusses the China’s economic downturn as a risk but also as a new opportunity. Slovak prosperity is vitally interlinked with the performance of export. It disproportionately depends on the EU. Out of the first eight countries within Slovakia‘s negative trade balance statistics, six come from Asia. Thus Asia should imperatively facilitate diversification of Slovak economy. The paper attempts to establish a frank and open picture of the state of the game, with the right balance between theory and authentic professional experience of the author. It assesses key Slovak strengths and weaknesses, identifies opportunities and offers a “food for thought”.

Democracia vs neoliberalismo económico. Condicionantes ideológicos de las preferencias políticas y económicas en la ciudad de Lima

Este estudio analiza la influencia de la ideología política sobre tres actitudes sociopolíticas: el apoyo al modelo económico neoliberal, el apoyo al sistema político democrático y el desinterés por la política, en una muestra de adultos jóvenes de la ciudad de Lima (<em>N = 279</em>). Como medidas de ideología política se utilizaron escalas de autoritarismo de ala derecha (RWA), orientación hacia la dominancia social (SDO), orientación política de derecha y justificación de la inequidad. Se contrastaron tres modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los dos modelos finales presentaron buenos indicadores de ajuste. Ambos modelos proponen que, mientras el RWA, la SDO y la orientación política de derecha ejercen influencia directa sobre el apoyo al modelo económico neoliberal, la SDO influye de manera inversa sobre el apoyo al sistema democrático. El modelo que presentó el mejor grado de ajuste propone además, que el desinterés por la política influye directamente sobre el apoyo al modelo económico neoliberal. Se discute finalmente acerca de la relación entre conservadurismo político, neoliberalismo económico y el concepto de apatía política.

Towards a mixed economy of long-term care in Norway?

Norway has an international reputation as a representative of Scandinavian social democratic welfare regimes which strengthen their citizens’ independence of the market and family. This picture can be challenged on the basis of an analysis of current changes in Norwegian long-term care policies and practices. Taking its departure from the different public/private distinctions unpacked by Jeff Weintraub, the article analyses the different ways Norwegian public long-term care services today relate to three different private forms. One is based on the liberal economic model and consists of a private care market. A second represents a classical individual-state approach and relates rather to the new consumer directed citizenship. A third approach is feminist inspired and relates to the impact of informal help on long-term care. In general, the discussion contributes to a more complex understanding of new forms of public/private relationships in the Scandinavian part of the world.